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云南蘿芙木根中吲哚生物堿及其抗菌活性

2023-02-21 06:37:54宋京風秦馬龍胡煒彥郭瑞榮張榮平李玉鵬于浩飛丁彩鳳
中草藥 2023年4期
關鍵詞:分子式生物堿乙腈

吳 昊,宋京風,范 堃,秦馬龍,胡煒彥,郭瑞榮,高 雯,張榮平,李玉鵬,于浩飛*,丁彩鳳*

云南蘿芙木根中吲哚生物堿及其抗菌活性

吳 昊1,宋京風1,范 堃1,秦馬龍1,胡煒彥1,郭瑞榮1,高 雯1,張榮平2,李玉鵬1,于浩飛1*,丁彩鳳1*

1. 昆明醫(yī)科大學藥學院暨云南省天然藥物藥理重點實驗室,云南 昆明 650500 2. 云南中醫(yī)藥大學,云南 昆明 650500

研究云南蘿芙木根中的吲哚類生物堿化學成分及抗菌活性,明確該植物抗菌活性成分。采用硅膠柱色譜、RP-C18、Sephadex LH-20、半制備HPLC等方法進行分離純化,結合波譜數(shù)據(jù)及文獻參數(shù)對化合物進行結構鑒定,并采用微量肉湯稀釋法對單體化合物進行抗菌活性評價。從云南蘿芙木根醋酸乙酯部位共分離得到20個吲哚類生物堿化合物,分別鑒定為維諾任堿(1)、霹靂蘿芙木堿(2)、四葉蘿芙木新堿(3)、蘿加靈(4)、西特斯日欽堿(5)、縫籽木醇(6)、柯楠醇(7)、二氫柯楠醇(8)、毛茶堿(9)、異毛茶堿(10)、佩立任堿(11)、10-羥基-16-表-花菊醇(12)、育亨賓(13)、降馬枯星堿B(14)、洛柯堿(15)、阿枯米定堿(16)、去乙酰阿枯米靈(17)、利血平(18)、哈爾滿堿(19)、梅林諾寧F(20)。其中化合物20對白色念球菌表現(xiàn)出較好的抗菌活性,最低抑菌濃度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)值為3.12 μg/mL,與臨床抗真菌藥物氟康唑的MIC值相同?;衔?、11對大腸桿菌,化合物11、13、20對枯草芽孢桿菌均表現(xiàn)出一定的抗菌活性,MIC值為6.25~12.50 μg/mL,活性與植物源抗菌藥物小檗堿相當。化合物20為首次從蘿芙木屬中分離得到,化合物6、8~13、16~18均為首次從該植物中分離得到,部分單體化合物表現(xiàn)出潛在抗菌活性。

云南蘿芙木;吲哚類生物堿;抗菌活性;梅林諾寧F;維諾任堿;佩立任堿;二氫柯楠醇;育亨賓

云南蘿芙木Tsiang為夾竹桃科(Apocynaceae)蘿芙木屬L.植物,別名麻三端、羊屎果,主要分布于我國云南、貴州和廣西等地[1]。其味苦、微辛,性涼,具有清風熱、降肝火、消腫解毒的作用[2]。云南蘿芙木作為我國重要的南藥,民間以根入藥,用于治療風癢瘡疥、咽喉腫痛、腹痛吐瀉等疾病[3-4]?,F(xiàn)代研究表明,吲哚類生物堿是其主要藥效物質成分,具有降壓、免疫抑制、抗腫瘤等作用[5-6]。目前,云南蘿芙木中的主要吲哚生物堿成分利血平,已經(jīng)被開發(fā)成復方利血平以及復方利血平氨苯蝶啶片在國內廣泛應用,主要用于治療頑固性高血壓[7]。而蘿芙木堿臨床上也應用于治療高血壓、精神病及心悸等疾病[8]。云南蘿芙木植物的藥理學研究發(fā)現(xiàn),其醇提浸膏具有良好的抗菌活性[9],但是關于其單體化合物的抗菌活性報道較少。為了豐富云南蘿芙木中的化學成分,探尋該植物的抗菌藥用價值。該研究以云南蘿芙木干燥根為研究對象,運用經(jīng)典的色譜分離手段和現(xiàn)代結構鑒定方法,共從其醋酸乙酯部位分離得到20個吲哚類生物堿(圖1),分別鑒定為維諾任堿(vinorine,1)、霹靂蘿芙木堿(perakine,2)、四葉蘿芙木新堿(tetraphyllicine,3)、蘿加靈(raugalline,4)、西特斯日欽堿(sitsirikine,5)、縫籽木醇(geissoschizol,6)、柯楠醇(corynantheol,7)、二氫柯楠醇(dihydrocorynantheol,8)、毛茶堿(antirhine,9)、異毛茶堿(isoantirhine,10)、佩立任堿(pelirine,11)、10-羥基-16-表-花菊醇(10-hydroxy-16--affinine,12)、育亨賓(yohimbine,13)、降馬枯星堿B(normacusine B,14)、洛柯堿(lochnerine,15)、阿枯米定堿(akuammidine,16)、去乙酰阿枯米靈(deacetylakuammiline,17)、利血平(reserpine,18)、哈爾滿堿(harman,19)、梅林諾寧F(melinonine F,20)。其中,化合物20為首次從蘿芙木屬中分離得到,化合物6、8~13、16~18均為首次從該植物中分離得到;并對分離得到的單體化合物進行了抗菌活性測定。該研究結果不僅豐富了云南蘿芙木的化學物質基礎,也為日后開發(fā)利用該植物資源提供了理論依據(jù)。

圖1 化合物1~20的結構

1 材料與儀器

1.1 材料

云南蘿芙木藥材于2019年9月采自云南省德宏州,經(jīng)昆明醫(yī)科大學胡煒彥副教授鑒定為云南蘿芙木Tsiang的干燥根,標本(20190910)現(xiàn)存于昆明醫(yī)科大學藥學院暨云南省天然藥物藥理重點實驗室。白色念球菌(ATCC 2091),大腸桿菌(ATCC 8739),金黃色葡萄球菌(ATCC 2592),枯草芽孢桿菌(ATCC 6633)均來自美國典型培養(yǎng)物保藏中心(Rockville USA)。小檗堿(上海源葉生物科技有限公司,批號B21379),氟康唑(上海麥克林公司,批號C11990398)。

1.2 儀器與試劑

AVANCE-400/AVANCE-600型核磁共振波譜儀(德國布魯克公司),Waters Xevo TQ-S三重四級桿質譜儀(美國沃特斯公司),LC-52制備型高效液相色譜儀(北京賽譜銳斯科技有限公司),C18-MS-Ⅱ色譜柱(250 mm×10 mm,5 μm,日本半井公司),Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝膠(瑞典安發(fā)瑪西亞生物技術公司,粒徑40~70 μm,批號10276077),硅膠GF254預制薄層色譜板(青島海洋化工廠,100~200目,批號20200601),柱色譜硅膠(200~300目,青島海洋化工廠,批號0190170),RP-18柱色譜材料(德國默克公司,粒徑40~63 μm,批號KU00503),HBS-1096B型酶標儀(南京德鐵公司),高效液相所用乙腈為分析純(西格瑪奧德里奇貿(mào)易有限公司,批號WXBD4328V),其他試劑均為工業(yè)級(重蒸后使用)。

2 方法

2.1 提取與分離

云南蘿芙木干燥根(13.0 kg)粉碎,過100目篩。用80%甲醇回流提取5次(每次溶劑80 L,回流3 h),提取液減壓回收溶劑,得到總浸膏1.0 kg,總浸膏用pH=2~3的鹽酸-水分散后濾過,濾液用氨水調pH=9~10,醋酸乙酯萃取,共得醋酸乙酯層浸膏(60.0 g)。醋酸乙酯層浸膏(60.0 g)經(jīng)硅膠(200~300目)柱色譜分離,氯仿-甲醇(1∶0、10∶1、9∶1、8∶1、7∶1、5∶1、0∶1)梯度洗脫,合并組分得5個流分(Fr.A~Fr.E)。Fr.A(5.0 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,氯仿-丙酮(10∶1、5∶1、3∶1、1∶1)梯度洗脫,得5個流分(Fr. A1~A5)。Fr. A3(3.2 g)經(jīng)RP-18柱色譜,甲醇-水(10∶90~100∶0)梯度洗脫,得化合物1(100.0 mg)、5(20.0 mg)。Fr. B(11.0 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,石油醚-丙酮(3∶1、2∶1、1∶1)梯度洗脫,得6個流分(Fr. B1~B6)。Fr. B1(2.5 g)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜(甲醇)洗脫及半制備高效液相色譜純化得化合物2(4.0 mg,乙腈-水70∶30,2 mL/min,R=18 min)、16(4.0 mg,乙腈-水60∶40,2 mL/min,R=14 min)、19(1.2 mg,乙腈-水65∶35,2 mL/min,R=17 min)、20(1.5 mg,乙腈-水65∶35,2 mL/min,R=20 min)。Fr. C(5.0 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,氯仿-丙酮(5∶1、3∶1、1∶1)梯度洗脫,得6個流分(Fr. C1~C6)。Fr. C4(53.1 mg)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜純化(甲醇)洗脫,得化合物3(5.0 mg)、4(10.0 mg)。Fr. C5(326.3 mg)經(jīng)RP-18柱色譜甲醇-水(10∶90~100∶0)梯度洗脫,Sephadex LH-20柱色譜(甲醇)洗脫及半制備高效液相色譜純化得化合物13(2.0 mg,乙腈-水55∶45,2 mL/min,R=18 min)。Fr. C6(17.0 mg)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜(甲醇)洗脫及半制備高效液相色譜純化得化合物6(2.0 mg,乙腈-水55∶45,2 mL/min,R=21 min)、8(5.0 mg,乙腈-水55∶45,2 mL/min,R=25 min)。Fr. D(3.2 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,氯仿-甲醇(20∶1、10∶1)梯度洗脫,得5個流分(Fr. D1~D5)。Fr. D4(38.4 mg)以Sephadex LH-20柱色譜(甲醇)洗脫及半制備液相純化,得化合物14(6.0 mg,乙腈-水50∶50,2 mL/min,R=21 min)、15(4.0 mg,乙腈-水55∶45,2 mL/min,R=27 min)。Fr. D5(300.7 mg)經(jīng)RP-18柱色譜甲醇-水(10∶90~100∶0)梯度洗脫,再經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,氯仿-丙酮-二乙胺(1∶1∶0.1)等度洗脫得化合物11(2.0 mg)、18(3.0 mg)。Fr. E(1.0 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,氯仿-甲醇(10∶1、5∶1)梯度洗脫,得2個流分(Fr. E1~E2)。Fr. E1(600.0 mg)經(jīng)RP-18柱色譜甲醇-水(10∶90~100∶0)梯度洗脫,Sephadex LH-20柱色譜(甲醇)洗脫,得化合物7(30.0 mg)、12(10.0 mg)。Fr. E2(317.3 mg)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜(甲醇)洗脫及半制備高效液相色譜純化得化合物17(11.0 mg,乙腈-水40∶60,2 mL/min,R=21 min)、9(4.0 mg,乙腈-水40∶60,2 mL/min,R=27 min)、10(2.0 mg,乙腈-水40∶60,2 mL/min,R=31 min)。

2.2 抗菌活性測定

2.2.1 菌懸液的制備 取待測菌株大腸桿菌、枯草芽孢桿菌、金黃色葡萄球菌、白色念球菌接種到瓊脂固體平板上,待菌落長出后挑取單個菌落轉接到瓊脂液體培養(yǎng)基中,置于37 ℃、180 r/min條件下震蕩培養(yǎng)至對數(shù)期。在紫外分光光度計下測定菌液在600 nm的吸光度()值,并調整無菌生理溶液的光密度在0.10(0.5麥氏法蘭標準),最后用MHB肉湯培養(yǎng)基將菌液稀釋到1×106CFU/mL[10]。

2.2.2 待測樣品的制備 取待測樣品(化合物1~20及陽性藥物氟康唑和小檗堿),加入10%二甲基亞砜(DMSO)溶液,配制樣品母液質量濃度為200 μg/mL備用。

2.2.3 最低抑菌濃度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)的測定 選用無菌的96微孔板,在每孔中各加入100 μL肉湯培養(yǎng)基,然后往第1排小孔中加入100 μL已調配好的測試樣品,準備好雙重稀釋的樣品,隨后加入100 μL稀釋后的菌液,用移液槍吹吸打勻,使測試樣品及陽性藥物的最終質量濃度在0.78~100 μg/mL?;靹蚝髮?6微孔板加蓋后細菌置于37 ℃下培養(yǎng)24 h,白色念球菌置于28 ℃下培養(yǎng)48 h。經(jīng)過恒溫培養(yǎng)后,用酶標儀測定菌液在600 nm處的值,并觀察96孔板的渾濁度,待測樣品組的數(shù)值小于等于空白對照組的數(shù)值或者未出現(xiàn)明顯渾濁的樣品孔即為待測樣品的MIC值,如果待測樣品的MIC值大于100 μg/mL,視為該樣品沒有抗菌活性,每個實驗平行3次。

3 結果與分析

3.1 結構鑒定

化合物1:白色粉末,ESI-MS/335 [M+H]+,分子式為C21H22N2O2,1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): 7.62 (1H, d,= 7.6 Hz, H-9), 7.46 (1H, d,= 7.6 Hz, H-12), 7.39 (1H, t,= 7.6 Hz, H-10), 7.22 (1H, t,= 7.6 Hz, H-11), 5.31 (1H, q,= 6.8 Hz, H-19), 5.04 (1H, d,= 0.8 Hz, H-17), 4.22 (1H, t,= 4.8 Hz, H-3), 3.54 (2H, m, H-21), 3.39 (1H, t,= 6.8 Hz, H-5), 3.27 (1H, m, H-15), 2.74 (1H, dd,= 11.6, 4.8 Hz, H-6a), 2.43 (1H, t,= 6.8 Hz, H-16), 2.17 (3H, s, H-23), 1.93 (2H, t,= 4.8 Hz, H-14), 1.69 (1H, m, H-6b), 1.67 (3H, d,= 6.8 Hz, H-18);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD): 183.8 (C-2), 169.9 (C-22), 156.5 (C-13), 137.9 (C-20), 136.4 (C-8), 128.6 (C-11), 125.4 (C-10), 123.8 (C-9), 120.9 (C-12), 115.6 (C-19), 77.7 (C-17), 64.3 (C-7), 58.0 (C-3), 56.1 (C-5), 54.1 (C-21), 48.9 (C-16), 37.3 (C-6), 27.4 (C-15), 26.4 (C-14), 21.1 (C-23), 12.9 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[11],鑒定化合物1為維諾任堿。

化合物2:白色粉末,ESI-MS/351 [M+H]+,分子式為C21H22N2O3,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): 9.85 (1H, s, H-21), 7.62 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-9), 7.49 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-12), 7.40 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-10), 7.23 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-11), 4.95 (1H, s, H-17), 4.18 (1H, d,= 9.6 Hz, H-3), 3.63 (1H, t,= 6.0 Hz, H-5), 3.33 (1H, m, H-19), 2.88 (1H, t,= 6.0 Hz, H-15), 2.80 (1H, dd,= 12.0, 4.8 Hz, H-6a), 2.47 (1H, t,= 6.0 Hz, H-16), 2.18 (1H, m, H-20), 2.17 (3H, s, H-23), 1.77 (1H, m, H-14a), 1.65 (1H, d,= 12.0 Hz, H-14b), 1.64 (1H, d,= 12.0 Hz, H-6b), 1.27 (3H, d,= 6.0 Hz, H-18);13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): 201.6 (C-21), 182.7 (C-2), 170.1 (C-22), 156.5 (C-13), 136.2 (C-8), 128.8 (C-11), 125.6 (C-10), 123.9 (C-9), 121.0 (C-12), 78.0 (C-17), 64.9 (C-7), 56.9 (C-3), 56.4 (C-19), 51.6 (C-5), 49.9 (C-16), 48.7 (C-20), 37.4 (C-6), 26.2 (C-15), 22.6 (C-14), 21.1 (C-23), 18.9 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[12],鑒定化合物2為霹靂蘿芙木堿。

化合物3:白色粉末,ESI-MS/309 [M+H]+,分子式為C20H24N2O,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): 7.47 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-9), 7.14 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-10), 6.77 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-11), 6.63 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-12), 5.19 (1H, q,= 6.6 Hz, H-19), 4.42 (1H, brs, H-17), 3.47 (1H, d,= 9.6 Hz, H-3), 3.41 (1H, d,= 15.6 Hz, H-21a), 3.34 (1H, d,= 15.6 Hz, H-21b), 3.13 (1H, t,= 6.0 Hz, H-15), 3.05 (1H, t,= 6.0 Hz, H-5), 2.79 (3H, s, N-CH3), 2.65 (1H, s, H-2), 2.34 (1H, m, H-16), 2.05 (1H, t,= 12.0 Hz, H-14a), 1.92 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-6a), 1.84 (1H, t,= 12.0 Hz, H-6b), 1.68 (3H, d,= 6.6 Hz, H-18), 1.61 (1H, m, H-14b);13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): 154.4 (C-13), 140.0 (C-20), 132.8 (C-8), 127.3 (C-11), 122.8 (C-10), 119.3 (C-9), 114.9 (C-19), 109.4 (C-12), 79.4 (C-17), 76.7 (C-2), 56.1 (C-3), 55.3 (C-21), 54.9 (C-7), 52.2 (C-5), 49.2 (C-16), 35.0 (C-6), 34.6 (N-CH3), 29.5 (C-14), 28.1 (C-15), 12.8 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[13],鑒定化合物3為四葉蘿芙木堿。

化合物4:白色粉末,ESI-MS/327 [M+H]+,分子式為C20H26N2O2,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): 7.52 (1H, d,= 7.2 Hz, H-9), 6.67 (1H, t,= 7.2 Hz, H-10), 7.05 (1H, t,= 7.2 Hz, H-11), 6.62 (1H, d,= 7.2 Hz, H-12), 4.63 (1H, d,= 7.2 Hz, H-21), 4.40 (1H, s, H-17), 4.20 (1H, m, H-15), 3.60 (1H, d,= 7.2 Hz, H-3), 2.96 (1H, m, H-5), 2.80 (3H, s, N-CH3), 2.62 (1H, s, H-2), 2.20 (1H, m, H-16), 2.01 (1H, m, H-14b), 1.95 (2H, m, H-6), 1.55 (1H, dd,= 13.2, 5.4, Hz, H-20), 1.41 (1H, m, H-14a), 1.39 (1H, m, H-19a), 1.34 (1H, m, H-19b), 0.98 (3H, t,= 6.1 Hz, H-18);13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): 154.0 (C-13), 134.5 (C-8), 126.7 (C-11), 123.1 (C-10), 118.5 (C-9), 109.1 (C-12), 87.6 (C-21), 81.4 (C-17), 79.4 (C-2), 57.7 (C-7), 54.7 (C-3), 50.5 (C-5), 46.9 (C-16), 44.4 (C-20), 35.3 (C-6), 34.3 (N-CH3), 31.6 (C-19), 28.4 (C-15), 25.5 (C-14), 12.3 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[14],鑒定化合物4為蘿加靈。

化合物5:白色針晶(甲醇),mp 239~241 ℃,ESI-MS/355 [M+H]+,分子式為C21H26N2O3,1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 8.64 (1H, brs, N-H), 7.45 (1H, d,= 7.6 Hz, H-9), 7.32 (1H, d,= 7.6 Hz, H-12), 7.13 (1H, t,= 7.6 Hz, H-10), 7.07 (1H, t,= 7.6 Hz, H-11), 5.58 (1H, m, H-19), 5.23 (1H, dd,= 17.2, 1.6 Hz, H-18a), 5.18 (1H, dd,= 10.0, 1.6 Hz, H-18b), 4.00 (1H, dd,= 11.2, 7.2 Hz, H-3), 3.77 (1H, dd,= 11.2, 6.0 Hz, H-21a), 3.72 (2H, m, H-17), 3.66 (3H, s, 22-OCH3), 3.34 (1H, m, H-5a), 3.19 (1H, d,= 11.2 Hz, H-15), 3.13 (1H, m, H-6a), 3.05 (1H, m, H-21b), 2.79 (1H, m, H-6b), 2.52 (1H, m, H-5b), 2.40 (2H, m, H-14), 2.20 (1H, m, H-16), 1.41 (1H, d,= 7.6 Hz, H-20);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 174.4 (C-22), 138.1 (C-19), 136.2 (C-13), 136.1 (C-2), 127.1 (C-8), 121.5 (C-11), 119.4 (C-10), 118.5 (C-9), 118.1 (C-18), 111.0 (C-12), 107.6 (C-7), 61.9 (C-21), 60.8 (C-17), 59.7 (C-3), 52.6 (C-5), 51.7 (22-OCH3), 47.9 (C-16), 44.3 (C-20), 40.3 (C-15), 31.5 (C-14), 21.8 (C-6)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[15],鑒定化合物5為西特斯日欽堿。

化合物6:白色針晶(甲醇),mp 216~218 ℃,ESI-MS/297 [M+H]+,分子式為C19H24N2O,1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): 7.37 (1H, d,= 7.6 Hz, H-9), 7.28 (1H, d,= 7.6 Hz, H-12), 7.03 (1H, t,= 7.6 Hz, H-10), 6.96 (1H, t,= 7.6 Hz, H-11), 5.39 (1H, q,= 6.6 Hz, H-19), 4.47 (1H, m, H-17a), 3.91 (1H, m, H-3), 3.71 (1H, d,= 7.6 Hz, H-17b), 3.40 (1H, m, H-21a), 3.18 (1H, m, H-5a), 3.05 (1H, m, H-6a), 2.83 (1H, m, H-21b), 2.78 (1H, m, H-6b), 2.51 (1H, m, H-5b), 2.01 (1H, m, H-14a), 1.90 (1H, m, H-14b), 1.67 (3H, dd,= 6.6, 1.2 Hz, H-18), 1.55 (1H, m, H-16a), 1.40 (1H, m, H-16b), 1.33 (1H, m, H-15);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD): 136.8 (C-13), 136.6 (C-20), 134.2 (C-2), 126.9 (C-8), 120.0 (C-11), 118.4 (C-10), 117.2 (C-9), 116.1 (C-19), 110.5 (C-12), 106.2 (C-7), 60.3 (C-3), 59.3 (C-17), 55.0 (C-21), 52.4 (C-5), 37.5 (C-16), 35.8 (C-14), 33.8 (C-15), 20.8 (C-6), 11.7 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[16],鑒定化合物6為縫籽木醇。

化合物7:白色粉末,ESI-MS/297 [M+H]+,分子式為C19H24N2O,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): 10.66 (1H, s, N-H), 7.27 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-9), 7.22 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-12), 6.93 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-10), 6.86 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-11), 5.59 (1H, m, H-19), 4.99 (2H, m, H-18), 4.34 (1H, brs, H-17a), 3.75 (1H, brs, H-3), 3.70 (1H, m, H-17b), 3.51 (1H, dd,= 10.2, 4.2 Hz, H-21a), 3.42 (1H, dd,= 10.2, 4.2 Hz, H-5a), 2.95 (1H, dd,= 11.4, 4.8 Hz, H-5b), 2.76 (1H, m, H-21b), 2.68 (1H, m, H-6a), 2.54 (1H, m, H-6b), 2.19 (1H, m, H-14a), 1.96 (1H, m, H-14b), 1.80 (1H, m, H-16a), 1.51 (1H, m, H-16b), 1.34 (1H, m, H-20), 1.28 (1H, m, H-15);13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): 140.5 (C-19), 135.7 (C-13), 135.6 (C-2), 127.5 (C-8), 120.6 (C-10), 118.6 (C-11), 117.7 (C-9), 116.6 (C-18), 111.4 (C-12), 106.6 (C-7), 63.3 (C-3), 62.9 (C-17), 54.6 (C-21), 52.3 (C-5), 48.5 (C-20), 35.0 (C-14), 37.2 (C-15), 35.8 (C-16), 25.9 (C-6)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[17],鑒定化合物7為柯楠醇。

化合物8:白色針晶(甲醇),mp 175~177 ℃,ESI-MS/299 [M+H]+,分子式為C19H26N2O,1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 8.24 (1H, brs, N-H), 7.45 (1H, d,= 7.6 Hz, H-9), 7.30 (1H, d,= 7.6 Hz, H-12), 7.12 (1H, t,= 7.6 Hz, H-10), 7.07 (1H, t,= 7.6 Hz, H-11), 3.73 (1H, t,= 7.6 Hz, H-17a), 3.08 (1H, m, H-3), 3.07 (1H, m, H-17b), 3.04 (1H, m, H-5a), 3.00 (1H, m, H-6a), 2.71 (1H, dd,= 11.2, 4.4 Hz, H-6b), 2.51 (1H, m, H-5b), 2.24 (1H, d,= 12.4 Hz, H-16a), 2.05 (1H, m, H-21a), 1.96 (1H, m, H-14a), 1.90 (1H, m, H-16b), 1.62 (1H, m, H-19a), 1.44 (1H, m, H-21b), 1.42 (1H, m, H-20), 1.31 (1H, m, H-14b), 1.28 (1H, m, H-15), 1.10 (1H, m, H-19b), 0.89 (3H, t,= 7.6 Hz, H-18);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 136.1 (C-13), 127.3 (C-2), 124.1 (C-8), 121.3 (C-10), 119.3 (C-11), 118.1 (C-9), 110.9 (C-12), 107.8 (C-7), 60.5 (C-21), 60.2 (C-17), 59.8 (C-3), 53.0 (C-5), 41.6 (C-20), 36.9 (C-15), 35.4 (C-16), 35.2 (C-14), 23.4 (C-18), 21.5 (C-6), 11.0 (C-19)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[18],鑒定化合物8為二氫柯楠醇。

化合物9:白色粉末,ESI-MS/297 [M+H]+,分子式為C19H24N2O,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): 8.01 (1H, brs, N-H), 7.47 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-9), 7.34 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-12), 7.15 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-10), 7.10 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-11), 5.60 (1H, m, H-19), 5.22 (1H, d,= 10.2 Hz, H-18a), 5.16 (1H, d,= 10.2 Hz, H-18b), 4.17 (1H, brs, H-3), 3.74 (1H, m, H-21a), 3.60 (1H, dd,= 10.2, 7.8 Hz, H-21b), 3.21 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-5a), 3.03 (1H, m, H-5b), 3.00 (1H, m, H-6a), 2.77 (1H, m, H-6b), 2.75 (1H, m, H-17a), 2.65 (1H, m, H-14a), 2.62 (1H, m, H-17b), 2.25 (1H, m, H-20), 2.01 (1H, m, H-14b), 1.74 (1H, m, H-16a), 1.54 (1H, m, H-15), 1.52 (1H, m, H-16b);13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): 138.1 (C-19), 135.8 (C-13), 133.5 (C-2), 127.6 (C-8), 121.4 (C-10), 119.5 (C-11), 118.6 (C-18), 118.0 (C-9), 111.0 (C-12), 108.0 (C-7), 63.7 (C-21), 54.1 (C-3), 51.8 (C-5), 49.7 (C-20), 47.1 (C-17), 31.8 (C-14), 31.7 (C-15), 28.8 (C-16), 18.5 (C-6)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[19],鑒定化合物9為毛茶堿。

化合物10:白色粉末,ESI-MS/297 [M+H]+,分子式為C19H24N2O,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): 8.30 (1H, brs, N-H), 7.47 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-9), 7.33 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-12), 7.14 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-10), 7.09 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-11), 5.51 (1H, q,= 7.2 Hz, H-19), 4.21 (1H, brs, H-3), 3.63 (2H, m, H-21), 3.55 (1H, m, H-5a), 3.25 (1H, m, H-5b), 3.07 (1H, m, H-6a), 3.04 (1H, m, H-17a), 3.02 (1H, m, H-6b), 2.95 (1H, m, H-17b), 2.66 (1H, dd,= 14.4, 4.8 Hz, H-14a), 2.17 (1H, dt,= 14.4, 4.8 Hz, H-14b), 2.03 (1H, m, H-16a), 1.64 (3H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-18), 1.54 (1H, m, H-15), 1.52 (1H, m, H-16b);13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): 137.2 (C-20), 135.0 (C-13), 133.0 (C-2), 127.5 (C-8), 121.5 (C-10), 119.5 (C-11), 118.1 (C-9), 115.4 (C-19), 111.0 (C-12), 107.5 (C-7), 61.8 (C-21), 53.9 (C-3), 53.5 (C-5), 51.2 (C-17), 35.9 (C-14), 32.8 (C-15), 31.6 (C-16), 18.2 (C-6), 12.9 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[20],鑒定化合物10為異毛茶堿。

化合物11:黃色粉末,ESI-MS/355 [M+H]+,分子式為C21H26N2O3,1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 9.07 (1H, brs, N-H), 7.29 (1H, d,= 8.8 Hz, H-12), 7.08 (1H, d,= 2.4 Hz, H-9), 7.02 (1H, dd,= 8.8, 2.4 Hz, H-11), 5.51 (1H, q,= 6.4 Hz, H-19), 3.89 (3H, s, 10-OCH3), 3.73 (1H, d,= 13.6 Hz, H-21a), 3.63 (2H, m, H-17), 3.51 (1H, m, H-6a), 3.40 (1H, m, H-5), 3.38 (1H, m, H-15), 3.31 (1H, m, H-21b), 3.10 (1H, m, H-6b), 3.07 (1H, m, H-14a), 2.66 (1H, dd,= 8.8, 2.4 Hz, H-14b), 2.62 (3H, s, N-CH3), 1.70 (3H, d,= 8.8 Hz, H-18), 1.25 (1H, m, H-16);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 191.1 (C-3), 154.5 (C-10), 136.0 (C-2), 135.0 (C-20), 132.2 (C-13), 128.5 (C-8), 121.1 (C-19), 120.0 (C-7), 118.6 (C-12), 113.5 (C-11), 100.4 (C-9), 67.0 (C-17), 56.5 (C-5), 55.8 (10-OCH3), 52.3 (C-21), 43.5 (C-14), 41.9 (-CH3), 38.4 (C-16), 31.4 (C-15), 19.4 (C-6), 12.1 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[21],鑒定化合物11為佩立任堿。

化合物12:黃色粉末,ESI-MS/341 [M+H]+,分子式為C20H24N2O3,1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-6): 7.29 (1H, d,= 8.8 Hz, H-12), 6.99 (1H, d,= 1.8 Hz, H-9), 6.90 (1H, dd,= 8.8, 1.8 Hz, H-11), 5.51 (1H, m, H-19), 3.60 (1H, m, H-21a), 3.58 (2H, m, H-17), 3.50 (1H, m, H-6a), 3.46 (1H, m, H-5), 3.40 (1H, m, H-15), 3.37 (1H, m, H-21b), 3.20 (1H, m, H-6b), 3.14 (1H, m, H-14a), 2.68 (1H, dd,= 8.8, 2.4 Hz, H-14b), 2.59 (3H, s,-CH3), 1.70 (3H, d,= 8.8 Hz, H-18), 1.26 (1H, m, H-16);13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-6): 191.5 (C-3), 151.0 (C-10), 135.9 (C-2), 135.0 (C-20), 132.5 (C-13), 128.8 (C-8), 126.0 (C-19), 121.2 (C-7), 117.7 (C-11), 112.8 (C-12), 102.6 (C-9), 64.2 (C-17), 55.6 (C-5), 51.9 (C-21), 42.9 (C-14), 40.9 (N-CH3), 39.9 (C-16), 29.9 (C-15), 19.5 (C-6), 10.8 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[22],鑒定化合物12為10-羥基-16-表-花菊醇。

化合物13:白色粉末,ESI-MS/355 [M+H]+,分子式為C21H26N2O3,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): 7.46 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-9), 7.32 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-12), 7.14 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-11), 7.08 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-10), 4.23 (1H, d,= 2.4 Hz, H-17), 3.60 (3H, s, 22-OCH3), 3.21 (1H, d,= 12.0 Hz, H-3), 3.08 (1H, dd,= 12.0, 5.2 Hz, H-5a), 2.99 (1H, m, H-6a), 2.94 (1H, m, H-21a), 2.78 (1H, m, H-6b), 2.71 (1H, m, H-5b), 2.61 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-14a), 2.20 (1H, m, H-16), 2.17 (1H, m, H-21b), 2.13 (1H, m, H-15), 2.07 (1H, m, H-18a), 1.74 (1H, d,= 13.2 Hz, H-18b), 1.52 (1H, m, H-20), 1.41 (2H, m, H-19), 1.37 (1H, m, H-14b);13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): 172.4 (C-22), 136.3 (C-2), 136.0 (C-13), 127.7 (C-8), 121.4 (C-11), 119.5 (C-10), 118.2 (C-9), 110.8 (C-12), 108.2 (C-7), 67.3 (C-17), 62.2 (C-3), 60.4 (C-21), 53.3 (C-5), 51.5 (C-16), 50.9 (22-OCH3), 39.4 (C-20), 36.9 (C-15), 33.9 (C-14), 28.7 (C-18), 23.7 (C-19), 21.6 (C-6)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[23],鑒定化合物13為育亨賓堿。

化合物14:白色粉末,ESI-MS/295 [M+H]+,分子式為C19H22N2O,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): 7.39 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-9), 7.28 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-12), 7.05 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-10), 6.91 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-11), 5.45 (1H, q,= 6.0 Hz, H-19), 4.17 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-3), 3.59 (1H, m, H-21a), 3.47 (2H, m, H-17), 3.43 (1H, m, H-21b), 3.02 (1H, dd,= 15.6, 5.4 Hz, H-6a), 2.86 (1H, brs, H-15), 2.73 (1H, t,= 6.0 Hz, H-5), 2.70 (1H, d,= 15.6 Hz, H-6b), 2.10 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-14a), 1.85 (1H, m, H-16), 1.75 (1H, m, H-14b), 1.64 (3H, d,= 6.6 Hz, H-18);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 137.8 (C-2), 136.8 (C-13), 134.8 (C-20), 127.4 (C-8), 120.6 (C-11), 118.4 (C-10), 117.2 (C-9), 116.8 (C-19), 110.6 (C-12), 102.9 (C-7), 63.7 (C-17), 55.2 (C-21), 54.7 (C-5), 50.4 (C-3), 44.1 (C-16), 33.1 (C-14), 27.3 (C-15), 26.4 (C-6), 11.6 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[24],鑒定化合物14為降馬枯星堿B。

化合物15:白色粉末,ESI-MS/325 [M+H]+,分子式為C20H24N2O2,1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): 7.17 (1H, d,= 9.0 Hz, H-12), 6.91 (1H, d,= 1.8 Hz, H-9), 6.72 (1H, dd,= 9.0, 1.8 Hz, H-11), 5.44 (1H, m, H-19), 4.14 (1H, d,= 9.0 Hz, H-3), 3.80 (3H, s, 10-OCH3), 3.59 (1H, m, H-21a), 3.49 (1H, m, H-21b), 3.46 (2H, m, H-17), 2.99 (1H, dd,= 15.6, 5.4 Hz, H-6a), 2.85 (1H, brs, H-15), 2.72 (1H, m, H-5), 2.65 (1H, m, H-6b), 2.08 (1H, m, H-14a), 1.85 (1H, m, H-16), 1.74 (1H, m, H-14b), 1.63 (3H, d,= 9.0 Hz, H-18);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD): 153.7 (C-10), 138.7 (C-20), 134.7 (C-2), 132.0 (C-13), 127.8 (C-8), 116.8 (C-19), 111.2 (C-12), 110.4 (C-11), 102.9 (C-7), 99.3 (C-9), 63.7 (C-17), 55.2 (C-21), 54.9 (C-5), 54.3 (10-OCH3), 50.4 (C-3), 44.1 (C-16), 33.1 (C-14), 27.2 (C-6), 26.4 (C-15), 11.6 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[24],鑒定化合物15為洛柯堿。

化合物16:白色粉末,ESI-MS/337 [M+H]+,分子式為C21H24N2O2,1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): 7.36 (1H, d,= 7.6 Hz, H-9), 7.26 (1H, d,= 7.6 Hz, H-12), 7.03 (1H, t,= 7.6 Hz, H-11), 6.95 (1H, t,= 7.6 Hz, H-10), 5.44 (1H, q,= 7.6 Hz, H-19), 4.21 (1H, d,= 9.6 Hz, H-3), 3.76 (1H, d,= 9.6 Hz, H-17a), 3.65 (1H, m, H-17b), 3.63 (1H, m, H-21a), 3.60 (1H, m, H-21b), 3.52 (1H, m, H-5), 3.40 (1H, d,= 13.2 Hz, H-6a), 3.24 (1H, m, H-15), 2.93 (3H, s, 22-OCH3), 2.81 (1H, m, H-6b), 2.68 (1H, m, H-14a), 1.89 (1H, m, H-14b), 1.62 (3H, d,= 7.6 Hz, H-18);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD): 174.1 (C-22), 138.6 (C-2), 138.5 (C-13), 137.9 (C-20), 127.9 (C-8), 122.0 (C-11), 119.7 (C-10), 118.6 (C-9), 118.2 (C-19), 112.0 (C-12), 106.1 (C-7), 68.9 (C-17), 59.0 (C-5), 54.7 (C-21), 51.6 (C-3), 50.5 (C-16), 50.1 (22-OCH3), 30.3 (C-14), 30.1 (C-15), 25.0 (C-6), 13.3 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[25],鑒定化合物16為阿枯米定堿。

化合物17:白色針晶(甲醇),mp 190~192 ℃, ESI-MS/353 [M+H]+,分子式為C21H24N2O3,1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 7.47 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-9), 7.45 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-12), 7.25 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-10), 7.11 (1H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-11), 5.44 (1H, q,= 7.8 Hz, H-19), 4.36 (1H, d,= 4.8 Hz, H-3), 3.99 (1H, d,= 16.8 Hz, H-21a), 3.70 (3H, s, 17-OCH3), 3.66 (1H, m, H-5a), 3.63 (1H, m, H-15), 3.13 (1H, m, H-21b), 2.81 (1H, d,= 12.0 Hz, H-17a), 2.61 (1H, m, H-6a), 2.59 (1H, m, H-17b), 2.41 (1H, m, H-14a), 2.38 (1H, m, H-6b), 1.88 (1H, dd,= 15.0, 4.2 Hz, H-5b), 1.85 (1H, m, H-14b), 1.65 (3H, dd,= 7.2, 2.4 Hz, H-18);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 190.7 (C-2), 173.2 (C-22), 154.5 (C-13), 144.4 (C-8), 138.5 (C-20), 128.0 (C-9), 126.0 (C-12), 125.2 (C-11), 120.2 (C-19), 120.0 (C-10), 63.0 (C-17), 60.5 (C-7), 58.8 (C-16), 54.3 (C-3), 52.8 (C-21), 51.3 (C-5), 51.0 (17-OCH3), 37.4 (C-6), 33.6 (C-15), 30.0 (C-14), 12.5 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[26],鑒定化合物17為去乙酰阿枯米靈。

化合物18:白色針晶(甲醇),mp 264~266 ℃,ESI-MS/609 [M+H]+,分子式為C33H40N2O9,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): 7.63 (1H, s, N-H), 7.32 (2H, m, H-2, 6), 7.31 (1H, m, H-9), 6.82 (1H, d,= 2.4 Hz, H-12), 6.78 (1H, dd,= 8.4, 2.4 Hz, H-10), 5.05 (1H, m, H-3), 4.51 (1H, s, H-18), 3.90 (9H, s, 3, 4, 5-OCH3), 3.84 (3H, s, 11-OCH3), 3.83 (3H, s, 17-OCH3), 3.49 (3H, s, 22-OCH3), 3.21 (1H, m, H-17), 3.19 (1H, m, H-21a), 3.01 (1H, m, H-5a), 2.96 (1H, m, H-21b), 2.70 (1H, dd,= 8.4, 2.4 Hz, H-6a), 2.51 (1H, m, H-6b), 3.51 (2H, m, H-19), 2.35 (1H, m, H-5b), 2.31 (1H, m, H-16), 2.08 (1H, m, H-15b), 2.02 (1H, m, H-15a), 1.94 (1H, m, H-14a), 1.84 (1H, m, H-14b);13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): 172.8 (C-22), 165.5 (C-24), 156.3 (C-11), 153.0 (C-3, C-5), 142.3 (C-4), 136.4 (C-13), 130.2 (C-2), 125.4 (C-1), 122.1 (C-8), 118.6 (C-9), 108.0 (C-10), 107.3 (C-7), 106.8 (C-2, 6), 95.2 (C-12), 77.9 (C-17), 77.8 (C-18), 60.8 (3, 4, 5-OCH3), 56.3 (17-OCH3), 55.8 (22-OCH3), 53.8 (11-OCH3), 53.7 (C-3), 51.5 (C-16), 51.2 (C-5), 49.0 (C-21), 33.9 (C-20), 32.2 (C-15), 29.7 (C-19), 24.2 (C-14), 16.7 (C-6)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[27],鑒定化合物18為利血平。

化合物19:白色粉末,ESI-MS/183 [M+H]+,分子式為C12H10N2,1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 8.36 (1H, d,= 3.2 Hz, H-3), 8.12 (1H, d,= 5.2 Hz, H-5), 7.83 (1H, d,= 3.2 Hz, H-4), 7.55 (1H, m, H-7), 7.53 (1H, m, H-8), 7.30 (1H, t,= 3.2 Hz, H-6), 2.84 (3H, s, 1-CH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3):141.7 (C-1), 140.1 (C-8a), 138.7 (C-3), 134.5 (C-9a), 128.4 (C-6), 128.3 (C-4b), 122.1 (C-4a), 121.9 (C-5), 120.2 (C-7), 113.0 (C-4), 111.6 (C-8), 20.2 (1-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[28],鑒定化合物19為哈爾滿堿。

化合物20:白色粉末,ESI-MS/198 [M+H]+,分子式為C13H13N2,1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 8.36 (1H, d,= 3.2 Hz, H-3), 8.11 (1H, d,= 5.2 Hz, H-5), 7.84 (1H, d,= 3.2 Hz, H-4), 7.55 (1H, m, H-7), 7.53 (1H, m, H-8), 7.30 (1H, t,= 3.2 Hz, H-6), 3.77 (3H, s,-CH3), 2.84 (3H, s, 1-CH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3):141.6 (C-1), 140.1 (C-8a), 138.5 (C-3), 134.5 (C-9a), 128.5 (C-4b), 128.4 (C-6), 122.0 (C-4a), 121.9 (C-5), 120.2 (C-7), 113.0 (C-4), 111.6 (C-8), 63.7 (-CH3), 20.2 (1-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻對比[29],鑒定化合物20為梅林諾寧F。

3.2 化合物抗菌活性結果

按“2.2”項方法測試化合物1~20的抗菌活性,結果如表1所示?;衔?0對白色念球菌表現(xiàn)出較好的抗菌活性,MIC值為3.12 μg/mL,與臨床抗真菌藥物氟康唑的MIC值相同?;衔?、11對大腸桿菌表現(xiàn)出一定的抗菌活性,MIC值為6.25 μg/mL,化合物11、13、20對枯草芽孢桿菌表現(xiàn)出一定的抗菌活性,MIC值為12.50 μg/mL,活性與植物源抗菌藥物小檗堿相當。

4 討論

云南蘿芙木為提取“降壓靈”和“利血平”的原料,具有清熱解毒,降壓,鎮(zhèn)痛的作用。植株含有豐富的吲哚類生物堿成分,因而越來越受到人們的關注。本研究通過對云南蘿芙木根的化學成分進行了系統(tǒng)研究,共從其醋酸乙酯部位分離得到20個吲哚類生物堿,包括4個蘿芙木堿(ajmaline)型,6個柯楠因堿(corynantheine)型,2個?;胚幔╲obasine)型,2個育亨賓烷(yohimbine)型,3個沃洛亭堿(sarpagine)型,1個阿古米堿(akuammiline)型,2個β-卡波林(β-carboline)型。其中化合物20首次從蘿芙木屬中分離得到,化合物6、8~13、16~18首次從該植物中分離得到,這些化合物的分離豐富了云南蘿芙木的物質種類。

表1 化合物1~20的MIC

a-氟康唑 b-小檗堿 NA-沒有活性,MIC>100 μg·mL?1

a is fluconazole for fungi and b is berberine for bacteria NA-no activity MIC >100 μg·mL?1

當前,隨著人類對抗生素及合成抗微生物藥物的濫用,出現(xiàn)了前所未有的微生物耐藥性及不良反應,使得現(xiàn)有可選擇的抗微生物藥物束手無策。基于天然產(chǎn)物骨架多樣,且具有多靶點、不良反應小的特點,正在成為各國新藥研發(fā)團隊積極開發(fā)抗微生物藥物的重要來源[30-31]。云南蘿芙木民間用于治療咽喉腫痛、腹痛吐瀉等疾病,這些用途可能與提取物的抗菌活性有直接關系。本研究采用了國際公認的測定MIC的方法,篩選了從云南蘿芙木中得到的主要單體化合物1~20的抗菌活性,結果表明部分化合物具有抑制細菌增殖的活性。從一定程度上表明吲哚類生物堿可能是云南蘿芙木植物抗菌作用的主要活性成分之一。其中化合物20對白色念球菌及枯草芽孢桿菌表現(xiàn)出較好的廣譜抗菌活性,從構效關系分析來看,結構中含有的季銨離子可能是其發(fā)揮抗菌作用的關鍵基團。這與植物源廣譜抗菌藥物小檗堿結構具有一定相似。該研究工作為開發(fā)抗菌藥物提供了新的研究思路和分子模板。本研究結果初步驗證了云南蘿芙木植物的藥用功效,為云南蘿芙木植物的綜合開發(fā)利用提供了理論參數(shù)。

利益沖突 所有作者均聲明不存在利益沖突

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Indole alkaloids from roots ofand its antibacterial activities

WU Hao1, SONG Jing-feng1, FAN Kun1, QIN Ma-long1, HU Wei-yan1, GUO Rui-rong1, GAO Wen1, ZAHNG Rong-ping2, LI Yu-peng1, YU Hao-fei1, DING Cai-feng1

1. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China 2. Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China

To study the indole alkaloids from the roots of, and its antibacterial activities, so as to clarify the antibacterial active ingredients of the plant.The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CC), RP-C18, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative chromatography, their structures were identified by the combination of physicochemical properties, spectral data and literature comparison. Then, the antibacterial activities of these compounds were detected by the method of micro broth dilution.Totally twenty indole alkaloids were obtained and identified as vinorine (1), perakine (2), tetraphyllicine (3), raugalline (4), sitsirikine (5), geissoschizol (6), corynantheol (7), dihydrocorynantheol (8), antirhine (9), isoantirhine (10), pelirine (11), 10-hydroxy-16--affinine (12), yohimbine (13), normacusine B (14), lochnerine (15), akuammidine (16), deacetylakuammiline (17), reserpine (18), harman (19) and melinonine F (20). Moreover, compound 20 showed significant antibacterial activity againstwith MIC value of 3.12 μg/mL. Compounds 1 and 11 showed certain antimicrobial activity against, and compounds 11, 13, and 20 showed certain antimicrobial activity against, the MIC values were 6.25—12.50 μg/mL respectively. And their activities were comparable to antibiotics berberine.Compound 20 was firstly reported from the genera, and compounds 6, 8—13, 16—18 were firstly reported from this plant. Some compounds showed potential antimicrobial activities.

Tsiang; indole alkaloid; antimicrobial activity; melinonine F; vinorine; pelirine; dihydrocorynantheol; yohimbine

R284.1

A

0253 - 2670(2023)04 - 1033 - 10

10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2023.04.003

2022-05-08

國家自然科學基金項目(32000274);國家自然科學基金項目(31900290);云南省教育廳科研基金項目(2020J0139);云南省基礎研究項目(202101AU070069);云南省有毒藥用植物創(chuàng)新平臺研究項目(202005AE160004)

吳 昊(1997—),男,碩士研究生,從事植物化學研究。E-mail: 1326069381@qq.com

丁彩鳳,博士,講師,碩士生導師,從事天然藥物化學物質基礎與生物活性研究。E-mail: dingcaifeng@kmmu.edu.cn

于浩飛,博士,副教授,碩士生導師,從事天然藥物化學物質基礎與生物活性研究。E-mail: yaohaofei@kmmu.edu.cn

[責任編輯 王文倩]

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