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改良失禁皮膚護(hù)理方案在神經(jīng)外科失禁患者失禁性皮炎防護(hù)中的應(yīng)用效果

2023-04-13 15:58:41李雪
醫(yī)學(xué)美學(xué)美容 2023年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:神經(jīng)外科

李雪

【摘 要】目的 觀察改良失禁皮膚護(hù)理方案在防護(hù)神經(jīng)外科失禁患者失禁性皮炎的效果。方法 選取2020年9月-2022年2月廣元市第一人民醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科收治的40例失禁患者為研究對(duì)象,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組與觀察組,每組20例。對(duì)照組采用常規(guī)護(hù)理方案,觀察組采用改良失禁皮膚護(hù)理方案,比較兩組會(huì)陰部皮膚狀況、失禁性皮炎發(fā)生情況、皮炎恢復(fù)情況、生活質(zhì)量以及護(hù)理滿意度。結(jié)果 觀察組PAT評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組失禁性皮炎總發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組皮炎創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間、失禁時(shí)間及住院時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組穿衣、日?;顒?dòng)、社交娛樂(lè)、運(yùn)動(dòng)、工作學(xué)習(xí)、性生活、治療、生理、心理及家庭評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組護(hù)理滿意度高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 神經(jīng)外科失禁患者經(jīng)改良失禁皮膚護(hù)理方案的科學(xué)干預(yù)后,皮膚狀況較優(yōu),失禁性皮炎發(fā)生幾率較低,可縮短皮炎恢復(fù)及住院時(shí)間,提升生活質(zhì)量,且患者滿意度較高,值得臨床應(yīng)用。

【關(guān)鍵詞】神經(jīng)外科;失禁;失禁性皮炎;改良失禁皮膚護(hù)理

中圖分類號(hào):R473 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1004-4949(2023)02-0018-04

Application Effect of Modified Incontinence Skin Nursing Program in the Protection of Incontinence-associated Dermatitis of Incontinence Patients in Neurosurgical Department

LI Xue

(Neurosurgical Department of Guangyuan First Peoples Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, Sichuan, China)

【Abstract】Objective To observe the positive effect of modified incontinence skin nursing program in preventing incontinenceassociated dermatitis of incontinence patients in neurosurgical department. Methods A total of 40 patients with incontinence admitted to the Neurosurgery Department of Guangyuan First Peoples Hospital from September 2020 to February 2022 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 20 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine nursing program, and the observation group was treated with modified incontinence skin nursing program. The perineal skin condition, incontinence-associated dermatitis, dermatitis recovery, quality of life and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The PAT score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The total incidence of incontinence-associated dermatitis in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The wound healing time of dermatitis, incontinence time and hospitalization time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of dressing, daily activities, social entertainment, sports, work and study, sexual life, treatment, physiology, psychology and family in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion After the scientific intervention of the modified incontinence skin nursing program, the skin condition of the incontinence patients in neurosurgical department is better, and the incidence of incontinence dermatitis is lower. Meanwhile, it can shorten the recovery and hospitalization time of dermatitis, improve the quality of life, and the patient satisfaction is higher, which is worthy of clinical application.

【Key words】Neurosurgical department; Incontinence; Incontinence-associated dermatitis; Modified incontinence skin nursing program

神經(jīng)外科失禁患者大腦神經(jīng)對(duì)泌尿系統(tǒng)的控制能力較差,患者極易出現(xiàn)大小便失禁情況,對(duì)自身會(huì)陰、肛門(mén)及周邊組織、皮膚產(chǎn)生炎性刺激,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的大小便失禁導(dǎo)致分泌物侵襲會(huì)陰周邊肌膚,極易出現(xiàn)失禁性皮炎[1-3]。會(huì)陰周邊肌膚出現(xiàn)破潰、皮疹及紅斑等癥狀,會(huì)給患者機(jī)體帶來(lái)強(qiáng)烈持久疼痛不適感,同時(shí)影響患者病情好轉(zhuǎn)及生活質(zhì)量[4,5]。神經(jīng)外科失禁患者住院期間需要高效、及時(shí)的干預(yù)方案,以有效預(yù)防失禁性皮炎的發(fā)生,促進(jìn)患者病情的好轉(zhuǎn)[6,7]。常規(guī)護(hù)理措施以清洗和滋潤(rùn)局部皮膚、保護(hù)會(huì)陰部皮膚為主,無(wú)法保持局部皮膚的干燥,影響患者皮膚的愈合,還會(huì)增加護(hù)理人員的工作量。本研究主要探討改良失禁皮膚護(hù)理方案預(yù)防預(yù)防神經(jīng)外科失禁患者失禁性皮炎的效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 選取2020年9月-2022年2月廣元市第一人民醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科收治的40例失禁患者為研究對(duì)象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):住院時(shí)間≥24 h;存在大便失禁、尿失禁及雙失禁者。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):入院時(shí)已出現(xiàn)壓瘡和皮膚損傷的患者;肛門(mén)或尿道括約肌功能喪失的患者。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組與觀察組,每組20例。對(duì)照組男12例,女8例;年齡5~76歲,平均年齡(40.82±8.63)歲;失禁類型:小便失禁11例,大便失禁5例,大小便失禁4例。觀察組男11例,女9例;年齡4~77歲,平均年齡(40.94±8.79)歲;失禁類型:小便失禁10例,大便失禁6例,大小便失禁4例。兩組性別、年齡及失禁類型比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審核批準(zhǔn),所有患者均知情同意,并簽署知情同意書(shū)。

1.2 方法

1.2.1對(duì)照組 采用常規(guī)護(hù)理方案:護(hù)理人員實(shí)施常規(guī)的清洗、滋潤(rùn)以及保護(hù)會(huì)陰部皮膚等基礎(chǔ)干預(yù)措施。

1.2.2 觀察組 采用改良失禁皮膚護(hù)理方案:①評(píng)估皮膚:全面評(píng)估患者機(jī)體的營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況、皮膚性狀以及會(huì)陰部周邊情況,動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)患者有無(wú)胃腸功能紊亂等消化系統(tǒng)疾病,制定符合患者自身特點(diǎn)的皮膚護(hù)理措施;②清潔皮膚:定期對(duì)患者會(huì)陰及周邊肌膚進(jìn)行清潔,動(dòng)作宜輕柔,防止損傷患者肌膚,用蒸餾水進(jìn)行清洗,水分蒸發(fā)完畢之后用氧化鋅或者3M透明敷貼保護(hù)肌膚;如果患者大小便失禁頻率較高,可選用保濕效果更佳的醫(yī)用產(chǎn)品;③患者個(gè)人衛(wèi)生干預(yù):護(hù)理人員指導(dǎo)患者大小便結(jié)束后用溫水清潔患者生殖器、會(huì)陰及肛門(mén)周邊肌膚,用遠(yuǎn)紅外線燈等設(shè)備對(duì)準(zhǔn)患者會(huì)陰部照射15 min左右,照射距離保持在40 cm左右,降低感染發(fā)生幾率;④針對(duì)大小便失禁頻率較高或者大小便不方便的患者,護(hù)理人員可給予患者尿袋或者造口袋,方便患者大小便,同時(shí)降低會(huì)陰周邊肌膚感染發(fā)生幾率。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 比較兩組會(huì)陰部皮膚狀況、失禁性皮炎發(fā)生情況、皮炎恢復(fù)情況、生活質(zhì)量以及護(hù)理滿意度。

1.3.1會(huì)陰部皮膚狀況 以會(huì)陰部皮膚狀況量表(PAT)評(píng)估,包括會(huì)陰部刺激物的強(qiáng)度、刺激物的持續(xù)時(shí)間、會(huì)陰部位皮膚狀況以及相關(guān)影響因素(抗生素、管飼飲食、艱難梭狀芽泡桿菌以及低白蛋白等)4個(gè)項(xiàng)目,各項(xiàng)目分值1~3分,總分4~12分,評(píng)分越高代表患者患失禁性相關(guān)性皮炎的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越大。

1.3.2失禁性皮炎發(fā)生情況 患者與排泄物有接觸的肌膚雖然較為潮濕但完整性較好,顏色為粉紅色,患者自感輕度瘙癢,但未出現(xiàn)水泡為Ⅰ度;患者與排泄物接觸的皮膚顏色呈現(xiàn)出明顯的紅色或者顏色變淡,部分部位有發(fā)白趨勢(shì),部分皮膚出現(xiàn)破損,局部出現(xiàn)水泡,同時(shí)患者自感瘙癢及疼痛為Ⅱ度;患者與排泄物接觸的皮膚部位破損程度較為嚴(yán)重,顏色為暗紅乃至深紅色,部分皮膚有滲液出現(xiàn),患者自感明顯的瘙癢及灼痛感為Ⅲ度??偘l(fā)生率=(Ⅰ度+Ⅱ度+Ⅲ度)/總例數(shù)×100%。

1.3.3皮炎恢復(fù)情況 包括皮炎創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間、失禁時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間。

1.3.4生活質(zhì)量 以皮膚病生活質(zhì)量量表(DLQI)為依據(jù),共包括穿衣、日?;顒?dòng)、社交娛樂(lè)、運(yùn)動(dòng)、工作學(xué)習(xí)、性生活、治療、生理、心理及家庭10個(gè)指標(biāo),各指標(biāo)分值0~3分,評(píng)分越高代表患者的生活質(zhì)量水平越佳。

1.3.5護(hù)理滿意度 以我院自制護(hù)理滿意度調(diào)查問(wèn)卷評(píng)估,滿分100分,非常滿意為80~100分,比較滿意為60~79分,不滿意為<60分。滿意度=(非常滿意+比較滿意)/總例數(shù)×100%。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件處理本研究數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)量資料以(x-±s)表示,行t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,行χ2檢驗(yàn);以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組會(huì)陰部皮膚狀況比較 觀察組PAT評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。

2.2 兩組失禁性皮炎發(fā)生情況比較 觀察組失禁性皮炎總發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。

2.3 兩組皮炎恢復(fù)情況比較 觀察組皮炎創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間、失禁時(shí)間及住院時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。

2.4 兩組生活質(zhì)量比較 觀察組穿衣、日?;顒?dòng)、社交娛樂(lè)、運(yùn)動(dòng)、工作學(xué)習(xí)、性生活、治療、生理、心理及家庭評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表4。

2.5 兩組護(hù)理滿意度比較 觀察組護(hù)理滿意度高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表5。

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