趙錦涵 張晶 張洋 徐瀟藝 勾鈺淞 徐航飛 萬妍 吳劍
摘要:目的 探討老年人群微粒體甘油三酯轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白(MTTP)基因rs1800591多態(tài)性與非酒精性脂肪性肝?。∟AFLD)發(fā)病風(fēng)險的關(guān)系。方法 本研究的臨床隊列建立在北京京煤集團總醫(yī)院門礦醫(yī)院,2020年1月11日—2021年9月30日在北京門頭溝社區(qū)共招募參加健康體檢1098例老年志愿者,其中NAFLD患者614例,非NAFLD患者484例,采用基因芯片法檢測MTTP rs1800591基因型,收集人口學(xué)資料并檢測受試者的血液生化指標。
符合正態(tài)分布的計量資料兩組間比較采用獨立樣本t檢驗;對非正態(tài)分布的計量資料兩組間比較采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗;計數(shù)資料兩組間比較采用χ2檢驗。應(yīng)用χ2檢驗分析基因型頻率的分布是否符合Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) 平衡檢驗以確認樣本的群體代表性。以非條件Logistic回歸模型計算比值比(OR)及其95%CI以評估基因多態(tài)性與NAFLD發(fā)生風(fēng)險及其他合并癥的關(guān)系。結(jié)果 兩組間性別、年齡差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P值均<0.05)。相比于非NAFLD組,NAFLD組的BMI、腰臀比、TG、ALT、AST、CAP、LSM水平均顯著提高,而HDL明顯降低(P值均<0.05)。NAFLD組中高血壓、糖尿病、肥胖及代謝綜合征患者的比例也均高于非NAFLD組(P值均< 0.05)。MTTP rs1800591多態(tài)性在對照組基因型頻率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(χ2=1.097,P=0.29)。MTTP rs1800591不同基因型及等位基因分布在NAFLD患者與對照組中均有顯著性差異(P值均<0.001)???cè)巳褐蠺等位基因(GT+TT,n=351)攜帶率在男性中比例偏低,而BMI和CAP值顯著高于非攜帶者(GG,n=747)(P值均<0.001)。相比于非攜帶者,T等位基因攜帶者(GT+TT,n=232)中肥胖患者比例明顯提高,但NFS評分卻顯著降低(P值均<0.05)。在NAFLD受試者中,T等位基因攜帶者男性比例和腰臀比顯著降低, T等位基因攜帶者HDL高于非攜帶者(GG,n=382),T等位基因攜帶者NFS評分仍明顯低于非攜帶者(P值均<0.05)。非條件Logistic回歸分析表明,在校正性別、年齡、BMI混雜因素后,MTTP rs1800591 GT+TT型仍顯著增加了NAFLD的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(OR=1.643, 95%CI:1.226~2.203, P=0.001),而T等位基因攜帶則增加了總?cè)巳褐蟹逝值陌l(fā)生風(fēng)險(OR=1.371, 95%CI:1.051~1.788, P=0.02)。結(jié)論 老年人群中MTTP rs1800591多態(tài)性與NAFLD的發(fā)生有關(guān),T等位基因攜帶者可能促進了NAFLD肝臟脂肪變性,增加肥胖癥發(fā)生風(fēng)險,但可能抑制了肝纖維化進展。
關(guān)鍵詞:非酒精性脂肪性肝??; 基因; 老年人
基金項目:北京市百千萬人才工程資助項目(2019A15); 北京市屬醫(yī)學(xué)科研院所公益發(fā)展改革試點項目(京醫(yī)研2021-10)
Association between the rs1800591 variation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the elderly population
ZHAO Jinhan1, ZHANG Jing1, ZHANG Yang2, XU Xiaoyi1, GOU Yusong1, XU Hangfei1, WAN Yan3, WU Jian3. (1. Third Department of Liver Disease Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; 2. Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing 100069, China; 3. Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China)
Corresponding author:
WU Jian, wujiancupes@126.com (ORCID:0000-0001-6690-4561)
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the association between the polymorphism of the microsomal triglyceride transport protein (MTTP) gene at rs1800591 locus and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the elderly population. Methods The clinical cohort of this study was established in Menkuang Hospital, Beijing Jingmei Group General Hospital. A total of 1098 healthy elderly volunteers were recruited for physical examination in communities in Mentougou District of Beijing, China, from January 11, 2020 to September 30, 2021, among whom there were 614 patients with NAFLD and 484 individuals without NAFLD. Gene microarray was used to determine the genotypes of MTTP rs1800591; demographic data were collected, and blood biochemical parameters were measured. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The chi-square test was used to investigate whether the distribution of genotype frequency was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The unconditional logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) to investigate the association of gene polymorphism with the risk of NAFLD and other comorbidities. Results There were significant differences in sex and age between the two groups (P<0.05). Compared with the non-NAFLD group, the NAFLD group had significantly higher levels of body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and liver stiffness measurement and a significantly lower level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (all P<0.05). Compared with the non-NAFLD group, the NAFLD group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (all P<0.05). The distribution of genotype frequency at MTTP rs1800591 locus was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control group (χ2=1.097, P=0.29). There were a significant differences in the genotype and the distribution of alleles at MTTP rs1800591 locus between the patients with NAFLD and the control group (all P<0.001). In the total population, there was a significantly lower carrying rate of T allele (GT+TT, n=351) in male individuals, and the individuals carrying T allele had significantly higher BMI and CAP than those carrying GG allele (n=747) (P<0.001). Compared with the individuals who did not carry T allele, the individuals carrying T allele (GT+TT, n=232) had a significantly higher proportion of patients with obesity and a significantly lower NFS score (P<0.05). As for the individuals with NAFLD, the individuals carrying T allele had a significantly lower proportion of male individuals, a significantly lower waist-hip ratio, and a significantly higher level of HDL compared with those who did not carry T allele (GG, n=382), and the GT+TT group had a significantly lower NFS score than the GG group (all P<0.05). The non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for the confounding factors of sex, age, and BMI, the GT+TT genotype at MTTP rs1800591 locus significantly increased the risk of NAFLD (OR=1.643, 95%CI: 1.226-2.203, P=0.001), and carrying T allele also increased the risk of obesity in the total population (OR=1.371, 95%CI: 1.051-1.788, P=0.02). ConclusionMTTP rs1800591 polymorphism is associated with the development of NAFLD in the elderly population, and carrying T allele may promote hepatic steatosis and increase the risk of obesity in NAFLD, while it may inhibit the progression of liver fibrosis.
Key words:
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Genes; Aged
Research funding:
Beijing Hundred Thousand Talents Project (2019A15); Beijing Municipal Institute of Public Medical Research Development and Reform Pilot Project (2021-10)
非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD) 是一種代謝應(yīng)激性肝損傷,其全球患病率約為25%,我國目前有超過2.4億的患者[1]。NAFLD的病理進程可由單純脂肪變性進展為非酒精性脂肪性肝炎 (NASH)、纖維化、肝硬化和肝細胞癌,目前尚無有效的治療藥物[2]。此外,我國也面臨著迅速發(fā)展的老齡化問題,數(shù)據(jù)顯示[3]我國60歲及以上人口超2.64億,占全人口總數(shù)的18.7%,預(yù)計2050年將達到4.8億。在老齡化人群中,NAFLD將增加肝臟并發(fā)癥和肝外疾病發(fā)生風(fēng)險,嚴重影響老年人群的生活質(zhì)量,老年NAFLD患者亟需得到早期關(guān)注[4]。
NAFLD是遺傳因素和環(huán)境因素共同作用的結(jié)果,遺傳背景在其發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用約占50%[5]。多個關(guān)鍵基因的單核苷酸多態(tài)性 (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)已被證明與NAFLD的遺傳易感性密切相關(guān)。近年來,基于微粒體甘油三酯轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白 (microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, MTTP)多態(tài)性 (rs1800591)與脂質(zhì)代謝的密切關(guān)系,陸續(xù)開展了幾項MTTP多態(tài)性與NAFLD關(guān)系的研究,但多集中于歐美及非洲人群,對亞洲隊列的研究極少,目前尚無中國老年NAFLD人群與MTTP多態(tài)性的研究報道。
MTTP是一種異二聚體伴侶,主要在肝細胞和腸細胞中表達[6]。它是組裝和分泌極低密度脂蛋白 (very low density lipoprotein, VLDL)及乳糜微粒的關(guān)鍵酶[7],通過與載脂蛋白B (apolipoprotein B, apoB) 的特異性結(jié)合在脂蛋白生物合成中發(fā)揮重要作用[8]。研究表明,MTTP rs1800591多態(tài)性 (G>T) 可能與NAFLD的易感性相關(guān)。非洲學(xué)者Gouda等[9]在包括174例平均年齡40歲的NAFLD隊列中發(fā)現(xiàn),MTTP rs1800591 TT基因型相比G等位基因攜帶者血清TG和VLDL明顯降低,歐洲Musso等[10]研究結(jié)果與此一致,表明其可引發(fā)肝臟脂代謝的異常,是NAFLD發(fā)病的重要致病因素。Namikawa等[11]對63例活檢證實的NASH日本患者進行了MTTP rs1800591多態(tài)性研究發(fā)現(xiàn),G等位基因增加了NASH及肝臟脂肪變性的發(fā)生風(fēng)險。與上述研究不同,在意大利[12](114例NASH) 和巴西人群[13](129例NASH) 的病例對照研究則顯示,rs1800591多態(tài)性與NAFLD、其臨床或組織學(xué)特征無顯著相關(guān)性。我國僅有一項相關(guān)研究[14]在平均年齡44歲的580例NAFLD患者中進行,結(jié)果也顯示rs1800591與NAFLD無顯著相關(guān)性。盡管大量研究提示MTTP rs1800591與NAFLD的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān),但仍有少數(shù)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)二者并無關(guān)聯(lián),其原因可能是MTTP功能更易受到種族、地域、飲食、年齡、性別等因素的影響。為此,需要在不同種族不同年齡段的更多人群中進一步明確其易感性和風(fēng)險等位基因,以及與NAFLD脂肪變性和纖維化進展的關(guān)系。
基于上述研究背景和目前我國老齡化現(xiàn)狀,我們以65歲以上人群為目標,建立了一個社區(qū)老年脂肪肝病的隊列,并開展了MTTP rs1800591多態(tài)性的檢測工作。探究MTTP rs1800591多態(tài)性與NAFLD之間的臨床相關(guān)性,為老年人群NAFLD綜合診治提供研究基礎(chǔ)。
1 資料與方法
1.1 研究對象 本研究的臨床隊列建立在北京京煤集團總醫(yī)院門礦醫(yī)院,2020年1月11日—2021年9月30日在北京門頭溝社區(qū)共招募參加健康體檢1098例老年志愿者,分為NAFLD組(n=614)和非NAFLD組(n=484)。NAFLD診斷標準符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會肝病學(xué)分會NAFLD標準[2]。納入標準:年齡≥65歲[15];所有NAFLD患者均經(jīng)B超診斷。排除標準: 有過量飲酒史和其他可以導(dǎo)致脂肪肝的特定疾病;患有嚴重的肝、腎、心臟和腦部疾病以及惡性腫瘤者[2]。
1.2 臨床及化驗資料 2名訓(xùn)練有素的研究人員負責(zé)招募體檢患者,從社區(qū)健康記錄中提取人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)指標和病史。對受試者的身高、體質(zhì)量、腰圍、臀圍進行標準測量,并計算BMI和腰臀比。使用FibroScan (法國Echosens公司,502 型,M探針) 對患者進行肝脂肪的定量測定,結(jié)果以受控衰減參數(shù)CAP表示,并測量肝臟硬度值(LSM)。研究對象于12 h空腹后在上午取靜脈血進行生化分析,檢測受試者的肝功能、脂質(zhì)譜、空腹血漿葡萄糖(FPG)、糖化血紅蛋白等指標。
1.3 纖維化及合并癥定義 使用NAFLD纖維化評分(NAFLD fibrosis score, NFS) 來評估肝纖維化的嚴重程度。NFS=-1.675+0.037×年齡 (歲) +0.094×BMI (kg/m2)+1.13×空腹血糖受損/糖尿病 (是=1,否=0)+0.99×(AST/ALT)-0.013×PLT(×109/L)-0.66×白蛋白 (g/dL)[16]。合并癥的診斷標準如下:收縮壓≥130 mmHg或舒張壓≥85 mmHg或服用降壓藥時,診斷為高血壓[17]。Ⅱ型糖尿病診斷為:FPG≥7.0 mmol/L或口服葡萄糖耐量試驗餐后2 h血糖≥11.1 mmol/L或既往有確切糖尿病病史[18]。肥胖癥被定義為BMI≥25 kg/m2[19]。代謝綜合征 (metabolic syndrome, MS) 的標準定義[20],需至少存在以下3項或3項以上:(1)肥胖,即BMI≥25 kg/m2和/或男性腰圍>90 cm(女性腰圍>80 cm);(2)高三酰甘油血癥,即三酰甘油≥1.7 mmol/L,或患者因脂質(zhì)異常而接受治療;(3)低HDL-C血癥,即男性HDL-C<1.03 mmol/L,女性HDL-C<1.29 mmol/L;(4)高血壓,即收縮壓≥130 mmHg和/或舒張壓≥85 mmHg,或患者被診斷出患有高血壓并曾接受過藥物治療;(5)高血糖,即空腹血糖升高(≥5. 6 mmol/L),或患者被診斷出患有Ⅱ型糖尿病并曾接受過藥物治療。
1.4 基因組DNA提取和基因分型 從患者全血標本中提取基因組DNA。DNA通過分光光度法 (Nanodrop 2000, Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE) 測定DNA的濃度和質(zhì)量,并在基因分型前標準化至約50 ng/mL。MTTP rs1800591的G和T等位基因探針由美國富魯達公司設(shè)計和合成 (Fluidigm, South San Francisco, CA, USA), 使用96.96微液流動態(tài)芯片(IFC)和JunoTM系統(tǒng)(Fluidigm, South San Francisco, CA, USA)對隊列樣品進行SNP分型分析,采用Fluidigm SNP基因分型分析軟件(4.5.1版) 對MTTP rs1800591不同等位基因的分布進行分析。
1.5 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法 數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計分析采用SPSS 26.0統(tǒng)計軟件。符合正態(tài)分布的計量資料以x±s表示,兩組間比較采用獨立樣本t檢驗;對非正態(tài)分布的計量資料,以M(P25~P75)表示,兩組間比較采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗;計數(shù)資料兩組間比較采用χ2檢驗。應(yīng)用χ2檢驗分析基因型頻率的分布是否符合Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) 平衡檢驗以確認樣本的群體代表性。以非條件Logistic回歸模型計算比值比(OR)及其95%CI以評估基因多態(tài)性與NAFLD發(fā)生風(fēng)險及其他合并癥的關(guān)系。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 一般資料 NAFLD組共收集614例,非NAFLD組484例。兩組間性別、年齡差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P值均< 0.05)。相比于非NAFLD組,NAFLD組的BMI、腰臀比、TG、ALT、AST、CAP、LSM水平均顯著提高(P值均<0.05),而HDL明顯降低(P<0.05)。NAFLD組中高血壓、糖尿病、肥胖及MS患者的比例也均高于非NAFLD組(P值均<0.05) (表1)。
2.2 MTTP-rs1800591基因型及等位基因的分布 MTTP rs1800591多態(tài)性在對照組基因型頻率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡 (χ2=1.097,P=0.29)。MTTP rs1800591不同基因型及等位基因分布在NAFLD患者與對照組中均有顯著性差異 (P值均<0.001)(表2)。
2.3 總?cè)巳褐蠱TTP rs1800591 T等位基因攜帶者與非攜帶者臨床資料比較 為明確T等位基因?qū)AFLD的影響,將研究對象分為T等位基因攜帶者 (GT+TT,n=351) 及非T等位基因攜帶者 (GG,n=747) 兩組,并在兩組間進行了臨床資料比較。結(jié)果顯示,總?cè)巳褐蠺等位基因攜帶率在男性中比例偏低,而BMI和CAP值顯著高于GG等位基因攜帶者(P值均<0.001)。進一步分析表明相比于非攜帶者,T等位基因攜帶者中肥胖患者比例明顯提高,但NFS評分卻顯著降低(P值均<0.05)(表3)。
2.4 NAFLD患者中MTTP rs1800591基因多態(tài)性的臨床資料比較 在NAFLD受試者中,T等位基因攜帶者男性比例和腰臀比顯著降低(P值均<0.05), T等位基因攜帶者HDL高于非攜帶者,T等位基因攜帶者NFS評分仍明顯低于非攜帶者(P值均<0.05)(表4)。
2.5 MTTP rs1800591 T等位基因與NAFLD及相關(guān)疾病風(fēng)險分析 非條件logistic回歸分析表明,在校正性別、年齡、BMI混雜因素后,MTTP rs1800591 GT+TT型仍顯著增加了NAFLD的發(fā)生風(fēng)險 (OR=1.643, 95%CI:1.226~2.203, P=0.001) (表5)。而T等位基因攜帶則增加了總?cè)巳褐蟹逝值陌l(fā)生風(fēng)險 (OR=1.371, 95%CI:1.051~1.788, P=0.02),但與高血壓、糖尿病、MS的發(fā)生風(fēng)險無關(guān) (圖1)。
3 討論
NAFLD以肝臟內(nèi)脂肪累積和慢性炎癥為主要表現(xiàn),是一種高度異質(zhì)性的疾病,其異質(zhì)性來自于年齡、性別、種族、飲食、遺傳因素等[21]。其中,不同種族群體中NAFLD的患病率、臨床特征、組織學(xué)嚴重程度和預(yù)后存在顯著差異,表明遺傳因素發(fā)揮了重要作用[22]。SNP是NAFLD異質(zhì)性的主要機制之一,在脂肪肝的發(fā)生發(fā)展約占50%的驅(qū)動作用[5]。MTTP是肝臟中脂質(zhì)代謝的關(guān)鍵蛋白[23],在肝細胞內(nèi)VLDL的組裝和分泌中發(fā)揮重要作用。MTTP在脂蛋白組裝的早期階段可以催化TG轉(zhuǎn)移到新生的ApoB,形成原始的VLDL顆粒,進而去除肝細胞內(nèi)TG的聚集狀態(tài)。研究[24-26]表明,MTTP活性降低或缺失會促進肝臟脂質(zhì)聚集,導(dǎo)致肝脂肪變性的發(fā)生。
MTTP rs1800591是近年來被證明與NAFLD發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)的新遺傳基因SNP[27-28],其與肝脂肪變性的關(guān)系已在相關(guān)研究中得以證實。2004年,Namikawa等[11]對63例NASH患者和150例健康對照組進行MTTP rs1800591多態(tài)性研究發(fā)現(xiàn),GG基因型NASH患者肝脂肪變性程度明顯高于GT基因型(無TT基因型攜帶NASH患者)。肝活檢也表明與GT基因型患者相比,GG基因型肝小葉脂肪面積更大。Bernard等[29]對217例糖尿病患者的研究中也證明,MTTP rs1800591的G等位基因可以顯著增加患者肝脂肪變性的遺傳易感性,GG基因型與GT+TT型肝臟脂肪變性比例分別為36%和17%。Gambino等[30]通過研究29例非肥胖非糖尿病NASH患者MTTP rs1800591多態(tài)性后發(fā)現(xiàn),NASH人群中GG型攜帶者的TG和游離脂肪酸顯著高于其他基因型。與之相反,一項涉及意大利人群的研究[12]顯示rs1800591多態(tài)性與NAFLD、其臨床或組織學(xué)特征之間無顯著的相關(guān)性。Oliveira等[13]在巴西人群的研究也顯示,GG和GT基因型攜帶者分別在NAFLD組與對照組,以及NAFL組和NASH組比較中無明顯臨床病理差異。2014年P(guān)eng等[14]在包含580例NAFLD患者[平均年齡(46.12±12.88)歲]和580例健康對照組[平均年齡(44.86±13.55)歲] 的中國漢族人群中的研究顯示rs1800591與NAFLD無相關(guān)性。介于MTTP是血脂調(diào)節(jié)中的重要因子,其功能更易受到飲食和各種環(huán)境因素的影響,上述研究也提示MTTP rs1800591多態(tài)性在不同種族、地域和人群中,也許發(fā)揮著不同的功能。
利用當(dāng)前社區(qū)老年脂肪肝病的隊列發(fā)現(xiàn),GT+TT基因型攜帶者的NAFLD發(fā)病風(fēng)險顯著增加,與非攜帶者相比T等位基因攜帶者CAP值顯著升高,反映了T等位基因可以增加肝臟脂肪含量。同時,無論是在總?cè)巳哼€是NAFLD人群中,GG等位基因型攜帶者NFS評分都顯著升高,表明GG等位基因在老年NAFLD人群中可能參與了纖維化進展。這種不同等位基因與不同脂肪肝病病理進程的相關(guān)性,可能取決于MTTP本身的功能。研究[31]表明在小鼠肝特異性敲除MTTP可以減少VLDL和ApoB-100的表達,并發(fā)展為中度脂肪肝。小鼠肝過表達MTTP會導(dǎo)致ApoB及VLDL的分泌增加,提高了高脂血癥的發(fā)病率[32]。而采用藥物抑制MTTP的表達,不僅會降低LDL-C和TG,也會存在胃腸道不良事件和肝臟脂肪含量增加的副作用[33]。MTTP在肝細胞內(nèi)的動態(tài)平衡,在維持血脂和肝臟脂肪水平穩(wěn)定上起重要作用。另外,有研究[34]表明T等位基因可以促進未成熟的VLDL顆粒酯化,從而減少VLDL到LDL的輸入,反而導(dǎo)致LDL-C、TC和ApoB的水平降低,進而促進肝內(nèi)脂質(zhì)的聚集,這可能是T等位基因增加NAFLD發(fā)病風(fēng)險的原因之一。而T等位基因是脂肪肝和MS的危險因子也被其他臨床研究[35-37]所證實。此外,MTTP在胰腺和腸道等其他組織中也發(fā)揮重要的作用。Musso等[10]在NASH患者中證明相比于GT/TT基因型,GG攜帶者具有更嚴重的胰島β細胞功能障礙。Iqbal等[38]也證明在小鼠腸道內(nèi)敲除MTTP,可以增加腸道內(nèi)TG水平,并減少其通過乳糜微粒的運輸,這也許會進一步導(dǎo)致腸道菌群的紊亂,促進肝纖維化的進展。這些研究表明相比于T等位基因,G等位基因引起MTTP表達和活性降低,血脂水平持續(xù)的改變,協(xié)同其他組織的病理性變化,進而在促進肝纖維化的進展中起到主導(dǎo)作用。本研究是在中國北方漢族老年人群中開展,老年人常合并如糖尿病和肥胖等多種慢性疾病,NAFLD發(fā)病特征及影響因素有其自身的特點[39],這可能是在該隊列中發(fā)現(xiàn)G等位基因與肝纖維化密切相關(guān)的主要原因。
此外,本研究還首次對rs1800591多態(tài)性與肥胖、高血壓、糖尿病、MS等疾病的相關(guān)性進行探究,發(fā)現(xiàn)MTTP rs1800591多態(tài)性的GT+TT基因攜帶者肥胖癥比例明顯升高。非條件Logistic回歸在校正性別、年齡、BMI等混雜因素后仍顯示T等位基因可以增加總?cè)巳褐蟹逝职l(fā)生的風(fēng)險(OR=1.371, 95%CI:1.051~1.788),表明T等位基因攜帶可能是老年人群肥胖發(fā)生的獨立危險因素。其可能的機制有以下兩點:(1)最新研究[40]表明,在脂肪細胞中,MTTP可以與脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶 (adipose triglyceride lipase, ATGL) 蛋白質(zhì)相互作用,調(diào)節(jié)ATGL的TG水解酶活性。MTTP在小鼠脂肪細胞中特異性敲除可以提高ATGL活性,促進TG降解,抵抗飲食誘導(dǎo)的肥胖,而這一新功能是獨立于MTTP脂質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移活性的。為此推測相比于T等位基因,G等位基因攜帶者脂肪組織中MTTP表達及活性減低,ATGL活性增加,進而促進脂肪降解,抵抗肥胖的發(fā)生,這可能是本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)T等位基因增加肥胖癥發(fā)生風(fēng)險的主要原因。(2)正如前文所述,MTTP 中T等位基因可能導(dǎo)致循環(huán)中TC,LDL-C和ApoB水平降低[41],而低水平的ApoB已被報道[42]可以促進肥胖的發(fā)生, 這可能是另一重要機制。
本研究也存在一些不足。首先,本研究為單中心橫斷面研究,不能代表更普遍的老年群體,要進一步明確MTTP rs1800591與NAFLD發(fā)病風(fēng)險的相關(guān)性還需進行更大規(guī)模的多中心前瞻性研究;其次,納入對象年齡較大,吸煙、飲酒、用藥史及既往病史等為檔案查找及患者的自我報告,存在一定回憶偏倚;鑒于本研究隊列老年人群血脂異常者居多,且服用降脂藥物情況復(fù)雜,基因多態(tài)性與血脂的相關(guān)性可靠性不強。最后,腹部超聲對輕度脂肪肝敏感性較低,結(jié)果可能存在偏倚,且不能對NAFLD脂肪變及纖維化嚴重程度進一步分級。
綜上所述,本研究報道了MTTP rs1800591多態(tài)性在老年人群中與NAFLD發(fā)病風(fēng)險的相關(guān)性,具有T等位基因的個體可能增加NAFLD脂肪變性的風(fēng)險,且T等位基因攜帶是老年人群肥胖癥發(fā)生的獨立危險因素。同時T等位基因攜帶者NFS評分顯著降低,可能抑制了纖維化進展。上述結(jié)果不僅首次闡明了MTTP rs1800591多態(tài)性在老年NAFLD人群中的臨床特征,為進一步的機制研究奠定了基礎(chǔ),還為NAFLD患者早期篩選提供一個可靠的遺傳基因位點,促進了老年NAFLD患者的精確醫(yī)療和臨床防治的發(fā)展。
倫理學(xué)聲明:本研究方案于2020年10月26日經(jīng)由首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬北京佑安醫(yī)院倫理委員會審批,批號:京佑科倫意[2020]-272。所納入患者均簽署知情同意書。
利益沖突聲明:本研究不存在研究者、倫理委員會成員、受試者監(jiān)護人以及與公開研究成果有關(guān)的利益沖突。
作者貢獻聲明:趙錦涵、張晶負責(zé)課題設(shè)計,資料分析,論文撰寫;張洋負責(zé)修改文章關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容;徐瀟藝、勾鈺淞、徐航飛、萬妍參與收集數(shù)據(jù),統(tǒng)計分析解釋;吳劍負責(zé)擬定寫作思路,指導(dǎo)撰寫文章及最后定稿。趙錦涵和張晶對本文貢獻等同,同為第一作者。
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收稿日期:
2022-11-18;錄用日期:2023-01-06
本文編輯:林姣