吳晨鵬?李小華?李雪梅?樊智彬?李君?張志勇
【摘要】目的 分析腺體受累及人乳頭瘤病毒(HPV)持續(xù)感染對(duì)宮頸高級(jí)別鱗狀上皮內(nèi)病變(HSIL)復(fù)發(fā)的影響,為術(shù)后臨床管理提供依據(jù)。方法 收集行宮頸冷刀錐切術(shù)治療的596例HSIL患者臨床資料,其中腺體受累240例(腺體受累組)、腺體未受累356例(腺體未受累組)。以術(shù)后2年或再次出現(xiàn)HSIL為研究終點(diǎn),比較復(fù)發(fā)患者與未復(fù)發(fā)患者間差異,結(jié)合患者腺體受累和HPV-16持續(xù)感染情況將患者分為腺體受累伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染組、腺體受累不伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染組、腺體不受累伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染組和腺體不受累不伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染組,比較4組間HSIL復(fù)發(fā)率的差異。結(jié)果 596例患者中,復(fù)發(fā)75例(12.6%)。腺體受累組患者的HPV-16感染率高于腺體未受累組(67.9% νs. 23.0%,P < 0.05)。復(fù)發(fā)患者的 ≥ 45歲者比例、腺體受累和HPV-16持續(xù)感染者比例與未復(fù)發(fā)患者比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均> 0.05)。腺體受累伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染組、腺體受累不伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染組、腺體不受累伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染組和腺體不受累不伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染組的復(fù)發(fā)率分別為33.8%、10.9%、8.5%和9.7%,腺體受累伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染組復(fù)發(fā)率高于其他3組(P均< 0.017)。結(jié)論 腺體受累同時(shí)伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染的HSIL患者在宮頸冷刀錐切術(shù)后易復(fù)發(fā),應(yīng)對(duì)該類患者采用更積極的手術(shù)治療方案并加強(qiáng)隨訪。
【關(guān)鍵詞】宮頸高級(jí)別鱗狀上皮內(nèi)病變;腺體受累;人乳頭瘤病毒;宮頸冷刀錐切術(shù);復(fù)發(fā)
Effect of glandular involvement and HPV infection on the recurrence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix Wu Chenpeng△, Li Xiaohua, Li Xuemei, Fan Zhibin, Li Jun, Zhang Zhiyong. △Department of Pathology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
Corresponding author,Zhang Zhiyong,E-mail: 1073810505@qq.com
【Abstract】Objective To evaluate the effect of glandular involvement and persistent human papillomavirus(HPV) infection upon the recurrence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL) of the cervix, aiming to provide evidence for postoperative clinical management. Methods Clinical data of 596 HSIL patients who underwent cold-knife conization were collected, including 240 cases of glandular involvement(glandular involvement group) and 356 cases of non-glandular involvement(non-glandular involvement group). The recurrence of HSIL at postoperative 2 years was considered as the end point. The differences between recurrent and non-recurrent patients were compared. According to glandular involvement and HPV-16 infection, patients were divided into the glandular involvement+HPV-16 infection, glandular involvement alone, HPV-16 infection alone and non-glandular involvement+non-HPV-16 infection groups, respectively. The differences in the recurrence rate of HSIL were compared among four groups. Results Among 596 HSIL patients, 75 cases recurred(12.6%). HPV-16 infection rate in the glandular involvement group was 67.9%, significantly higher than 23.0% in the non-glandular involvement group, and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). In univariate analysis, the proportion of≥45 years old, glandular involvement and persistent HPV-16 infection were not significantly correlated with the recurrence of HSIL(all P > 0.05). The recurrence rates of HSIL were 33.8%, 10.9%, 8.5% and 9.7% in the glandular involvement+HPV-16 infection, glandular involvement alone, HPV-16 infection alone and non-glandular involvement+non-HPV-16 infection groups, respectively. The recurrence rate of HSIL in patients with glandular involvement+HPV-16 infection was significantly higher than that in other three groups, and the difference was statistically significant(all P < 0.017). Conclusions HSIL patients with glandular involvement and persistent HPV-16 infection are prone to relapse after cervical cold-knife conization. For these patients, active surgical regimen should be adopted and postoperative follow-up should be strengthened.
【Key words】High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of the cervix; Glandular involvement; Human papillomavirus;?Cold-knife conization; Recurrence
宮頸高級(jí)別鱗狀上皮內(nèi)病變(HSIL)是宮頸癌的前驅(qū)病變,除非治療得當(dāng),否則可能進(jìn)展為宮頸癌[1]。HSIL病變的推薦治療方法是錐切術(shù),然后進(jìn)行常規(guī)的人乳頭瘤病毒(HPV)和(或)宮頸細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查[2]。宮頸錐切術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)危險(xiǎn)因素包括切緣陽性、高危型HPV感染、腺體受累及年齡等[3-6]。其中切緣陽性是最重要的復(fù)發(fā)危險(xiǎn)因素,無生育要求者可以考慮再次手術(shù)治療[7]。與切緣陽性不同,對(duì)腺體受累及HPV持續(xù)感染患者臨床處理存在爭議,該2項(xiàng)因素在HSIL中的臨床意義尚未得到廣泛認(rèn)可,結(jié)合腺體受累及HPV感染分析其對(duì)HSIL復(fù)發(fā)的影響鮮有報(bào)道。本研究根據(jù)宮頸腺體受累和HPV感染情況對(duì)接受宮頸冷刀錐切術(shù)治療的HSIL患者進(jìn)行了臨床預(yù)后研究,評(píng)估兩者對(duì)HSIL患者臨床病程的影響。
對(duì)象與方法
一、研究對(duì)象
2016年1月至2020年6月在唐山市工人醫(yī)院及唐山市婦幼保健院行宮頸冷刀錐切術(shù)治療的HSIL患者共596例,其中腺體受累240例、腺體未受累356例。本研究為回顧性研究,樣本量功效大于80%,樣本量可保證研究結(jié)論具有一定可靠性。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)組織病理診斷為HSIL;②術(shù)后每6個(gè)月復(fù)查HPV和(或)進(jìn)行宮頸脫落細(xì)胞檢測(cè);③可獲取患者完整的臨床病理資料及隨訪資料。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①曾行其他宮頸手術(shù)治療;②哺乳期及妊娠期女性;③合并其他惡性腫瘤;④切緣陽性者。本研究已通過唐山市工人醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審查(倫理批件號(hào):GRYY-LL-2019-27)。
二、研究方法
宮頸HPV篩查采用美國羅氏公司的Cobas 4800檢測(cè)平臺(tái)進(jìn)行檢測(cè),本檢測(cè)方法共檢測(cè)14種高危型HPV(包括HPV-16、HPV-18、HPV-26、HPV-31、HPV-33、HPV-35、HPV-39、HPV-45、HPV-52、HPV-56、HPV-58、HPV-59、HPV-66、HPV-68),并對(duì)HPV-16和HPV-18單獨(dú)分型檢測(cè),所有操作均嚴(yán)格按照廠家說明書進(jìn)行。宮頸冷刀錐切術(shù)用盧戈氏碘液顯示碘不著色區(qū),沿不著色區(qū)域外緣3~5 mm進(jìn)行切除,錐高切除范圍1.5~2.5 cm。宮頸組織病理診斷由一名醫(yī)師初診,然后再由一名副主任醫(yī)師復(fù)診,診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考2020年第5版子宮頸腫瘤WHO分類。
三、研究流程
596例患者術(shù)前均進(jìn)行HPV檢測(cè),宮頸冷刀錐切術(shù)后病理診斷為HSIL,每6個(gè)月復(fù)查HPV和(或)進(jìn)行宮頸脫落細(xì)胞檢測(cè),以隨訪2年或再次出現(xiàn)HSIL為研究終點(diǎn),末次隨訪時(shí)間為2022年7月。腺體受累被定義為宮頸腺體結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)HSIL,同種型別HPV感染1年及以上判定為持續(xù)感染,術(shù)后6個(gè)月以上再次出現(xiàn)HSIL判定為復(fù)發(fā)。分析腺體受累和HPV感染對(duì)復(fù)發(fā)的影響。
四、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 26.0處理數(shù)據(jù)。計(jì)數(shù)資料以例(%)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。2組間比較P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。本研究主要關(guān)注腺體受累伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染患者與腺體受累不伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染患者、腺體不受累伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染患者和腺體不受累不伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染患者間的復(fù)發(fā)率間差異,故對(duì)腺體受累伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染組與其他3組間的復(fù)發(fā)率比較采用Bonferroni法校正,即P < 0.05/3 = 0.017為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
結(jié)果
一、臨床病理資料
HPV-16陽性245例,其中112例為HPV-16持續(xù)感染;HPV-18陽性63例,其中HPV-18型持續(xù)感染9例;HPV其他12型陽性248例,其中HPV其他12型持續(xù)感染35例;HPV陰性40例。隨訪結(jié)束時(shí),復(fù)發(fā)75例、未復(fù)發(fā)521例。
二、腺體受累組與腺體未受累組患者的不同型別HPV初次感染情況比較
腺體受累組患者的HPV-16感染率高于腺體未受累組(P < 0.05),HPV-18型及其他12型感染率在腺體受累組與腺體未受累組間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均> 0.05)。見表1。
三、復(fù)發(fā)組與未復(fù)發(fā)組患者的年齡、腺體受累率、HPV-16持續(xù)感染情況比較
復(fù)發(fā)組與未復(fù)發(fā)組患者的 ≥ 45歲者比例、腺體受累率、HPV-16持續(xù)感染率比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均> 0.05)。見表2。
四、腺體受累聯(lián)合HPV-16持續(xù)感染對(duì)宮頸錐切術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的影響
根據(jù)腺體受累聯(lián)合HPV-16持續(xù)感染情況將患者分為腺體受累伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染組、腺體受累不伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染組、腺體不受累伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染組和腺體不受累不伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染組,其復(fù)發(fā)率分別為33.8%、10.9%、8.5%和9.7%。腺體受累伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染患者的復(fù)發(fā)率高于其他3組,組間比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2 = 17.683,P < 0.001;χ2 = 9.822,P = 0.002;χ2 = 26.138,P < 0.001)。研究分析流程詳見圖1。
討論
宮頸癌在我國的發(fā)病率和病死率居高不下, 2020年我國宮頸癌死亡病例5.3萬,占全世界的15.5%,宮頸癌新增病例11萬,占全世界的18.2%[8]。降低宮頸癌的患病率和病死率的其中一種有效方法是早期檢測(cè)和治療HSIL。HSIL是一種癌前病變,在癌前病變期間給予適當(dāng)?shù)闹委熆捎行ьA(yù)防宮頸癌的發(fā)生。宮頸錐形切除術(shù)是診斷和治療HSIL的最佳方法。影響HSIL宮頸錐切術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的因素眾多,包括切緣陽性、腺體受累、高危型HPV感染及患者年齡等[3-6]。其中切緣陽性對(duì)復(fù)發(fā)影響的研究結(jié)果較為一致,但有關(guān)腺體受累和HPV感染的研究結(jié)果不盡相同。本研究選切緣陰性的HSIL患者作為研究對(duì)象,重點(diǎn)探討腺體受累和HPV感染對(duì)錐切術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的影響。
宮頸HSIL腺體受累被定義為先前存在的腺體結(jié)構(gòu)中存在HSIL。宮頸脫落細(xì)胞學(xué)診斷HSIL腺體受累的靈敏度及診斷一致性較差,腺體受累的確診要依靠組織學(xué)檢查結(jié)果[9]。腺體受累對(duì)HSIL患者預(yù)后影響及臨床處理的研究結(jié)果并不一致。部分研究指出,腺體受累與宮頸錐切術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)密切相關(guān),且平均復(fù)發(fā)時(shí)間更短,該類患者可增加錐切深度并應(yīng)加強(qiáng)隨訪[10-11]。但是,Kim等[12]發(fā)現(xiàn)腺體受累患者和腺體未受累患者的HSIL復(fù)發(fā)率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但在腺體受累患者中進(jìn)行額外的手術(shù)治療更為頻繁,應(yīng)仔細(xì)考慮基于腺體受累的再次手術(shù),以避免過度治療和手術(shù)并發(fā)癥。劉慧慧[13]的研究也顯示腺體受累與復(fù)發(fā)無關(guān)。
HPV是引致HSIL的主要病原體,接受HSIL治療患者的HPV總體感染率為84.9%~98.5%,錐切治療不能完全根除HPV感染[14]。HPV-16比其他HPV型別的致病力更強(qiáng)且不易被清除[15]。與腺體受累類似,HPV感染對(duì)HSIL復(fù)發(fā)的影響也存在爭議。多項(xiàng)研究顯示,持續(xù)性 HPV感染易導(dǎo)致HSIL復(fù)發(fā),是復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因素,尤其是HPV- 16的持續(xù)感染[16-17]。但另有研究表明宮頸HPV感染與HSIL復(fù)發(fā)無關(guān)[11, 18]。
上述研究僅對(duì)腺體受累和HPV感染情況進(jìn)行單獨(dú)分析,研究結(jié)論存在差異。本研究顯示,596例HSIL患者中,HPV-16陽性者最多,而腺體受累患者中的HPV-16感染者比例高于腺體未受累者。雖然復(fù)發(fā)組與未復(fù)發(fā)組患者的 ≥ 45歲者比例、腺體受累率、HPV-16持續(xù)感染率比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但進(jìn)一步對(duì)腺體受累和HPV-16持續(xù)感染的聯(lián)合分析顯示,腺體受累伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染患者的復(fù)發(fā)率高于其他患者。因此,聯(lián)合分析腺體受累及HPV-16持續(xù)感染情況,對(duì)于錐切術(shù)后的預(yù)后評(píng)估及臨床處理可能具有重要意義。
綜上所述,腺體受累和HPV-16持續(xù)感染作為單一因素對(duì)HSIL復(fù)發(fā)的影響尚存在爭議,腺體受累與HPV-16感染密切相關(guān),聯(lián)合分析HSIL患者的腺體受累及HPV-16持續(xù)感染情況至關(guān)重要,腺體受累同時(shí)伴HPV-16持續(xù)感染的患者復(fù)發(fā)率高于其他患者,對(duì)于該類患者應(yīng)考慮采取更積極的隨訪及治療方案。
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(收稿日期:2022-09-01)
(本文編輯:林燕薇)