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CAD/CAM全瓷貼面修復(fù)體對(duì)活髓前牙的美學(xué)修復(fù)效果及牙齦牙周的影響

2023-08-01 00:20孫丹丹石颯颯吳雪段少宇尹偉嬌
中國美容醫(yī)學(xué) 2023年6期
關(guān)鍵詞:計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)

孫丹丹 石颯颯 吳雪 段少宇 尹偉嬌

[摘要]目的:對(duì)比光固化復(fù)合樹脂修復(fù)與計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)/計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制作(Computer aided design/Computer aided manufacturing,CAD/CAM)全瓷貼面修復(fù)體對(duì)活髓前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)效果及牙齦牙周的影響。方法:選擇2018年4月-2021年1月筆者醫(yī)院收治的84例(共153顆患牙)活髓前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)患者為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組(n=42,共78顆患牙)與試驗(yàn)組(n=42,共75顆患牙)。對(duì)照組采用光固化復(fù)合樹脂修復(fù),試驗(yàn)組采用CAD/CAM全瓷貼面修復(fù)。對(duì)比兩組術(shù)后12個(gè)月的修復(fù)效果,溝齦探診深度(Probing depth,PD)、菌斑指數(shù)(Plaque index,PI)、牙齦指數(shù)(Gingival index,GI)、齦溝液量與齦溝液中白細(xì)胞介素-1α(Interleukin-1α,IL-1α)水平,對(duì)比兩組術(shù)后12個(gè)月內(nèi)并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果:試驗(yàn)組與鄰牙的顏色匹配度、修復(fù)體完整度、基牙敏感程度及牙髓狀態(tài)、修復(fù)體邊緣染色情況均優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);兩組修復(fù)牙PD比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),試驗(yàn)組修復(fù)牙PI、GI低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),兩組健康對(duì)牙合牙PD、PI、GI比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),試驗(yàn)組修復(fù)牙與健康對(duì)牙合牙PD、PI、GI比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),對(duì)照組修復(fù)牙PI、GI高于健康對(duì)牙合牙,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);試驗(yàn)組修復(fù)牙齦溝液量、齦溝液中IL-1α水平低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),兩組健康對(duì)牙合牙齦溝液量、齦溝液中IL-1α水平比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),對(duì)照組修復(fù)牙齦溝液量、齦溝液中IL-1α水平高于健康對(duì)牙合牙(P<0.05),試驗(yàn)組修復(fù)牙與健康對(duì)牙合牙齦溝液量、齦溝液中IL-1α水平比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后12個(gè)月內(nèi)并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率(5.33%)低于對(duì)照組(16.67%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:CAD/CAM全瓷貼面修復(fù)用于活髓前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)效果可靠,對(duì)牙齦及牙周組織健康有一定的優(yōu)勢,可改善齦溝液中炎癥反應(yīng),且安全性良好。

[關(guān)鍵詞]計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)/計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制作;全瓷貼面修復(fù)體;活髓前牙;修復(fù)效果;牙齦牙周

[中圖分類號(hào)]R783.4? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A? ? [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2023)06-0166-04

CAD/CAM All-ceramic Veneer Restorations on Cosmetic Restoration of Vital Pulped Anterior Teeth and Their Effects on Gingival Periodontal

SUN Dandan1,SHI Sasa2,WU Xue1,DUAN Shaoyu1,YIN Weijiao1

(1.Department of Stomatology, Electric Power Teaching Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100073,China; 2.Department of Stomatology,Xi'an Ordnance Industry Hygiene Research Institute,Xi'an 710065,Shaanxi,China)

Abstract: Objective? To compare the effects of light-cured composite resin restorations and computer-aided design/computer-aided fabrication (CAD/CAM) all-ceramic veneer restorations on the cosmetic restoration of vital pulped anterior teeth and their effects on gingival periodontal. Methods? A total of 84 patients (153 teeth in total) who were treated in authors hospital from April 2018 to January 2021 for cosmetic restoration of anterior teeth with vital pulp were selected as the research objects, and divided into the control group (n=42, a total of 78 teeth) according to the random number table method. teeth) and the experimental group (n=42, a total of 75 teeth). The control group was repaired with light-curing composite resin, and the experimental group was repaired with CAD/CAM all-ceramic veneer. The repair effect, probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), amount of gingival crevicular fluid and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) in gingival crevicular fluid were compared between the two groups at 12 months after operation. The incidence of complications within 12 months after surgery was compared between the two groups. Results? The color matching between the test group and the adjacent teeth, the integrity of the restoration, the sensitivity of the abutment, the status of the pulp, and the staining of the edge of the restoration were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in PD between the two groups of restored teeth (P>0.05). The PI and GI of the restored teeth in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in the PD, PI and GI of the healthy pair of teeth between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant difference in PD, PI and GI between the repaired teeth and the healthy opposing teeth in the experimental group (P>0.05). And the PI and GI of the restored teeth in the control group were higher than those of the healthy opposing teeth (P<0.05). The amount of repaired gingival crevicular fluid and the level of IL-1α in gingival crevicular fluid in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P>0.05). There were no significant difference in the amount of gingival crevicular fluid and the level of IL-1α in gingival crevicular fluid between the two groups of healthy controls (P>0.05). The volume of restored gingival crevicular fluid and the level of IL-1αin the gingival crevicular fluid in the control group were higher than those of the healthy opposing teeth (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in the amount of gingival crevicular fluid and the level of IL-1α in the gingival crevicular fluid between the repaired tooth and the healthy pair (P>0.05). The incidence of complications in the experimental group within 12 months after operation (5.33%) was lower than that in the control group (16.67%) (P<0.05). Conclusion? CAD/CAM all-ceramic veneer restoration is reliable in cosmetic restoration of pulp-vibrated anterior teeth, has certain advantages for the health of gingiva and periodontal tissue, and can improve the inflammatory response in gingival crevicular fluid with good safety.

Key words: computer-aided design/computer-aided fabrication; all-ceramic veneer restorations; living pulp anterior teeth; restoration effect; gingival periodontal

研究表明,牙齒一方面具備咀嚼與發(fā)音功能,另一方面可影響人的面部美觀,外傷、牙釉質(zhì)發(fā)育不全等均對(duì)活髓前牙造成一定影響,前牙位置特殊,若存在缺陷會(huì)影響人體面部美觀[1-2]。近年來,隨著人們口腔健康意識(shí)及物質(zhì)生活水平的不斷提高,活髓前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)的人數(shù)呈逐漸上升趨勢[3]。光固化復(fù)合樹脂貼面修復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠、操作簡單,牙齒損傷小,但存在邊緣易折裂、易著色、樹脂材料機(jī)械性能差、易磨損等劣勢,其美學(xué)修復(fù)效果仍需進(jìn)一步改善[4]。隨著CAD/CAM技術(shù)的不斷創(chuàng)新與發(fā)展,選擇CAD/CAM全瓷貼面修復(fù)的醫(yī)師與患者越來越多[5]。相關(guān)研究表明,CAD/CAM瓷貼面其美觀性與生物性良好,通過不預(yù)備或微預(yù)備的方式即可獲得一定的修復(fù)效果,目前已廣泛用于牙齒美學(xué)修復(fù)中[6]。然而,國內(nèi)有關(guān)光固化復(fù)合樹脂貼面修復(fù)與CAD/CAM全瓷貼面修復(fù)體對(duì)活髓前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)效果及對(duì)牙齦牙周影響的對(duì)比研究較少,為此,本研究特選取醫(yī)院收治的84例(共153顆患牙)活髓前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)患者進(jìn)行療效對(duì)比研究,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)道如下。

1? 資料和方法

1.1 一般資料:選擇2018年4月-2021年1月筆者醫(yī)院收治的84例(共153顆患牙)活髓前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)患者為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組(n=42,共78顆患牙)與試驗(yàn)組(n=42,共75顆患牙),兩組基線資料具有可比性(P>0.05)。見表1。此研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審批。

1.2 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①由于釉質(zhì)發(fā)育不全、前牙間隙等原因需要實(shí)施活髓前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)者;②口腔衛(wèi)生良好者;③牙周組織健康者;④患牙無移位、松動(dòng)以及傾斜者;⑤覆牙合覆蓋基本正常;⑥均簽署知情同意書;⑦咬合關(guān)系正常者。

1.3 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①伴有自身系統(tǒng)性疾病者;②合并精神系統(tǒng)疾病者;③合并惡性腫瘤者;④存在咬硬物、嗜濃茶等不良習(xí)慣者;⑤肝、腎等臟器功能不全者;⑥無法實(shí)施烤瓷貼面等牙齒修復(fù)者;⑦嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)牙合畸形患者。

1.4 方法:試驗(yàn)組采用CAD/CAM全瓷貼面修復(fù)。①備牙:根據(jù)患者患牙缺損情況實(shí)施常規(guī)牙體預(yù)備,局部牙釉質(zhì)缺損較深患者,通過玻璃離子水門汀填補(bǔ)墊平;前牙間隙較大患者,需將其牙釉質(zhì)打磨;外傷造成前牙冠折近髓患者,通過玻璃離子水門汀墊底,用Dycal蓋住髓,通過金剛砂車針完成斷面的修整;四環(huán)素牙患者,從兩個(gè)平面實(shí)施預(yù)備;外傷造成前牙冠折未近髓的患者,稍微用針完成斷面的修整;②CAD/CAM全瓷貼面的設(shè)計(jì)與制備:針對(duì)患者個(gè)人情況選擇瓷塊以及牙位,通過Bluecam高清攝像頭實(shí)施口內(nèi)掃描,完成光學(xué)印模的制作,畫邊緣線,并選擇就位道,隨后修復(fù)體形成,之后精修修復(fù)體表面的解剖結(jié)構(gòu),放置IPS e.maxCAD瓷塊(義獲嘉偉瓦登特),然后切削修復(fù)體、染色以及燒結(jié);③貼面的試戴與粘接:試戴CAD/CAM全瓷貼面,并檢查修復(fù)體中線、形態(tài)以及邊緣密合度等,隨后通過試色糊劑實(shí)施試色,試戴結(jié)束后用瓷貼面粘接套裝粘接。隨后用5%氫氟酸(湖北成豐化工有限公司)酸蝕修復(fù)體15~20 s,95%乙醇超聲清洗240 s,烷基化處理60 s。用37%磷酸酸蝕基牙表面15~20 s,沖洗,SyntacPrimer(義獲嘉偉瓦登特)10~15 s,吹干,涂Syntac Adhesive(義獲嘉偉瓦登特)5~10 s,吹干,涂Variolink N粘接劑(義獲嘉偉瓦登特),隨后就位修復(fù)體,固化3~5 s,將多余粘接劑清理,每個(gè)面光照15 s后固化,隨后調(diào)整拋光以及咬合高點(diǎn)。由同一名修復(fù)醫(yī)師完成備牙、試戴以及粘接。

對(duì)照組采用光固化復(fù)合樹脂修復(fù)。備牙的方法同試驗(yàn)組,備牙完成后隔濕、沖洗、吹干,通過光固化復(fù)合樹脂直接填充缺損牙體,所需材料購自美國3M公司,修整外形直至患者滿意,隨后調(diào)整拋光,完成剩余的修復(fù)工作。

1.5 觀察指標(biāo)

1.5.1 修復(fù)效果:術(shù)后12個(gè)月評(píng)估兩組的修復(fù)效果[7]。①與鄰牙的顏色匹配度:A級(jí)為修復(fù)體與鄰牙的透明度、高度以及顏色相一致;B級(jí)為修復(fù)體與鄰牙的透明度、高度以及顏色基本接近;C級(jí)為修復(fù)體與鄰牙的透明度、高度以及顏色不協(xié)調(diào);②修復(fù)體完整度:A級(jí)為無裂紋且完整;B級(jí)為出現(xiàn)裂紋或折裂;C級(jí)為修復(fù)體脫落;③基牙敏感程度及牙髓狀態(tài):A級(jí)為基牙無敏感,牙髓活力正常;B級(jí)為基牙有時(shí)冷熱敏感,牙髓活力正常;C級(jí)為基牙伴有自發(fā)性疼痛或長期冷熱敏感;④修復(fù)體邊緣染色:A級(jí)為無染色;B級(jí)為牙本質(zhì)未滲透,但邊緣染色;C級(jí)為牙本質(zhì)滲透且邊緣染色。

1.5.2 牙周牙齦相關(guān)指標(biāo):術(shù)后12個(gè)月分別測定兩組修復(fù)牙與健康對(duì)牙合牙的PD(PD評(píng)價(jià):探診測定中央齦溝、近中齦溝以及遠(yuǎn)中齦溝的深度,結(jié)果取平均值)、PI(PI評(píng)價(jià):0分代表牙面無菌斑沉積,1~5分分值越高代表菌斑沉積越多)以及GI(GI評(píng)價(jià):0分代表牙齦健康,1~3分分值越高代表牙齦健康狀況越差)。

1.5.3 齦溝液量與齦溝液中IL-1α水平

1.5.3.1 齦溝液量的檢測方法:充分隔濕取樣牙,牙面吹干,首先將濾紙用分析天平稱重,隨后將兩條濾紙分別放于患者舌面、牙頰的齦溝內(nèi),濾紙停留25~30 s,濾紙取出后再次稱重,齦溝液量=濾紙取出后的重量-濾紙取出前的重量,將齦溝液置于-80℃條件下保存待測。

1.5.3.2 IL-1α的檢測方法:取上述齦溝液樣本100μl,通過TDL-5A低速離心機(jī)(常州市凱航儀器有限公司)分離血清,離心半徑為10 cm、轉(zhuǎn)速為3 000 r/min,離心15 min后取上清液,IL-1α水平通過酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法進(jìn)行檢測,試劑盒購自武漢華美生物工程有限公司。

1.5.4 并發(fā)癥:記錄術(shù)后12個(gè)月內(nèi)兩組的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。

1.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:用SPSS 23.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,以(x?±s)表示正態(tài)分布計(jì)量資料,行t檢驗(yàn);以“例(%)”表示計(jì)數(shù)資料,行χ2檢驗(yàn),1~5的計(jì)數(shù)資料比較進(jìn)行χ2校正,等級(jí)分布資料采用秩和檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2? 結(jié)果

2.1 修復(fù)效果:修復(fù)后,試驗(yàn)組與鄰牙的顏色匹配度、修復(fù)體完整度、基牙敏感程度及牙髓狀態(tài)、修復(fù)體邊緣染色情況均優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。

2.2 牙周牙齦相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較:兩組修復(fù)牙PD比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),試驗(yàn)組修復(fù)牙PI、GI評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組健康對(duì)牙合牙PD、PI、GI比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),試驗(yàn)組修復(fù)牙與健康對(duì)牙合牙PD、PI、GI比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),對(duì)照組修復(fù)牙PI、GI高于健康對(duì)牙合牙,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。

2.3 齦溝液量與齦溝液中IL-1α水平比較:試驗(yàn)組修復(fù)牙齦溝液量、齦溝液中IL-1α水平低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組健康對(duì)牙合牙齦溝液量、齦溝液中IL-1α水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);對(duì)照組修復(fù)牙齦溝液量、齦溝液中IL-1α水平高于健康對(duì)牙合牙,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),試驗(yàn)組修復(fù)牙與健康對(duì)牙合牙齦溝液量、齦溝液中IL-1α水平比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表4。

2.4 并發(fā)癥:試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后12個(gè)月內(nèi)并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率(5.33%)低于對(duì)照組(16.67%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表5。

3? 討論

隨著牙科美學(xué)修復(fù)技術(shù)的不斷改進(jìn)及修復(fù)材料的不斷發(fā)展,活髓前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)技術(shù)取得明顯提高,然而目前多數(shù)患者已不僅僅滿足于修復(fù)牙齒的基本功能,多數(shù)活髓前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)患者對(duì)牙體的美觀度、舒適度以及對(duì)牙齦牙周組織的影響也存在一定的需求[8-9]。臨床多采用光固化復(fù)合樹脂直接美學(xué)修復(fù)法用于活髓前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)中,其具有易修改、操作簡便等優(yōu)勢,但牙髓易敏感,且樹脂材料易折裂、磨損,其遠(yuǎn)期修復(fù)效果仍需要進(jìn)一步改善[10]。因此,尋求一種安全可靠的美學(xué)修復(fù)方法用于活髓前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)具有積極作用。

本研究結(jié)果顯示,試驗(yàn)組與鄰牙的顏色匹配度、修復(fù)體完整度、基牙敏感程度及牙髓狀態(tài)、修復(fù)體邊緣染色情況優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,試驗(yàn)組修復(fù)牙PI、GI、齦溝液量、齦溝液中IL-1α水平低于對(duì)照組,對(duì)照組修復(fù)牙PI、GI、齦溝液量、齦溝液中IL-1α水平高于健康對(duì)牙合牙,提示相比于光固化復(fù)合樹脂修復(fù),CAD/CAM全瓷貼面修復(fù)在與鄰牙的顏色匹配度、修復(fù)體完整度、基牙敏感程度及牙髓狀態(tài)、修復(fù)體邊緣染色情況等方面的優(yōu)勢更加明顯,且減輕齦溝液炎癥反應(yīng),有助于牙周、牙齦健康的恢復(fù)。IL-1α為內(nèi)源性趨化因子,可參與組織損傷與炎癥反應(yīng),也同樣可募集和趨化炎癥細(xì)胞,本研究中CAD/CAM全瓷貼面修復(fù)對(duì)牙周組織的刺激更小,炎癥反應(yīng)較弱,故可減輕齦溝液炎癥反應(yīng)。

CAD/CAM全瓷貼面修復(fù)為一種貼面間接美學(xué)修復(fù),在口內(nèi)取模后,在體外完成修復(fù)體的制備,隨后試戴、粘接。相關(guān)研究指出,相比于傳統(tǒng)印模,CAD/CAM全瓷貼面修復(fù)技術(shù)的數(shù)字化印模更加精準(zhǔn),且不易收縮變形[11-12]。CAD/CAM修復(fù)系統(tǒng)能夠自動(dòng)識(shí)別修復(fù)體邊緣,必要時(shí)還可自行修復(fù)局部邊緣線,此外,光學(xué)印模取完后,在計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上會(huì)呈現(xiàn)預(yù)備后的牙體,能夠清晰觀察頜間距離、邊緣線、有無倒凹、就位道等情況,特殊情況下還可再次預(yù)備基牙,從而獲得的修復(fù)體質(zhì)量更高[13]。國外有研究[14]對(duì)比傳統(tǒng)方法加傳統(tǒng)印模、CAD/CAM制作加數(shù)字化印模以及傳統(tǒng)熱壓鑄造加數(shù)字化印模三種方法制作的全瓷修復(fù)體,結(jié)果顯示,CAD/CAM制作加數(shù)字化印模制作的全瓷修復(fù)體的邊緣線適應(yīng)性最好。另外,光固化復(fù)合樹脂會(huì)給患者帶來惡心、不適感,而CAD/CAM全瓷貼面修復(fù)在患者口內(nèi)獲取光學(xué)印模,并未帶來惡心、不適感,患者術(shù)后的滿意度較高。國內(nèi)有研究證實(shí)[15],CAD/CAM瓷貼面修復(fù)用于前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)效果良好。本研究結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)照組、試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后12個(gè)月內(nèi)分別有13顆牙、4顆牙出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥,且試驗(yàn)組的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率更低,提示CAD/CAM全瓷貼面修復(fù)用于活髓前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)具有一定的安全性。

綜上所述,CAD/CAM全瓷貼面修復(fù)用于活髓前牙美學(xué)修復(fù)中效果可靠,對(duì)牙齦及牙周組織健康有一定的優(yōu)勢,可改善齦溝液中炎癥反應(yīng),且安全性良好。但本研究存在樣本量選擇有限、預(yù)后觀察時(shí)間短等不足之處,后續(xù)可擴(kuò)大樣本量、延長預(yù)后觀察時(shí)間來探討其作用機(jī)制。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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[7]鄒毅軍,羅琴,張靖江,等.滲透樹脂對(duì)正畸后牙齒白堊斑的療效及牙面微硬度和顏色穩(wěn)定性的影響[J].中國美容醫(yī)學(xué),2018,27

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[12]姜文靜,顏庭庭,劉德峰,等.經(jīng)椅旁CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)制作玻璃陶瓷嵌體修復(fù)后牙牙體缺損的臨床效果[J].精準(zhǔn)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2021,36(4):352-355.

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[收稿日期]2022-01-27

本文引用格式:孫丹丹,石颯颯,吳雪,等.CAD/CAM全瓷貼面修復(fù)體對(duì)活髓前牙的美學(xué)修復(fù)效果及牙齦牙周的影響[J].中國美容醫(yī)學(xué),2023,32(6):166-170.

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