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黑質(zhì)區(qū)過(guò)表達(dá)TFEB對(duì)C57/BL6小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)功能影響

2023-08-26 19:15劉琳陳蕾蕾謝俊霞
關(guān)鍵詞:轉(zhuǎn)錄因子黑質(zhì)小鼠

劉琳 陳蕾蕾 謝俊霞

[摘要]目的探究黑質(zhì)區(qū)過(guò)表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子EB(TFEB)對(duì)C57/BL6小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)功能的影響。方法8周齡雄性C57/BL6小鼠30只,隨機(jī)分為2組,每組15只。采用腦立體定位注射方法,將攜帶有TFEB的腺相關(guān)病毒(AAV-TFEB)注射至實(shí)驗(yàn)組小鼠黑質(zhì)區(qū),對(duì)照組小鼠注射相同劑量的空載腺相關(guān)病毒(AAV-mCherry)。4周后,采用免疫熒光和免疫印跡方法檢測(cè)小鼠黑質(zhì)區(qū)是否高表達(dá)TFEB,利用曠場(chǎng)、轉(zhuǎn)棒和爬桿實(shí)驗(yàn)評(píng)估高表達(dá)TFEB小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)功能變化。結(jié)果腦立體定位注射腺相關(guān)病毒4周后,可檢測(cè)到小鼠黑質(zhì)區(qū)高表達(dá)TFEB。曠場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,實(shí)驗(yàn)組小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)總距離較對(duì)照組增加,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=2.776,P<0.05),兩組小鼠通過(guò)中心區(qū)域次數(shù)差異無(wú)顯著性(t=1.414,P>0.05)。轉(zhuǎn)棒實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,兩組小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)疲勞狀態(tài)差異無(wú)顯著性(t=1.017,P>0.05)。爬桿實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,兩組小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)能力差異無(wú)顯著性(t=0.264,P>0.05)。結(jié)論黑質(zhì)區(qū)高表達(dá)TFEB能夠增強(qiáng)C57/BL6小鼠的持續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)能力。

[關(guān)鍵詞]轉(zhuǎn)錄因子;黑質(zhì);運(yùn)動(dòng)活動(dòng);小鼠

[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)]R338.2[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A[文章編號(hào)]2096-5532(2023)03-0325-04

doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2023.59.093[開(kāi)放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)]

[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版]https://link.cnki.net/urlid/37.1517.R.20230807.0920.004;2023-08-0716:36:25

EFFECTS OF OVEREXPRESSION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR EB IN THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA ON MOTOR FUNCTION IN C57/BL6 MICE? LIU Lin, CHEN Leilei, XIE Junxia (Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)

[ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of overexpression of the transcription factor EB (TFEB) on motor function in C57/BL6 mice. MethodsThirty 8-week-old male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into two groups, with 15 mice in each group. The experimental group received stereotactic injection of an adeno-associated virus carrying the TFEB gene (AAV-TFEB) into the substantia nigra. The control group received injection of the same dose of an empty adeno-associated virus (AAV-mCherry). After four weeks, the presence or absence of high TFEB expression in the substantia nigra was determined by immunofluorescence assay and Western blot. The motor function of mice with high TFEB expression was evaluated by using the open field, rotarod, and pole tests. ResultsHigh expression of TFEB was detected in the substantia nigra four weeks after stereotactic injection of AAV-TFEB. The open field test showed that the total distance of movement of the mice in the experimental group was significantly increased compared with that of the control group (t=2.776,P<0.05), with no significant difference in the frequency of center square entries (t=1.414,P>0.05). In the rotarod test, there was no significant difference between the two groups in fatigue resistance (t=1.017,P>0.05). In the pole test, there was no significant difference in the motor coordination ability of the two groups (t=0.264,P>0.05). ConclusionOverexpression of TFEB in the substantia nigra could enhance the persistent motor function of C57/BL6 mice.

[KEY WORDS]transcription factors; substantia nigra; motor activity; mice

帕金森病(PD)是第二大常見(jiàn)的與年齡相關(guān)的神經(jīng)退行性疾病,其主要的臨床癥狀為靜止性震顫、肌僵直、運(yùn)動(dòng)遲緩和姿勢(shì)不穩(wěn)[1-4]。隨著年齡的增加,不同的鐵復(fù)合物會(huì)在與運(yùn)動(dòng)和認(rèn)知障礙相關(guān)的大腦區(qū)域積聚[5],造成PD病人的行為運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙,而溶酶體在細(xì)胞鐵運(yùn)輸和體內(nèi)鐵平衡中起著關(guān)鍵作用[6-7]。轉(zhuǎn)錄因子EB(TFEB)是調(diào)節(jié)溶酶體再生和自噬的主要轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)因子[8]。已有研究結(jié)果表明,高表達(dá)TFEB能夠逆轉(zhuǎn)溶酶體的功能,在神經(jīng)退行性疾病中發(fā)揮神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用[9-11],是預(yù)防或者治療PD的有效策略之一。目前,已報(bào)道的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究主要集中在TFEB如何影響溶酶體的生成及如何清除病理性蛋白聚集[12],TFEB是否影響運(yùn)動(dòng)行為尚不清楚。本實(shí)驗(yàn)室前期研究表明,TFEB可能使細(xì)胞內(nèi)鐵儲(chǔ)存能力增強(qiáng),從而保護(hù)細(xì)胞免受鐵死亡的影響[13]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)旨在評(píng)估TFEB對(duì)小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)功能

326青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)59卷

的影響,從而為防治PD的運(yùn)動(dòng)功能障礙提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。

1材料和方法

1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)材料

1.1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物7周齡的SPF級(jí)C57/BL6小鼠30只,購(gòu)于北京維通利華實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)有限公司。小鼠每5只一籠,飼養(yǎng)于室溫(21±2)℃、濕度(50±5)%、12/12 h晝夜循環(huán)光照條件下,可自由飲水和攝食,飼養(yǎng)到8周齡。

1.1.2主要試劑腺相關(guān)病毒(AAV)購(gòu)于和元生物技術(shù)(上海)股份有限公司,加入1×PBS無(wú)菌緩沖液將空載AAV(AAV-mCherry)和攜帶有TFEB的AAV(AAV-TFEB)稀釋到相同的滴度。TFEB抗體購(gòu)于Proteintech公司;甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶(GAPDH)抗體和羊抗兔二抗購(gòu)于愛(ài)必信(上海)生物科技有限公司;二喹啉甲酸(BCA)蛋白定量試劑盒購(gòu)自康為世紀(jì);酪氨酸羥化酶(TH)抗體購(gòu)于默克(Millipore)生命科學(xué)有限公司。

1.2實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

1.2.1黑質(zhì)區(qū)立體定位注射將小鼠放入動(dòng)物麻醉機(jī)(瑞沃德)誘導(dǎo)盒中,輸入異氟烷與空氣(1∶1)的混合氣體,當(dāng)小鼠深度麻醉后,迅速將小鼠固定在腦立體定位儀上,調(diào)小異氟烷與空氣輸入量后持續(xù)供給。使用耳桿適配器固定小鼠頭部,調(diào)節(jié)門(mén)齒的高度使小鼠頭部平整,使耳桿適配器兩側(cè)讀數(shù)一致。用剪刀剪去小鼠頭頂?shù)拿l(fā),棉簽蘸取碘附消毒后用手術(shù)剪剪開(kāi)頭部皮膚,將顱骨外側(cè)暴露出來(lái)。用過(guò)氧化氫溶液和生理鹽水擦拭頭皮后,參照小鼠腦立體定位圖譜,在臺(tái)式雙目體視顯微鏡(瑞沃德)下定位前囟和后囟,計(jì)算黑質(zhì)區(qū)坐標(biāo)。使用超微量注射器(World Precision Instruments)在兩側(cè)黑質(zhì)區(qū)注射AAV,對(duì)照組注射AAV-mCherry,實(shí)驗(yàn)組注射AAV-TFEB,每側(cè)黑質(zhì)區(qū)注射200 nL,注射流量為1.0 nL/s,注射完成后留針10 min。退針后,用碘附消毒傷口,縫合并打耳洞做好標(biāo)記,將小鼠放在電暖氣旁等待蘇醒,蘇醒后送回動(dòng)物房正常飼養(yǎng),4周后進(jìn)行行為學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

1.2.2曠場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)將高40 cm、底部邊長(zhǎng)40 cm、內(nèi)壁為黑色且不透明的小鼠曠場(chǎng)反應(yīng)箱,置于運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡采集攝像頭的正下方,鏡頭距離反應(yīng)箱底部高度為2 m。打開(kāi)動(dòng)物運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡采集軟件(EthvisionXT 7)并設(shè)置相關(guān)參數(shù)后進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)在安靜穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境下進(jìn)行。通過(guò)觀察小鼠在曠場(chǎng)反應(yīng)箱中運(yùn)動(dòng)總距離和通過(guò)中心區(qū)域次數(shù)對(duì)其自主運(yùn)動(dòng)能力進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。

1.2.3轉(zhuǎn)棒實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試儀器為Med Associates Inc公司生產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)棒儀,將小鼠放在勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)儀器上適應(yīng)1 min,之后啟動(dòng)測(cè)試,儀器以4~40 r/min速度轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),記錄小鼠在轉(zhuǎn)棒上的持續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間,測(cè)試總時(shí)長(zhǎng)為5 min。測(cè)試3次,每次間隔30 min以上,取平均值。

1.2.4爬桿實(shí)驗(yàn)爬桿裝置(瑞沃德)為一根直徑0.8 cm、長(zhǎng)50 cm、頂部帶有直徑3 cm圓球的木桿,用醫(yī)用膠帶纏繞其表面,防止小鼠打滑,其底部帶有金屬底座,放置于長(zhǎng)100 cm、寬50 cm的白色塑料盒中,在里面加入 2/3的新墊料。實(shí)驗(yàn)前1 d,對(duì)所有實(shí)驗(yàn)小鼠進(jìn)行適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練,第2天正式實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),將小鼠放置在桿的小球處,頭部向下,記錄小鼠向下運(yùn)動(dòng)到底部的時(shí)間。共進(jìn)行3次實(shí)驗(yàn),取平均值。

1.2.5免疫熒光染色病毒注射4周后,每組取6只小鼠,完全麻醉后迅速行腹腔灌注,斷頭取腦,用40 g/L多聚甲醛固定。沉糖使小鼠腦完全脫水下沉之后進(jìn)行冷凍切片。切好的腦片置于0.01 mol/L PBS中,室溫下在搖床上清洗10 min去除包埋劑。干凈的腦片放入40 g/L多聚甲醛溶液中固定10 min,用0.01 mol/L PBS清洗3次,每次10 min,用封閉液封閉1 h,隨后將腦片分別置于配制好的TH和TFEB一抗稀釋液中,4 ℃搖床上孵育過(guò)夜;用0.01 mol/L PBS清洗3次,每次10 min,加入二抗稀釋液,在室溫下于搖床上避光孵育2 h;加入4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚染色液,繼續(xù)孵育5 min,用0.01 mol/L PBS清洗3次,每次10 min。將處理好的腦片平鋪到干凈的病理防脫載玻片上,用甘油封片,避光放置。最后用Olympus數(shù)字病理切片掃描系統(tǒng)熒光顯微鏡進(jìn)行觀察。

1.2.6免疫印跡法檢測(cè)TFEB蛋白表達(dá)小鼠灌注取腦后,迅速取出兩側(cè)黑質(zhì)組織,按照組織質(zhì)量加入配制好的裂解液,在冰上裂解30 min,放入組織研磨儀中研磨,取出后靜置30 min,放入提前預(yù)冷至4 ℃的離心機(jī)中,以12 000 r/min離心30 min,取上清,用BCA蛋白定量試劑盒測(cè)定蛋白濃度。配制SDS-PAGE凝膠,在80 V恒電壓下跑膠,恒電流300 mA 90 min轉(zhuǎn)膜。轉(zhuǎn)膜結(jié)束以后用50 g/L脫脂奶粉配制的封閉液封閉1 h。加入TFEB(1∶1 000)一抗,在恒溫?fù)u床上4 ℃孵育過(guò)夜。第2天用TBST洗膜3次,每次10 min。加入山羊抗兔(1∶10 000)的HRP-IgG二抗,室溫下孵育1 h,用TBST洗膜3次,每次10 min。加入發(fā)光液后應(yīng)用美國(guó)UVP凝膠成像系統(tǒng)采集圖像。用Image J軟件分析條帶灰度值。

1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

采用GraphPad Prism 7軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果以±s表示,兩組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2結(jié)果

2.1病毒在小鼠腦中的表達(dá)位置

腦組織免疫熒光染色結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)照組和實(shí)驗(yàn)組的AAV熒光可以與TH的綠色熒光共定位,提示AAV可在黑質(zhì)區(qū)的多巴胺能神經(jīng)元內(nèi)表達(dá)。

2.2TFEB在小鼠黑質(zhì)區(qū)中的表達(dá)

免疫印跡結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)照組和實(shí)驗(yàn)組小鼠黑質(zhì)區(qū)組織中TFEB蛋白的表達(dá)水平分別為0.484 2±0.037 3和0.896 2±0.064 3(n=6)。與對(duì)照組相比,實(shí)驗(yàn)組小鼠黑質(zhì)區(qū)TFEB蛋白表達(dá)水平明顯上升,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=5.544,P<0.05)。提示腦立體定位注射AAV-TFEB至小鼠黑質(zhì)區(qū)4周后,可在多巴胺能神經(jīng)元內(nèi)有效高表達(dá)TFEB。

2.3高表達(dá)TFEB對(duì)小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)功能的影響

曠場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,實(shí)驗(yàn)組小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)總距離較對(duì)照組增加,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=2.776,P<0.05),兩組小鼠通過(guò)中心區(qū)域次數(shù)差異無(wú)顯著性(t=1.414,P>0.05)。轉(zhuǎn)棒實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,兩組小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)疲勞狀態(tài)差異無(wú)顯著意義(t=1.017,P>0.05)。爬桿實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,兩組小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)能力差異無(wú)顯著性(t=0.264,P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。

3討論

PD的臨床癥狀分為運(yùn)動(dòng)癥狀和非運(yùn)動(dòng)癥狀,運(yùn)動(dòng)癥狀是其典型表現(xiàn)[14-15]。而黑質(zhì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元的丟失、α-突觸核蛋白聚集和鐵沉積這些PD的主要病理特征往往在運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙出現(xiàn)之前就已經(jīng)形成[16-20]。鐵參與大腦中的許多基本生物過(guò)程,包括氧氣運(yùn)輸、DNA合成、線粒體呼吸、髓磷脂合成以及神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)合成和代謝[5]。鐵穩(wěn)態(tài)是維持正常生理腦功能所必需的,而鐵穩(wěn)態(tài)的失調(diào)可以通過(guò)不同的機(jī)制引起神經(jīng)毒性[5,21-22]。當(dāng)鐵穩(wěn)態(tài)失調(diào)時(shí),很容易誘發(fā)鐵死亡,鐵死亡是一種依賴于細(xì)胞內(nèi)鐵積累而引起毒性脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化物活性氧升高的非凋亡細(xì)胞死亡形式[23-25]。在PD病人中,大量的鐵在腦區(qū)聚集,所產(chǎn)生的反應(yīng)性物質(zhì)能夠誘發(fā)脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化,進(jìn)而加劇氧化應(yīng)激,誘導(dǎo)腦中多巴胺能神經(jīng)元的丟失。以上研究表明,鐵在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮著重要作用,調(diào)節(jié)鐵的代謝或可成為防治PD的有效策略之一。

TFEB是堿性螺旋-環(huán)-螺旋亮氨酸拉鏈轉(zhuǎn)錄因子MiT/TFE家族的成員。MiT/TFE家族成員在很多細(xì)胞過(guò)程中都發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用,包括自噬-溶酶體生物發(fā)生[26-27]。有研究表明,高表達(dá)的TFEB能夠促進(jìn)溶酶體再生,而自噬和溶酶體通過(guò)降解鐵蛋白參與鐵死亡的誘導(dǎo)過(guò)程[6]。另有研究表明,海藻糖也可以通過(guò)TFEB促進(jìn)自噬,改善多種神經(jīng)退行性疾病模型中的疾病表型[28]。因此,TFEB是否可以通過(guò)影響腦內(nèi)鐵代謝從而影響PD的運(yùn)動(dòng)功能值得進(jìn)一步探索。

本實(shí)驗(yàn)在C57/BL6小鼠黑質(zhì)區(qū)腦立體定位注射AAV-TFEB 4周后,對(duì)小鼠進(jìn)行行為學(xué)測(cè)試。爬桿實(shí)驗(yàn)用來(lái)評(píng)估運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)能力,轉(zhuǎn)棒實(shí)驗(yàn)用來(lái)評(píng)估運(yùn)動(dòng)疲勞,結(jié)果顯示,兩組小鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)能力和運(yùn)動(dòng)疲勞差異均無(wú)顯著性。曠場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)用于觀察小鼠在新環(huán)境中的自主運(yùn)動(dòng)行為,小鼠水平運(yùn)動(dòng)的總距離能夠反映其運(yùn)動(dòng)能力,在中心區(qū)與外周區(qū)的通過(guò)次數(shù)和停留時(shí)間則反映其焦慮情況。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,高表達(dá)TFEB的小鼠無(wú)焦慮情況,但運(yùn)動(dòng)總距離顯著增加,說(shuō)明小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力增強(qiáng),高表達(dá)TFEB可以調(diào)節(jié)小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力。結(jié)合已有研究結(jié)果,推測(cè)TFEB可能使細(xì)胞內(nèi)鐵儲(chǔ)存能力增強(qiáng),從而保護(hù)細(xì)胞免受鐵死亡的影響,進(jìn)而影響PD運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙的形成。

綜上所述,TFEB能夠調(diào)節(jié)小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)功能,但它是否對(duì)PD模型小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)功能障礙具有保護(hù)作用仍需要進(jìn)一步研究。

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(本文編輯馬偉平)

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