隋源 張成森 王爽 李雪麗 勾曉梅
摘要:目的 探討環(huán)狀RNA(circRNA)-鋅指蛋白532(ZNF532)、circRNA-同源域相互作用蛋白激酶3(HIPK3)與糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變(DR)的相關(guān)性。方法 納入109例DR患者(DR組)、110例單純糖尿病患者(DM組)和65例健康體檢志愿者(對(duì)照組)。實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(qPCR)檢測(cè)血清circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3表達(dá),酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)血清血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(VEGF)、白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-1β、腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)-α、IL-6水平。Pearson分析DR患者血清circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3表達(dá)與血清VEGF、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平相關(guān)性。單因素和多因素Logistic回歸分析DR危險(xiǎn)因素,受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線分析circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3診斷DR的價(jià)值。結(jié)果 DR組血清circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3表達(dá)以及VEGF、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平高于DM組和對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。DR組血清circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3表達(dá)與VEGF、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平均呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示高水平circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3及VEGF是糖尿病患者發(fā)生DR的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。三者診斷糖尿病患者發(fā)生DR的曲線下面積分別為0.736、0.740和0.864,聯(lián)合診斷高于單獨(dú)診斷(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 糖尿病患者血清中circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3表達(dá)上調(diào)與DR發(fā)生有關(guān),兩者可以作為DR輔助診斷的潛在指標(biāo)。
關(guān)鍵詞:糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變;RNA,環(huán)狀;轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子類;tristetraprolin蛋白;同源盒結(jié)構(gòu)域蛋白質(zhì)類;炎癥;血管內(nèi)皮生長因子類;同源域相互作用蛋白激酶3
中圖分類號(hào):R774.13文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:ADOI:10.11958/20230048
Correlation analysis of circRNA-ZNF532 and circRNA-HIPK3 with diabetic retinopathy
SUI Yuan, ZHANG Chengsen, WANG Shuang, LI Xueli, GOU Xiaomei
Department of Ophthalmology, Harbin 242 Hospital, Harbin 150000, China
Corresponding Author E-mail: 25743710490@qq.com
Abstract: Objective To investigate the correlation between circrNa-Zinc finger protein 532 (ZNF532), circrNa-homologous domain interaction protein kinase-3 (HIPK3) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods A total of 109 patients with DR (DR group), 110 patients with simple diabetes (DM group) and 65 healthy volunteers (control group) were selected from our hospital from October 2020 to October 2022. Serum circRNA-ZNF532 and circRNA-HIPK3 expression levels were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL) -1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α and IL-6 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosoradsorption assay. The correlation between serum circRNA-ZNF532 and circRNA-HIPK3 expression and serum levels of VEGF, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were analyzed by Pearson method. Univariate Logistic regression analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used for DR risk factors, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used for analysis of circRNA-ZNF532 and circRNA-HIPK3 diagnostic value of DR. Results Serum expressions of circRNA-ZNF532 and circRNA-HIPK3 and levels of VEGF, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher in the DR group than those in the DM group and the control group (P<0.05). Serum circRNA-ZNF532 and circRNA-HIPK3 expression were positively correlated with? levels of VEGF, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the DR group (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of VEGF, circRNA-ZNF532 and circRNA-HIPK3 were risk factors for developing DR in diabetic patients (P<0.05). The areas under the curve of circRNA-ZNF532, circRNA-HIPK3 and VEGF in the diagnosis of DR in diabetic patients were 0.736, 0.740 and 0.864. Combined diagnosis was higher than that of circRNA-ZNF532, circRNA-HIPK3 and VEGF alone (P<0.05). Conclusion The up-regulated expression levels of circRNA-ZNF532 and circRNA-HIPK3 in serum of diabetic patients are related to the occurrence of DR, and both circRNA-ZNF532 and circRNA-HIPK3 can be used as potential indicators for the auxiliary diagnosis of DR.
Key words: diabetic retinopathy; RNA, circular; activating transcription factors; tristetraprolin; homeodomain proteins; inflammation; vascular endothelial growth factors; circrNa-homologous domain interaction protein kinase-3
糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變(DR)是糖尿病嚴(yán)重致殘性并發(fā)癥之一。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),我國糖尿病人群中DR患病率為18.45%,而普通人群視網(wǎng)膜病變患病率僅1.14%[1]。DR如不及時(shí)治療可嚴(yán)重?fù)p害視力,最終發(fā)展為失明[2]。研究認(rèn)為持續(xù)高血糖刺激下,微血管功能失調(diào)和過度炎癥反應(yīng)可引起血管通透性增加、黃斑水腫、血管新生和纖維組織收縮,導(dǎo)致視網(wǎng)膜扭曲脫離、新生血管出血及神經(jīng)元退行性病變[3]。環(huán)狀RNA(circRNA)在視網(wǎng)膜廣泛表達(dá)并參與微血管功能失調(diào)相關(guān)蛋白,如血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(VEGF)、轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子(TGF)、Sirtuin(SIRT)差異表達(dá),且其表達(dá)水平與DR發(fā)病過程中氧化應(yīng)激、炎癥反應(yīng)、細(xì)胞凋亡、血管新生密切相關(guān)[4]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),circRNA-鋅指蛋白532(ZNF532)參與調(diào)控視網(wǎng)膜血管內(nèi)皮周細(xì)胞功能,與血管內(nèi)皮功能障礙有關(guān)[5]。circRNA-同源域相互作用蛋白激酶-3(HIPK3)通過miR-29a介導(dǎo)胰島素樣生長因子1表達(dá),降低氧化應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)的心臟微血管內(nèi)皮功能障礙[6]。而關(guān)于circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3在DR的臨床報(bào)道十分少見。本研究擬檢測(cè)DR患者血清circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3表達(dá),分析其與DR發(fā)生的關(guān)系。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象 連續(xù)性選擇2020年10月—2022年10月我院眼科收治的109例DR患者(DR組)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)經(jīng)臨床診斷為2型糖尿病,符合《中國2型糖尿病防治指南(2017版)》[7]診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(2)出現(xiàn)視力逐漸下降,經(jīng)眼底檢查提示存在微血管瘤、滲出、出血等眼底病變,符合《我國糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變臨床診療指南(2014)年》[8]診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(3)年齡≥18周歲。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)患青光眼、白內(nèi)障、玻璃體液化、眼表感染、屈光不正等。(2)阿爾茨海默病、認(rèn)知障礙或精神疾病。(3)原發(fā)性腎病,肺和肝臟疾病。(4)感染、惡性腫瘤、自身免疫疾病。(5)近1個(gè)月應(yīng)用抗感染、激素、免疫抑制劑治療。(6)妊娠或哺乳期。另采用抽簽法選擇同期我院收治的110例單純糖尿病患者(DM組),均為2型糖尿病,參照文獻(xiàn)[7]診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),排除DR,眼內(nèi)和眼表疾病,心、肺、肝、腎等系統(tǒng)性疾病。同期于門診體檢的健康志愿者中選擇65例為對(duì)照組。本研究經(jīng)我院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(倫理號(hào):200952),全部研究對(duì)象均知情同意。
1.2 主要儀器及試劑 RNAsimple總RNA提取試劑盒、InRcute lncRNA cDNA Synthesis Kit(北京天根生化科技有限公司);ABI 7500 Real-Time PCR系統(tǒng)(美國應(yīng)用生物系統(tǒng)公司);VarioskanLUX酶標(biāo)儀、Invitrogen iBright免疫化學(xué)發(fā)光分析儀(美國賽默飛公司);AU5800全自動(dòng)生化分析儀(美國貝克曼庫爾特公司);JL-760糖化血紅蛋白分析儀(青島三凱醫(yī)學(xué)科技有限公司)。TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)試劑盒購自上海酶聯(lián)生物科技有限公司;VEGF試劑盒購自上海研啟生物科技有限公司。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3檢測(cè) 采集患者外周血3 mL,取血液凝固后上層血清,2 500 r/min離心5 min,取上層液-80 ℃待檢備檢。RNAsimple總RNA提取試劑盒提取總RNA,InRcute lncRNA cDNA Synthesis Kit將其反轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA。ABI 7500 Real-Time PCR系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(qPCR)。反應(yīng)體系:cDNA模板2 μL,上、下游引物各1 μL,Premix Ex Taq DNA 聚合酶10 μL,滅菌蒸餾水7 μL。引物由美國Invitrogen公司合成。circRNA-ZNF532引物:上游5′-ACGAGTGGACAAAACATCTGC-3′,下游5′-AATGCTGCCAGGAGGTCATC-3′。circRNA-HIPK3引物:上游5′-TGGAGACTGGGGGAAGATGA-3′,下游5′-CACACTAACTGGCTGAGGGG-3′。內(nèi)參基因β-actin引物:上游5′-CACGAAACTACCTTCAACTCC-3′,下游5′-CATACTCCTGCTTGCTGATC-3′。反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃預(yù)變性3 min;98 ℃變性20 s,67 ℃退火15 s,40個(gè)循環(huán),72 ℃延伸20 s。于72 ℃時(shí)采集熒光信號(hào),進(jìn)行熔解曲線分析,2?ΔΔCt法計(jì)算circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3相對(duì)表達(dá)量。每個(gè)樣本設(shè)置3個(gè)復(fù)孔,取3次測(cè)量結(jié)果的平均值。
1.3.2 血清VEGF、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6檢測(cè) 取血清樣本,ELISA法檢測(cè)血清VEGF、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平。
1.3.3 糖脂代謝指標(biāo)檢查 取血清樣本,全自動(dòng)生化分析儀檢測(cè)三酰甘油(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)、血肌酐(Cr)水平;免疫化學(xué)發(fā)光分析儀檢測(cè)空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰島素(FINS)水平;穩(wěn)態(tài)模型計(jì)算胰島素抵抗指數(shù)(HOMA-IR);糖化血紅蛋白分析儀檢測(cè)糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)水平。
1.4 臨床資料收集 收集受試者年齡、性別、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)、吸煙史、飲酒史、糖尿病病程、基礎(chǔ)疾?。ǜ哐獕?、高脂血癥)、糖尿病并發(fā)癥(糖尿病腎病、糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變、冠心病、腦卒中)及降糖治療方法。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 25.0錄入和分析數(shù)據(jù),符合正態(tài)分布的連續(xù)性變量以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,3組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn);2組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)。分類變量以例(%)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。Pearson分析DR患者血清circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3表達(dá)與血清VEGF、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平相關(guān)性。單因素和多因素Logistic回歸分析DR危險(xiǎn)因素。受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線分析DR的診斷價(jià)值。所有統(tǒng)計(jì)均采用雙側(cè)檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)α=0.05。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 3組基線資料比較 3組間的年齡、性別、BMI差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。DR組、DM組TG、TC、Cr、FPG,F(xiàn)INS、HOMA-IR、HbA1c水平均高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),DR組糖尿病病程、高血壓比例、FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、HbA1c水平均高于DM組(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 3組血清circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3、VEGF及炎性因子水平比較 DM組血清circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3、VEGF、IL-1β水平與對(duì)照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)意義(P>0.05),血清TNF-α、IL-6水平高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);DR組上述指標(biāo)水平均高于DM組和對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.3 血清circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3表達(dá)與VEGF、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平相關(guān)性 DR組血清circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3表達(dá)與VEGF(r分別為0.519和0.537)、IL-1β(r分別為0.335和0.357)、TNF-α(r分別為0.404和0.396)、IL-6(r分別為0.362和0.401)水平均呈正相關(guān)(均P<0.05)。
2.4 糖尿病患者發(fā)生DR危險(xiǎn)因素分析 以糖尿病病程、高血壓(否=0,是=1)、FPG、HOMA-IR、HbA1c、circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3、VEGF、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6為自變量,以糖尿病患者是否發(fā)生DR為因變量(否=0,是=1),建立Logistic回歸方程。單因素Logistic分析顯示糖尿病病程長,高血壓,HbA1c、circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3、VEGF、IL-1β水平升高與糖尿病患者發(fā)生DR有關(guān)(P<0.05),見表3。多因素分析顯示VEGF、circRNA-ZNF532及circRNA-HIPK3水平升高是糖尿病患者發(fā)生DR的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05),見表4。
2.5 糖尿病患者發(fā)生DR的診斷價(jià)值 circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3、VEGF聯(lián)合診斷糖尿病患者發(fā)生DR的AUC高于單獨(dú)診斷(Z分別為5.505、5.400、2.098,P<0.05),見圖1、表5。
3 討論
3.1 circRNA與DR的關(guān)系 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)circRNA在視網(wǎng)膜中差異表達(dá)對(duì)DR的進(jìn)展有重要影響,可能導(dǎo)致血管功能障礙和(或)促進(jìn)新血管的形成,參與DR病變過程[9]。如circRNA-001209在視網(wǎng)膜過表達(dá),通過“海綿”吸附miR-15b-5p來間接調(diào)節(jié)膠原十二型α1鏈(COL12A1)表達(dá),導(dǎo)致視網(wǎng)膜血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖、遷移以及新生血管形成[10]。circRNA-0002570通過靶向miR-1243上調(diào)血管生成素表達(dá),介導(dǎo)高糖誘導(dǎo)的視網(wǎng)膜血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能障礙[11]。
3.2 circRNA-ZNF532與DR的關(guān)系 ZNF532是一個(gè)潛在的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)因子,可選擇性結(jié)合靶RNA/DNA,調(diào)控細(xì)胞分化、胚胎發(fā)育等生命過程,對(duì)基因調(diào)控起重要作用[12]。Jiang等[5]在糖尿病小鼠視網(wǎng)膜血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞中首次檢測(cè)到circRNA-ZNF532,發(fā)現(xiàn)在高糖刺激下circRNA-ZNF532在視網(wǎng)膜血管周細(xì)胞中特異性表達(dá)增高,并調(diào)控血管周細(xì)胞功能。本研究檢測(cè)到DR患者外周血清中circRNA-ZNF532表達(dá)較對(duì)照組增高。研究顯示周細(xì)胞位于血管內(nèi)皮和基板之間,可調(diào)節(jié)血管張力和灌注壓,在血管成熟、穩(wěn)態(tài)和重塑中起到關(guān)鍵作用,周細(xì)胞凋亡可打破周細(xì)胞與內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞之間的緊密連接,導(dǎo)致血視網(wǎng)膜屏障的破壞,血管通透性增加,新生血管形成和炎癥反應(yīng)。研究顯示DR患者視力喪失主要?dú)w因于視網(wǎng)膜血管周細(xì)胞變性、高通透性、低灌注和血管新生[13]。circRNA-ZNF532在周細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞質(zhì)中表達(dá),高糖、氧化應(yīng)激或炎癥刺激下其表達(dá)上調(diào),負(fù)向調(diào)控miR-20b-5p表達(dá),當(dāng)miR-20b-5p表達(dá)下調(diào)后其下游靶點(diǎn)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)子和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活子3(STAT3)激活,啟動(dòng)炎癥反應(yīng),促使高糖條件下細(xì)胞中IL-1β、IL-18、TNF-α、IL-6合成以及NLRP3炎癥小體激活,降低視網(wǎng)膜血管周細(xì)胞活力,影響周細(xì)胞與內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞之間相互作用,破壞視網(wǎng)膜血管屏障功能[14]。circRNA-ZNF532還可作為miR-1243的海綿間接上調(diào)miR-1243靶基因——共激活因子相關(guān)的精氨酸甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶1(CARM1)表達(dá),誘導(dǎo)促炎細(xì)胞因子釋放,導(dǎo)致視網(wǎng)膜血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷和功能障礙[15]。
3.3 circRNA-HIPK3與DR的關(guān)系 circRNA-HIPK3是一種多功能circRNA,起源于HIPK3基因外顯子2,主要通過吸附不同的miRNA參與調(diào)控細(xì)胞凋亡、增殖、遷移和血管生成[16]。circRNA-HIPK3與白內(nèi)障也存在密切關(guān)系,circRNA-HIPK3通過充當(dāng)miR-193a的“海綿”,抑制miR-193a表達(dá),上調(diào)αA-晶體蛋白(CRYAA)表達(dá),增加晶狀體上皮細(xì)胞的活力和增殖,在白內(nèi)障組織中circRNA-HIPK3表達(dá)下調(diào),導(dǎo)致miR-193a/CRYAA軸激活,進(jìn)而加速氧化應(yīng)激下細(xì)胞凋亡,降低人晶狀體上皮細(xì)胞的活力并抑制其增殖[17]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)DR患者血清中circRNA-HIPK3表達(dá)增加,circRNA-HIPK3高表達(dá)是DR的危險(xiǎn)因素,推測(cè)circRNA-HIPK3可能調(diào)節(jié)糖尿病相關(guān)視網(wǎng)膜血管功能。其機(jī)制可能為,在高血糖介導(dǎo)的氧化應(yīng)激和炎癥刺激下轉(zhuǎn)錄因子c-myb激活,繼而上調(diào)circRNA-HIPK3表達(dá),circRNA-HIPK3作為miR-30a-3p“海綿”,其過表達(dá)抑制miR-30a-3p表達(dá),上調(diào)視網(wǎng)膜中VEGF、IL-2、IL-3、單核細(xì)胞趨化蛋白1(MCP-1)和TNF-α表達(dá),降低血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞活力,抑制其增殖和遷移,加劇糖尿病誘導(dǎo)的視網(wǎng)膜血管功能障礙[18]。本研究相關(guān)性分析也顯示circRNA-HIPK3表達(dá)與VEGF、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平均呈正相關(guān),表明circRNA-HIPK3過表達(dá)可能與炎癥反應(yīng)和血管形成有關(guān)。
3.4 circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3對(duì)DR的診斷價(jià)值 ROC分析結(jié)果顯示聯(lián)合circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3和VEGF后診斷DR具有較高價(jià)值,表明通過三者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)可為DR輔助診斷、病情評(píng)估提供更可靠的信息和參考,抑或?yàn)槲磥鞤R治療提供新的靶點(diǎn)和方向。
綜上,DR患者外周血清中circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3表達(dá)均顯著上調(diào),且兩者高表達(dá)與DR發(fā)生有關(guān),可作為DR輔助診斷和病情分析的潛在指標(biāo)。circRNA-ZNF532、circRNA-HIPK3可能參與DR視網(wǎng)膜血管功能障礙調(diào)控過程,有望成為DR未來治療的潛在靶點(diǎn)。
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(2023-01-17收稿 2023-04-22修回)
(本文編輯 李鵬)