国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

不同產(chǎn)區(qū)玉露香梨果實品質(zhì)特性綜合分析

2023-11-21 16:44:39謝鵬蔚露王紅寧林琭牛自勉
果樹學(xué)報 2023年11期
關(guān)鍵詞:產(chǎn)區(qū)品質(zhì)

謝鵬 蔚露 王紅寧 林琭 牛自勉

摘? ? 要:【目的】對比不同產(chǎn)區(qū)玉露香梨的品質(zhì)差異,探討地理氣候條件對玉露香梨品質(zhì)的影響,為優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)區(qū)的劃分提供依據(jù)?!痉椒ā窟x取山西隰縣、汾西縣、芮城縣,北京海淀區(qū),新疆農(nóng)33團共5個產(chǎn)區(qū)的玉露香梨為試驗材料,測定果皮[色度、花色苷含量、葉綠素含量等]以及果肉[硬度、可溶性固形物含量(SSC)、總可溶性糖含量(TSSC)、可滴定酸含量(TAC)等]的品質(zhì)指標,并進行相關(guān)分析?!窘Y(jié)果】(1)山西隰縣、汾西縣及新疆農(nóng)33團3個產(chǎn)區(qū)海拔較高、晝夜溫差較大,玉露香梨的果皮花色苷含量、果肉SSC及TSSC均顯著高于低海拔產(chǎn)區(qū)山西芮城縣及北京海淀區(qū);而果皮葉綠素含量則顯著低于低海拔產(chǎn)區(qū)。(2)通過對玉露香梨品質(zhì)指標的聚類分析與主成分分析,產(chǎn)區(qū)劃分結(jié)果與上述測評結(jié)果基本一致?!窘Y(jié)論】當我國玉露香梨北方產(chǎn)區(qū)所在地海拔900~1100 m、晝夜溫差13~15 ℃時,其優(yōu)良品質(zhì)特征能得到充分體現(xiàn),研究結(jié)果可為我國玉露香梨產(chǎn)區(qū)優(yōu)化布局提供重要參考。

關(guān)鍵詞:梨;玉露香;產(chǎn)區(qū);品質(zhì)

中圖分類號:S661.2 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1009-9980(2023)11-2371-10

Comprehensive analysis on the fruit quality of Yuluxiang pear in different production areas

XIE Peng1, YU Lu1, WANG Hongning2, LIN Lu1, NIU Zimian1*

(1College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China; 2Institute of Pomology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China)

Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to determine the suitability of geological locations and climatic conditions for production of Yuluxiang pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehder ‘Yuluxiang) with excellent fruit quality, we measured the fruit quality components such as fruit color, contents of anthocyanin and chlorophyll, firmness, soluble solid content (SSC), total soluble sugar content (TSSC) and titratable acid content (TAC) of Yuluxiang fruit from five locations with different geographical and climatic conditions in northern China. 【Methods】 The five locations for Yuluxiang pear production included Xi County, Fenxi County and Ruicheng County in Shanxi Province, Haidian District in Beijing and the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment in Xinjiang were selected as experimental sites. A representative orchard in each of these sites was then selected for the experiment from 2020 to 2022. Climatic and geographical conditions including average altitude, average annual temperature, average diurnal temperature difference during the fruit color development, average annual sunshine duration and frost-free period were investigated in each of these orchards. The experimental Yuluxiang pear trees in each of these orchards were 8 to 10 years old and the tree canopy was in the free-spindle shape. All the orchards were with loam soil and manual fertilizer applied annually in the fall, and managed under the common production practice. There were 3 trees in the experimental unit in each orchard. Four representative fruit at harvest maturity were collected at a height of 1.0-2.5 m in the outer canopy from each of the trees to measure the fruit quality components. The experiment was replicated 3 times in each orchard. Fruit color was measured using the photoshop CS6 to read the Lab color degree (L*, a*, b*) on the fruit photograph and the h°= arccot (a*/b*)×180/π was used for the hue. Anthocyanin in the fruit peel was extracted using the HCl method and chlorophylls were extracted in 80% acetone. Ratio of the anthocyanin content to chlorophyll content was then determined. Fruit firmness in the flesh was determined using a FT327 pressure tester and the soluble solid content was measured with a PAL-1 reflectormeter. Total soluble sugar content and titratable acid content were determined using the anthrone colorimetry and the acid-base titration methods, respectively. Ratio of the sugar to acid was then calculated. Statistical software DPS7.05 was used for ANOVA, regression, cluster, and principal component analyses of the resulting data. 【Results】 Compared to those from Ruicheng County and Haidian District orchards, pear fruits from Xi County, Fenxi County and the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment orchards looked more shiny with greater redness and yellowness in the surface, and in addition, the fruit anthocyanin contents were over 2-fold higher and the chlorophyll contents were 12%-21% lower. The fruit firmness from the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment was the highest among those from all the five experimental orchards. The soluble solid content of fruit from the five experimental orchards were in the following order: the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment (14.4%)>Fenxi County (12.2%)>Xi County (12.1%)>Ruicheng County (10.9%)>Haidian District (10.6%). Total soluble sugar content of fruit from the 5 experimental orchards was in the order of the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment (12.2 g·100 g-1)>Xi County (10.4 g·100 g-1)>Fenxi County (10.3 g·100 g-1)>Ruicheng County (9.1 g·100 g-1)>Haidian District (8.6 g·100 g-1). Fruit titratable acid content from the Xi County and Fenxi County orchards were 7%-10% greater than those from the rest of the orchards. The fruit redness was positively correlated with the altitude of the orchard-site, average diurnal temperature difference during the fruit color development, and average annual temperature. Fruit SSC or TSSC were positively correlated with the average diurnal temperature difference during the fruit-color development and average annual sunshine duration. Cluster analysis revealed that fruits from Xi County and Fenxi County orchards were in the same cluster with greater level of SSC, TSSC and TAC, and reduced firmness. Fruits from the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment orchards were also in the same cluster but with less TAC. Fruits from orchards in Ruicheng County and Haidian District were in the same cluster with lower level of SSC and TSSC. 【Conclusion】 When the average altitude of the production orchard was in the range of 900-1100 m, and the average diurnal temperature difference was from 13 to 15 ℃, the excellent fruit quality of Yuluxiang pear was fully reached, whereas in the orchards with an average altitude below 400 m above sea-level, it was not suitable for production of this pear cultivar. Therefore, geographical and climatic conditions determined the suitability of the production of high-quality Yuluxiang pear.

Key words: Pear; Yuluxiang; Production area; Quality

收稿日期:2023-05-16 接受日期:2023-08-18

基金項目:中央引導(dǎo)地方科技發(fā)展資金項目(YDZJSX2021C022);國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2020YFD1000202);山西省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(2023CYJSTX07-08)

作者簡介:謝鵬,男,助理研究員,碩士,主要從事果樹生理生化研究工作。Tel:18035198586,E-mail:peng_xie_qd@126.com

*通信作者Author for correspondence. Tel:15333666970,E-mail:zmniu@126.com

玉露香(Pyrus bretschneideri ‘Yuluxiang)為山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)(山西省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院)選育審定的優(yōu)良中晚熟梨新品種,近年來在山西、河北、新疆等地栽培面積逐年擴大,逐步成為現(xiàn)代梨果產(chǎn)業(yè)布局和品種更新的主導(dǎo)品種[1]。各地研究結(jié)果表明,一方面,標準的玉露香梨果實具有果皮薄、肉質(zhì)細膩、口感甜香、品質(zhì)優(yōu)良[2]等特點,受到了國內(nèi)外水果市場的普遍認可;另一方面,該品種的樹體生長和果實發(fā)育易受產(chǎn)地栽培技術(shù)、環(huán)境條件及氣候因素的影響,導(dǎo)致不同產(chǎn)區(qū)生產(chǎn)的果實質(zhì)量參差不齊,一定程度上影響了新品種的標準化生產(chǎn)和市場營銷,成為該品種推廣應(yīng)用的限制因子。因此,探明影響玉露香梨果實品質(zhì)發(fā)育的主要氣候環(huán)境條件,建立以優(yōu)質(zhì)生產(chǎn)為目的的標準化栽培技術(shù)模式和品質(zhì)評價體系,是目前我國玉露香梨優(yōu)質(zhì)高效生產(chǎn)面臨的主要研究任務(wù)。

為了提高玉露香梨果實品質(zhì),近年來我國主要產(chǎn)區(qū)在引種栽培的同時進行了早果豐產(chǎn)及果實品質(zhì)的相關(guān)研究。結(jié)果表明,在栽培技術(shù)措施中,玉露香梨的品質(zhì)發(fā)育受樹形模式與果園光照影響較大,通過梨樹高光效樹形模式優(yōu)化及整形修剪技術(shù)改進,改善了玉露香梨葉幕微區(qū)光環(huán)境和果園群體光環(huán)境的光能利用特性[3-4],提高了葉幕光合速率[5-6],進而改善了果實著色和內(nèi)在風味品質(zhì)[7-8]。同時,為了進一步改善果實品質(zhì),近年來通過玉露香梨幼果脫萼劑型優(yōu)化[9-10]、果袋類型篩選[11]、土壤施肥方法[12-13]、灌溉方式選擇[14-15]及果品冰點貯藏[16-17]等技術(shù)的研究應(yīng)用,從不同技術(shù)層面改善了梨果品質(zhì),為玉露香梨優(yōu)質(zhì)生產(chǎn)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

產(chǎn)地環(huán)境與氣候條件也是影響玉露香梨果實品質(zhì)發(fā)育的重要方面?,F(xiàn)有研究表明,由于產(chǎn)地環(huán)境、氣候條件的不同,不同產(chǎn)區(qū)引種栽培后果實的果面著色、果皮厚度、果肉可溶性固形物含量等質(zhì)量指標差異較大[18-20],形成了玉露香梨優(yōu)質(zhì)果實栽培區(qū)和品質(zhì)欠佳栽培區(qū),并長期地、持續(xù)地影響著果實品質(zhì)發(fā)育。為此,筆者以我國北方玉露香梨幾個代表性產(chǎn)區(qū)為試驗基地,分析了不同產(chǎn)區(qū)的海拔、晝夜溫差、年均溫度、年降水量等環(huán)境氣候因子對果實品質(zhì)發(fā)育的影響,以期為我國玉露香梨優(yōu)質(zhì)高效產(chǎn)區(qū)規(guī)劃提供理論依據(jù)。

1 材料和方法

1.1 試驗地與材料

于2020—2022年玉露香梨果實成熟期,分別從表1所示的5個產(chǎn)區(qū)定點試驗果園采集果實樣品。試驗樹為自由紡錘形,樹齡8~10年,采集位置為距離地面高度1.0~2.5 m、距離葉幕外圍水平距離0~0.5 cm。3株試驗樹為一個小區(qū),3次重復(fù),每小區(qū)采果12個,每株果樹分別從樹冠東西南北4個方位隨機采果,小區(qū)中每一方位采集果實3個。試驗果實的坐果部位為2年生短果枝,其結(jié)果母枝為45~60 cm的長果枝,枝齡3~4年。各地調(diào)查果園質(zhì)地為壤砂土,每年秋季施用生物有機肥,地面全園自然生草,土壤肥力中等。

1.2 測定指標與方法

1.2.1 果色指標 拍攝果實照片并用photoshopCS6拾色器采集顏色信息,參考Iglesias等[21]的方法,讀取Lab色度值(L*、a*、b*),通過h°=arccot(a*/b*)×180/π計算色度角并作色相示意圖。參照仝月澳等[22]的方法測定花色苷和葉綠素含量(以鮮質(zhì)量計),并計算花色苷含量/葉綠素含量。

1.2.2 果肉品質(zhì)指標 各指標取果實陰陽面均值。使用FT327硬度計測定硬度;使用PAL-1折光儀測定可溶性固形物含量(SSC);采用蒽酮比色法[23]測定總可溶性糖含量(TSSC);采用酸堿滴定法[24]測定可滴定酸含量(TAC);糖酸比=TSSC×10/TAC。

1.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)分析 采用Excel 2019整理試驗數(shù)據(jù)并作圖,采用DPS7.05統(tǒng)計軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行方差分析、相關(guān)性分析、聚類分析和主成分分析。

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 不同產(chǎn)區(qū)玉露香梨果色指標比較

由圖1可知,隰縣、汾西縣、農(nóng)33團玉露香梨果皮L*分別為59、58、59,其中隰縣與農(nóng)33團顯著高于芮城縣與海淀區(qū)(二者均為55);能體現(xiàn)紅色程度的a*在隰縣、汾西縣、農(nóng)33團分別為-0.38、0.27、0.45,顯著高于芮城縣(-4.50)與海淀區(qū)(-2.56);與黃色程度相關(guān)的b*由高到低為隰縣(52)、汾西縣(50)、農(nóng)33團(48)、海淀區(qū)(48)、芮城縣(45)(圖1-A);色度角h°在88°~95°,均處于色相圖的黃色區(qū)域,其中芮城縣(94.53°)與海淀區(qū)(92.98°)偏綠,而隰縣(90.16°)、汾西縣(88.89°)、農(nóng)33團(88.86°)則偏紅(圖1-B)。因此,隰縣、汾西縣、農(nóng)33團3個產(chǎn)區(qū)的玉露香梨果面偏亮,且紅色與黃色較明顯;而芮城縣與海淀區(qū)則偏暗偏綠。

果皮花色苷含量(w,后同)由高到低依次為隰縣(10.83 μg·g-1)、汾西縣(9.98 μg·g-1)、農(nóng)33團(9.21 μg·g-1)、芮城縣(5.22 μg·g-1)、海淀區(qū)(3.38 μg·g-1),且兩兩呈顯著差異(圖1-C)。由圖1-D可知,隰縣、汾西縣、農(nóng)33團的果皮葉綠素含量分別為70.63、72.66、71.76 μg·g-1,顯著低于芮城縣(83.01 μg·g-1)與海淀區(qū)(89.46 μg·g-1)。果皮花色苷含量/葉綠素含量也是隰縣(0.15)、汾西縣(0.14)、農(nóng)33團(0.13)顯著高于芮城縣(0.06)與海淀區(qū)(0.04)(圖1-E)。

2.2 不同產(chǎn)區(qū)玉露香梨果肉品質(zhì)指標比較

由圖2可知,農(nóng)33團的玉露香梨果肉硬度(8.0 kg·cm-2)最高,顯著高于其他產(chǎn)區(qū),其次為海淀區(qū)(7.6 kg·cm-2),顯著高于剩余3個產(chǎn)區(qū)(均為7.2 kg·cm-2)(圖2-A)。農(nóng)33團的SSC(14.4%)與TSSC(12.2 g·100 g-1)最高,顯著高于隰縣與汾西縣,這二者又顯著高于芮城縣與海淀區(qū)(圖2-B~C)。由圖2-D可知,隰縣(0.821 g·kg-1)與汾西縣(0.823 g·kg-1)玉露香梨果肉TAC顯著高于其他3個產(chǎn)區(qū)(0.746~0.768 g·kg-1)。糖酸比由高到低依次為農(nóng)33團(164)、隰縣(127)、汾西縣(125)、芮城縣(121)、海淀區(qū)(112)(圖2-E),差異顯著性與SSC和TSSC一致。

由此可知,海拔較高的隰縣與汾西縣的玉露香梨具有高可溶性固形物、高糖酸的特點,海拔較低的芮城縣與海淀區(qū)呈低可溶性固形物、低糖酸特點;而農(nóng)33團的玉露香梨則呈現(xiàn)高可溶性固形物、高糖低酸的特點,同時果肉硬度較高。

2.3 各產(chǎn)區(qū)玉露香梨品質(zhì)指標的相關(guān)性分析、聚類分析、主成分分析

對5個產(chǎn)區(qū)玉露香梨品質(zhì)指標與產(chǎn)區(qū)因子間的相關(guān)性分析(表2)可知,產(chǎn)區(qū)的平均海拔及著色期平均晝夜溫差均與果皮L*、a*、花色苷含量、花色苷含量/葉綠素含量呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān),與葉綠素含量呈負相關(guān);而年均溫與上述果色指標間的相關(guān)性則相反。著色期平均晝夜溫差與年均照時2項產(chǎn)區(qū)因子與果肉SSC及TSSC均呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)。

以上結(jié)果表明,較高的平均海拔、著色期平均晝夜溫差,以及較低的年均溫有利于果面紅暈發(fā)育;較高的著色期平均晝夜溫差以及較長的年均照時有助于果肉SSC與TSSC的積累。

通過對各產(chǎn)區(qū)玉露香梨品質(zhì)指標的聚類分析(圖3-A),發(fā)現(xiàn)隰縣與汾西縣可歸為一類,其品質(zhì)具有較低硬度、高可溶性固形物、高糖酸的特點,而后與農(nóng)33團又合為一類,特點為高可溶性固形物、高糖;與前3產(chǎn)區(qū)相比,芮城縣與海淀區(qū)則可歸為低可溶性固形物、低糖產(chǎn)區(qū)。

由圖3-B可知,分析的品質(zhì)指標可轉(zhuǎn)換為貢獻率為69.4%的第1主成分(PC1)和貢獻率為24.5%的第2主成分(PC2)。根據(jù)PC1可將5個產(chǎn)區(qū)大致分為隰縣、汾西縣、農(nóng)33團一類及芮城縣、海淀區(qū)一類;而根據(jù)PC2則可將農(nóng)33團單獨歸為一類,而其余4個產(chǎn)區(qū)近似歸為一類。因此在平面坐標系中5個產(chǎn)區(qū)可被分為3組:PC1及PC2均為正值的農(nóng)33團;PC1為正值、PC2為負值的汾西縣與隰縣;PC1為負值、PC2為正值的芮城縣與海淀區(qū)。

3 討 論

花色苷積累是梨果皮紅色產(chǎn)生的原因[25],玉露香梨為果面黃綠色、陽面有紅暈或暗紅色條紋的梨品種[26]。本研究中,5個產(chǎn)區(qū)玉露香梨果色均集中在色相圖88°~95°的黃色區(qū)間,3個高海拔產(chǎn)區(qū)的h°較低,說明果色偏紅。除了基因調(diào)節(jié)外,梨果皮中花青素的生物合成還受到環(huán)境因素和農(nóng)業(yè)措施的影響[27]。在巴西,海拔較高(1100 m)的Bahia生產(chǎn)的葡萄的花青素含量高于海拔較低(350 m)的Pernambuco[28];張曉曉等[29]對不同種植地區(qū)藍莓的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),果實中總花色苷含量與海拔呈顯著正相關(guān),均與本研究中產(chǎn)區(qū)海拔與玉露香梨a*及花色苷含量呈顯著正相關(guān)的結(jié)果相似。低溫誘導(dǎo)花青素合成,而高溫則會抑制[30]。且在一定范圍內(nèi),日溫越高,光合越強,夜溫越低,呼吸消耗越少,從而積累更多碳水化合物,為次生代謝產(chǎn)物的合成提供了必要能源和前體物質(zhì)[31]。本研究中產(chǎn)區(qū)年均溫與玉露香梨紅色著色及花色苷含量呈顯著負相關(guān),而著色期平均晝夜溫差與果肉SSC及TSSC含量均呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān),可能是上述機制的體現(xiàn)。一般來說,海拔高、紫外線強度高,一年中平均氣溫適中,晝夜溫差大,利于紅皮梨果皮著色[32]。因此,本研究中不同產(chǎn)區(qū)玉露香梨果皮花色苷積累及紅暈形成的差異可能是多種環(huán)境因素共同作用的結(jié)果。

YIN等[33]對葡萄的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),高海拔與行間朝向引起的中尺度與小尺度的氣候變化不僅可以影響花色苷的合成,同時也能影響果實中蔗糖的代謝。以往的研究中梨果實品質(zhì)評價的指標通常包括單果質(zhì)量、果形指數(shù)、硬度,以及可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、有機酸、維生素C、多酚、黃酮、揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)含量等[34-36],筆者的研究則主要以可溶性固形物和總可溶性糖含量作為評價梨果實品質(zhì)的主要指標。以往關(guān)于不同產(chǎn)地梨果實SSC及TSSC含量的研究,除了玉露香梨[37]外,還有庫爾勒香梨[38]、砂梨[39]等,結(jié)果不盡相同。筆者研究發(fā)現(xiàn),高海拔產(chǎn)區(qū)隰縣、汾西縣、農(nóng)33團的玉露香梨果肉SSC、TSSC含量較高,而低海拔產(chǎn)區(qū)芮城縣與海淀區(qū)較低。海拔與果肉SSC、TSSC含量間均未呈現(xiàn)出顯著的相關(guān)性,但若在計算相關(guān)系數(shù)時不包含農(nóng)33團的數(shù)據(jù),則相關(guān)系數(shù)分別可達0.963 4與0.984 4,均具有顯著的正相關(guān)性(數(shù)據(jù)未發(fā)表)。白天植物以光合作用為主,溫度高有利于果實積累更多的有機物質(zhì),而夜間植物以呼吸作用為主,溫度降低可以減少物質(zhì)的消耗,有利于干物質(zhì)積累[40],這一機制可以通過本研究中著色期平均晝夜溫差分別與果肉SSC、TSSC含量呈顯著與極顯著正相關(guān)體現(xiàn)出來。光照可促進葉片光合產(chǎn)物向果實的輸入和分配,從而提高果實可溶性固形物含量[41],本研究中年均照時與玉露香梨果肉SSC、TSSC含量呈顯著正相關(guān)可能與這一機制有關(guān)。以往研究也表明,產(chǎn)地氣溫日較差及年日照時數(shù)均與蘋果梨含糖量呈冪函數(shù)正相關(guān)[42]。

果面色澤是果實外觀的重要體現(xiàn),對果實的商品價值和市場競爭力具有重要的意義[43]。結(jié)合果肉及果色指標對不同玉露香梨產(chǎn)區(qū)進行區(qū)劃的研究在國內(nèi)尚未見報道。筆者根據(jù)玉露香梨關(guān)鍵品質(zhì)指標SSC與TSSC含量,參考果色指標,并結(jié)合數(shù)理統(tǒng)計分析,將本研究中5個產(chǎn)區(qū)大致分為2類:海拔900~1100 m,著色期晝夜溫差13~15 ℃,果實品質(zhì)特點為高可溶性固形物及高糖的隰縣、汾西縣、農(nóng)33團,其中農(nóng)33團又可歸為硬度與可溶性固形物和糖含量更高的一個亞類;另一類是海拔400 m以下,可溶性固形物及糖含量相對較低的芮城縣與海淀區(qū)。

4 結(jié) 論

對我國北方5個不同產(chǎn)區(qū)玉露香梨果實品質(zhì)的綜合分析表明,在果園海拔900~1100 m、著色期晝夜溫差13~15 ℃時,玉露香梨的果面紅暈及果實可溶性固形物與糖含量較高,綜合品質(zhì)優(yōu)良,在本研究中可劃分為優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)區(qū);而在海拔400 m以下產(chǎn)區(qū)果實綜合品質(zhì)得不到充分體現(xiàn),可劃分為品質(zhì)相對欠佳產(chǎn)區(qū)。因此,探討果園地理和氣候因子與果實品質(zhì)的關(guān)系,對玉露香梨新品種適地栽培有重要意義。

參考文獻 References:

[1] 蔚露,趙旗峰,李六林,張建成,杜俊杰,牛自勉. 2020年山西省水果優(yōu)質(zhì)高效生產(chǎn)主推技術(shù)[J]. 果樹資源學(xué)報,2020,1(6):52-56.

YU Lu,ZHAO Qifeng,LI Liulin,ZHANG Jiancheng,DU Junjie,NIU Zimian. Major cultivation techniques suitable for fruit high quantity and efficiency production in Shanxi Province in 2020[J]. Journal of Fruit Resources,2020,1(6):52-56.

[2] 郭黃萍,李曉梅,張建功. 優(yōu)質(zhì)中熟紅梨新品種“玉露香”(暫定名)[J]. 山西果樹,2001,1(1):3-4.

GUO Huangping,LI Xiaomei,ZHANG Jiangong. A new high quality medium mature red pear variety “Yuluxiang” (tentative name)[J]. Shanxi Fruits,2001,1(1):3-4.

[3] 蔚露,牛自勉,謝鵬,王建新. 主枝數(shù)量對開心形梨樹葉幕PPFD的影響[J]. 山西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2017,45(2):187-190.

YU Lu,NIU Zimian,XIE Peng,WANG Jianxin. Effect of main branch number on PPFD distribution of the crown of open center system pear tree[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(2):187-190.

[4] 謝鵬,蔚露,牛自勉,韓蘋蘋,李志強. 果園間伐對梨葉片葉綠素熒光特性的影響[J]. 山西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2015,43(4):407-410.

XIE Peng,YU Lu,NIU Zimian,HAN Pingping,LI Zhiqiang. Effect of tree-thinning to chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of pear leaves[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(4):407-410.

[5] 韓蘋蘋,牛自勉,林琭,蔚露,謝鵬. 果園間伐對玉露香梨光合特性的影響[J]. 山西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2016,44(6):737-740.

HAN Pingping,NIU Zimian,LIN Lu,YU Lu,XIE Peng. Effect of orchard thinning to photosynthetic characteristics of Yuluxiang pear[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(6):737-740.

[6] 蔚露,牛自勉,林琭,姜闖道,王紅寧,謝鵬,李志強,郭晉鳴. 小冠開心形和細型主干形‘玉露香梨光能截獲與光合作用差異[J]. 園藝學(xué)報,2020,47(1):11-22.

YU Lu,NIU Zimian,LIN Lu,JIANG Chuangdao,WANG Hongning,XIE Peng,LI Zhiqiang,GUO Jinming. Effect of tree-shape of ‘Yuluxiang pear on light energy interception and photosynthetic characteristics[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2020,47(1):11-22.

[7] 林琭,蔚露,王紅寧,牛自勉,謝鵬. 冠層結(jié)構(gòu)對梨葉片光合特性及果實品質(zhì)的影響[J]. 西北植物學(xué)報,2020,40(7):1180-1191.

LIN Lu,YU Lu,WANG Hongning,NIU Zimian,XIE Peng. Effect of canopy structure on foliar photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of pears[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2020,40(7):1180-1191.

[8] 蔚露,牛自勉,林琭,李全,王紅寧,李鴻雁. 樹形結(jié)構(gòu)對玉露香梨早期產(chǎn)量及果實品質(zhì)的影響[J]. 山西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2018,46(11):1838-1841.

YU Lu,NIU Zimian,LIN Lu,LI Quan,WANG Hongning,LI Hongyan. Effect of tree form on early yield and fruit quality of Yuluxiang pear[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(11):1838-1841.

[9] 蘇艷麗,李配,楊健,王龍,王蘇珂,張向展,薛華柏. 不同脫萼處理對庫爾勒香梨果實脫萼率和果實品質(zhì)的影響[J]. 經(jīng)濟林研究,2023,41(1):36-44.

SU Yanli,LI Pei,YANG Jian,WANG Long,WANG Suke,ZHANG Xiangzhan,XUE Huabai. Effects of different calyx removal treatments on calyx removal rate and fruit quality of Korla pear[J]. Non-Wood Forest Research,2023,41(1):36-44.

[10] 陳燕,張倩,董玉忠,陶書田,張?zhí)煺ㄆ? 乙烯利對‘庫爾勒香梨和‘新梨7號脫萼率及果實品質(zhì)的影響[J]. 河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報,2020,54(6):949-955.

CHEN Yan,ZHANG Qian,DONG Yuzhong,TAO Shutian,ZHANG Tianzheng,BAO Jianping. Effects of ethephon on the rate of calyx-abscission and fruit quality of ‘Korla Fragrant Pear and ‘Xinli No. 7[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2020,54(6):949-955.

[11] 任小云,王俊娜,陳圓圓,李六林. 果袋類型及摘袋時期對玉露香梨果實著色的影響[J]. 山西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2017,45(9):1462-1465.

REN Xiaoyun,WANG Junna,CHEN Yuanyuan,LI Liulin. Effects of bag types and different debagging dates on fruit pigmentation of Yuluxiang pear[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(9):1462-1465.

[12] 張曉偉,白牡丹,高鵬,郝國偉,楊盛,郭黃萍. 施肥對‘玉露香梨不同時期根部和葉片中氮磷鉀元素積累的影響[J]. 農(nóng)學(xué)學(xué)報,2019,9(5):55-61.

ZHANG Xiaowei,BAI Mudan,GAO Peng,HAO Guowei,YANG Sheng,GUO Huangping. Effects of fertilization on nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation in roots and leaves of‘Yuluxiang pear during different growing stages[J]. Journal of Agriculture,2019,9(5):55-61.

[13] 郝國偉,白牡丹,高鵬,楊盛,張曉偉,郭黃萍,李六林. 氮、磷、鉀配比施肥對玉露香梨果實品質(zhì)的影響[J]. 山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版),2017,37(1):23-27.

HAO Guowei,BAI Mudan,GAO Peng,YANG Sheng,ZHANG Xiaowei,GUO Huangping,LI Liulin. Effects of N,P and K proportioning fertilization of on the quality of Chinese pear ‘Yuluxiangli[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition),2017,37(1):23-27.

[14] 王蕓蕓,續(xù)海紅,郭華,何美美,石美娟,竇彥鑫,楊凱. 不同滴灌水平對玉露香梨品質(zhì)、質(zhì)地特性及產(chǎn)量的影響[J]. 黑龍江農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2022(2):48-52.

WANG Yunyun,XU Haihong,GUO Hua,HE Meimei,SHI Meijuan,DOU Yanxin,YANG Kai. Effects of different drip irrigation levels on quality,texture and yield of Yuluxiang pear[J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2022(2):48-52.

[15] 楊凱,劉艷武,竇彥鑫,石美娟,郭華. 不同覆蓋集雨措施對旱地玉露香梨品質(zhì)的影響及綜合評價[J]. 果樹資源學(xué)報,2020,1(6):35-40.

YANG Kai,LIU Yanwu,DOU Yanxin,SHI Meijuan,GUO Hua. Comprehensive evaluation of effects of different rain covering measures on quality of Yuluxiang pear under dry farming[J]. Journal of Fruit Resources,2020,1(6):35-40.

[16] 呂英忠,劉剛,梁志宏,李小平,趙雪輝. 不同貯藏溫度對玉露香梨采后生理和貯藏品質(zhì)的影響[J]. 保鮮與加工,2014,14(5):14-19.

L? Yingzhong,LIU Gang,LIANG Zhihong,LI Xiaoping,ZHAO Xuehui. Effects of different storage temperatures on post-harvest physiology and storage quality of Yuluxiang pear[J]. Storage and Process,2014,14(5):14-19.

[17] 趙迎麗,張微,王亮,張曉宇,陳會燕,張立新. 冰溫貯藏對玉露香梨果實揮發(fā)性有機物的影響[J]. 食品研究與開發(fā),2022,43(9):15-22.

ZHAO Yingli,ZHANG Wei,WANG Liang,ZHANG Xiaoyu,CHEN Huiyan,ZHANG Lixin. Effect of ice-temperature storage on volatile organic compounds of Yuluxiang pears[J]. Food Research and Development,2022,43(9):15-22.

[18] 宋潤科,韓超,丁鵬遠,平慧芳. 玉露香梨在中國的引種表現(xiàn)及研究進展[J]. 農(nóng)業(yè)與技術(shù),2021,41(15):98-101.

SONG Runke,HAN Chao,DING Pengyuan,PING Huifang. Introduction performance and research progress of Yuluxiang pear in China[J]. Agriculture and Technology,2021,41(15):98-101.

[19] 張守仕,黃海帆,喬寶營,孫文英,朱運欽,薛麗豐. ‘玉露香梨在鄭州的引種表現(xiàn)及栽培技術(shù)[J]. 煙臺果樹,2020(1):29-31.

ZHANG Shoushi,HUANG Haifan,QIAO Baoying,SUN Wen

ying,ZHU Yunqin,XUE Lifeng. Introduction performance and cultivation techniques of ‘Yuluxiang pear in Zhengzhou[J]. Yantai Fruits,2020(1):29-31.

[20] 馮學(xué)梅,梁玉文,李阿波,黃岳. 玉露香梨在寧夏的引種表現(xiàn)及栽培技術(shù)[J]. 寧夏農(nóng)林科技,2018,59(8):18-19.

FENG Xuemei,LIANG Yuwen,LI Abo,HUANG Yue. Introduction and cultivation techniques of Yuluxiang pear in Ningxia[J]. Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology,2018,59(8):18-19.

[21] IGLESIAS I,ECHEVERR?A G,SORIA Y. Differences in fruit colour development,anthocyanin content,fruit quality and consumer acceptability of eight ‘Gala apple strains[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2008,119(1):32-40.

[22] 仝月澳,周厚基. 果樹營養(yǎng)診斷法[M]. 北京:農(nóng)業(yè)出版社,1982:133-150.

TONG Yueao,ZHOU Houji. Fruit tree nutrition diagnosis methods[M]. Beijing:Agricultural Publishing House,1982:133-150.

[23] 王國英,張玉星,張啟航. 配方施肥對‘新梨7號果實品質(zhì)及樹體營養(yǎng)狀況的影響[J]. 果樹學(xué)報,2018,35(S1):97-100.

WANG Guoying,ZHANG Yuxing,ZHANG Qihang. Effect of formulated fertilization on fruit quality and tree nutritional status in‘Xinli No. 7 pears[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2018,35(S1):97-100.

[24] 賈曉輝,王文輝,姜云斌,杜艷民,王志華,佟偉. 不同貯藏溫度對‘玉露香梨果實保綠效果和品質(zhì)維持的影響[J]. 果樹學(xué)報,2016,33(S1):166-174.

JIA Xiaohui,WANG Wenhui,JIANG Yunbin,DU Yanmin,WANG Zhihua,TONG Wei. Effects of storage temperature on green keeping and quality of ‘Yuluxiang pear[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(S1):166-174.

[25] ZHU Y F,SU J,YAO G F,LIU H N,GU C,QIN M F,BAI B,CAI S S,WANG G M,WANG R Z,SHU Q,WU J. Different light-response patterns of coloration and related gene expression in red pears(Pyrus L.)[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2018,229:240-251.

[26] 郭黃萍,郝國偉,張曉偉,楊盛,王璐. 玉露香梨優(yōu)質(zhì)豐產(chǎn)栽培及貯藏保鮮技術(shù)[J]. 河北果樹,2011(5):17-18.

GUO Huangping,HAO Guowei,ZHANG Xiaowei,YANG Sheng,WANG Lu. High-quality and high-yield cultivation and storage and preservation techniques of Yuluxiang pear[J]. Hebei Fruits,2011(5):17-18.

[27] ZHANG D,YU B,BAI J H,QIAN M J,SHU Q,SU J,TENG Y W. Effects of high temperatures on UV-B/visible irradiation induced postharvest anthocyanin accumulation in ‘Yunhongli No. 1 (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) pears[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2012,134:53-59.

[28] DE OLIVEIRA J B,EGIPTO R,LAUREANO O,DE CASTRO R,PEREIRA G E,RICARDO-DA-SILVA J M. Climate effects on physicochemical composition of Syrah grapes at low and high altitude sites from tropical grown regions of Brazil[J]. Food Research International,2019,121:870-879.

[29] 張曉曉,黃午陽,於虹,曾其龍,柴智. 不同種植地區(qū)藍莓果中花色苷的分布[J]. 中國食品學(xué)報,2022,22(10):314-324.

ZHANG Xiaoxiao,HUANG Wuyang,YU Hong,ZENG Qilong,CHAI Zhi. The distribution of anthocyanins in blueberry fruits from different growing locations[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2022,22(10):314-324.

[30] GU K D,WANG C K,HU D G,HAO Y J. How do anthocyanins paint our horticultural products?[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2019,249:257-262.

[31] 張樂. 不同晝夜溫差對釀酒葡萄赤霞珠植株生長和果實品質(zhì)的影響及轉(zhuǎn)錄組分析[D]. 銀川:寧夏大學(xué),2022.

ZHANG Le. Effects of different diurnal amplitude on plant growth and fruit quality of Cabernet Sauvignon and transcriptome analysis[D]. Yinchuan:Ningxia University,2022.

[32] 高曉宇,鄧浪,付開強,王大瑋,秦秀蘭,李德龍,羅萬德,周軍. ‘巍山紅雪梨和‘美人酥葉綠素、花色苷和類黃酮的動態(tài)變化分析[J]. 果樹學(xué)報,2016,33(S1):83-89.

GAO Xiaoyu,DENG Lang,F(xiàn)U Kaiqiang,WANG Dawei,QIN Xiulan,LI Delong,LUO Wande,ZHOU Jun. Dynamic changes in chlorophylls,anthocyanins and flavonoids in ‘Weishanhongxueli and ‘Meirensu (Pyrus pyrifolia) fruits[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(S1):83-89.

[33] YIN H N,WANG Z X,WANG L,CAO J H,WANG J K,XI Z M. Effects of mesoclimate and microclimate variations mediated by high altitude and row orientation on sucrose metabolism and anthocyanin synthesis in grape berries[J/OL]. Horticultural Plant Journal,2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2023.03.010. DOI:10.1016/j.hpj.2023.03.010.

[34] 李龍飛,林彩霞,吐爾遜阿依·達吾提,陳月,李疆. 庫爾勒香梨雜交品種(系)果實品質(zhì)測定與綜合評價[J]. 新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報,2014,37(2):153-158.

LI Longfei,LIN Caixia,Tuerxunayi Dawuti,CHEN Yue,LI Jiang. Determination and comprehensive evaluation on fruit quality of hybrid varieties of Korla fragrant pear[J]. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2014,37(2):153-158.

[35] 郭靜,伏芳,高同雨,姜峰,李天忠,朱元娣. ‘京白梨優(yōu)質(zhì)果實的評價指標分析[J]. 中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報,2022,27(1):79-95.

GUO Jing,F(xiàn)U Fang,GAO Tongyu,JIANG Feng,LI Tianzhong,ZHU Yuandi. Analysis on evaluation index of high quality Pyrus ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili fruits[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University,2022,27(1):79-95.

[36] 張鑫楠,賈曉輝,杜艷民,王文輝,舒群. 3個紅皮砂梨品種果實品質(zhì)和香氣成分比較分析[J]. 果樹學(xué)報,2022,39(3):366-375.

ZHANG Xinnan,JIA Xiaohui,DU Yanmin,WANG Wenhui,SHU Qun. Comparation of fruit quality and aroma components among three red-skinned sand pear varieties[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2022,39(3):366-375.

[37] 史高川,段蘭虎,吳德平,付寶春,李夏媛,張吳平,張寶平. 隰縣玉露香梨成熟期分區(qū)采收區(qū)劃[J]. 果樹資源學(xué)報,2022,3(2):35-38.

SHI Gaochuan,DUAN Lanhu,WU Deping,F(xiàn)U Baochun,LI Xiayuan,ZHANG Wuping,ZHANG Baoping. Regional harvest division of Yuluxiang pear in Xi County[J]. Journal of Fruit Resources,2022,3(2):35-38.

[38] 位杰,馬建江,陳久紅,王小兵,任曉燕. 不同產(chǎn)地庫爾勒香梨果實品質(zhì)差異及綜合評價[J]. 食品科學(xué),2017,38(19):87-91.

WEI Jie,MA Jianjiang,CHEN Jiuhong,WANG Xiaobing,REN Xiaoyan. Quality differences and comprehensive evaluation of Korla fragrant pear from different habitats[J]. Food Science,2017,38(19):87-91.

[39] 陳在新,劉會寧,夏華誠,趙世元,丁紅彪. 海拔高度對砂梨生育狀況的影響[J]. 北方果樹,1999(5):3-4.

CHEN Zaixin,LIU Huining,XIA Huacheng,ZHAO Shiyuan,DING Hongbiao. Effects of altitude on growth and development of sand pear[J]. Northern Fruits,1999(5):3-4.

[40] 童盼盼,張亞若,湯蕾,張帥,徐強,王江波. 光照和溫度條件對富士蘋果糖心形成的影響[J]. 西北農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報,2020,29(4):579-586.

TONG Panpan,ZHANG Yaruo,TANG Lei,ZHANG Shuai,XU Qiang,WANG Jiangbo. Effects of light and temperature on sugar core formation of Fuji apple[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2020,29(4):579-586.

[41] 倪志婧,馬文平,宋長冰,馬海軍,王薇,魏兆軍. 光照強度對梅鹿輒葡萄品質(zhì)的影響[J]. 合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版),2020,43(10):1422-1425.

NI Zhijing,MA Wenping,SONG Changbing,MA Haijun,WANG Wei,WEI Zhaojun. Effects of light intensity on the quality of Merlot grape[J]. Journal of Hefei University of Technology (Natural Science),2020,43(10):1422-1425.

[42] 劉明春,馬鴻勇. 河西走廊蘋果梨生態(tài)氣候適應(yīng)性與區(qū)劃研究[J]. 中國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報,2003,11(2):114-116.

LIU Mingchun,MA Hongyong. Adaptability analysis of ecological climate and regional research on the apple pear in Hexi Corridor[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2003,11(2):114-116.

[43] 韋云. ‘南果梨及其紅色芽變‘南紅梨果皮著色差異機理研究[D]. 沈陽:沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué),2016.

WEI Yun. Studies on the different mechanism of pigment development in ‘Nanguo pear and‘ Nanhong pear[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2016.

猜你喜歡
產(chǎn)區(qū)品質(zhì)
各石材產(chǎn)區(qū)政府和市場積極推出應(yīng)對措施
石材(2020年4期)2020-12-31 17:57:35
澄海玩具產(chǎn)區(qū):企業(yè)差異化發(fā)展
玩具世界(2020年2期)2020-08-26 06:07:30
葡萄酒的產(chǎn)區(qū)品牌
收藏界(2019年2期)2019-10-12 08:27:04
葡萄酒的產(chǎn)區(qū)品牌(下)
收藏界(2019年3期)2019-10-10 03:16:48
葡萄酒產(chǎn)區(qū)與『風土』
收藏界(2018年1期)2018-10-10 05:23:20
新疆產(chǎn)區(qū)有機甜菜栽培技術(shù)探討
中國糖料(2016年1期)2016-12-01 06:49:04
拓展語文外延 提升核心素養(yǎng)
小學(xué)教育中轉(zhuǎn)化差生之我見
科技視界(2016年22期)2016-10-18 17:32:09
氯化鈣處理對鮮切蘿卜生理與品質(zhì)的影響
“鄞紅”、“巨峰”、“紅富士”葡萄及其雜交后代品質(zhì)分析
凉城县| 大兴区| 青神县| 中西区| 定边县| 谷城县| 新竹县| 海南省| 平山县| 克东县| 双牌县| 昆明市| 科尔| 建宁县| 桂阳县| 永仁县| 尼勒克县| 长阳| 青浦区| 古田县| 孙吴县| 宣化县| 九江县| 怀来县| 曲松县| 淅川县| 辽阳县| 靖州| 黄冈市| 凤阳县| 横山县| 枞阳县| 凉山| 纳雍县| 晋城| 高青县| 中宁县| 凌海市| 阳原县| 久治县| 石河子市|