管林華
一、Why dont you...? / Why not...?問句,意為“為什么不……?”用來表示“建議、邀請(qǐng)”等,具有肯定的意義。如:
Tom, why dontt you / why not give some flowers to your teacher?(= Tom, you should give some flowers to your teacher.)湯姆,為什么不給你老師送一些花呢?
Why dont you / Why not come a little earlier?(= You should come a little earlier.)
你為什么不早點(diǎn)兒來呢?
二、 not(+ 短暫性動(dòng)詞,如go, begin, get, come, stop, leave...)...until / (till)...表示“直到……才……、不(到)……不(沒有)……”。如:
She didnt go to bed until / till she finished her homework.
她直到完成作業(yè)才去睡覺。
【溫馨提示】
not...until / till...句型可以與after或before句型相互轉(zhuǎn)換, 這句也可改寫為:
→She didnt go to bed before she finished her homework.
→She finished her homework before she went to bed.
→She went to bed after she finished her homework.
三、否定的一般疑問句,表示說話者驚奇、喜悅、氣憤、贊嘆等情緒時(shí)(多用降調(diào)),這時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)感嘆句,不是表示疑問,具有肯定意義。如:
Look at the bird! Isnt it beautiful? 看這只鳥兒,多美??!
—Isnt he an English teacher? ——他不是英語老師?
—No, he isnt. ——對(duì)的 / 是的,他不是(英語老師)。
這種情況有時(shí)也可用來表示提出建議、看法等,也具有肯定意義。如:
Dont you think her radio is too loud?難道你不認(rèn)為她的收音機(jī)聲音太大了嗎?(相當(dāng)于I think her radio is too loud.)
四、never too...to...是too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式,構(gòu)成雙重否定,從而具有肯定意義。如:
You are never too old to learn.活到老,學(xué)到老。
五、含有雙重否定的句子。
1. cant do...without...表示“要不是……就不……、沒有……就不能……、必然”的意思。如:
Fish cant live without water.魚兒離不開水。
We cant speak English without making mistakes.我們要說英語就必然會(huì)出錯(cuò)。
2. not(never) + 含否定意義的詞。如:
We didnt miss the train at least.最后我們沒有誤車。
This is not an uncommon question.這是個(gè)普通問題。
六、含有cant 的句子。
1. cant help(v.?ing)...,表示“情不自禁……”的意思。如:
When we heard the news, we cant help laughing.
聽到這個(gè)消息,我們?nèi)滩蛔⌒α似饋怼?/p>
2. cant ...too...,表示“無論怎樣……也不過分、非常、越……越……”。如:
We cant be too strict with the students.我們對(duì)學(xué)生越嚴(yán)格越好。
I cant thank you too much.我非常感謝你(我怎樣感謝你都不為過)。
七、回答由mind(表示介意,反對(duì)含義)組成的疑問句,答句中的否定可以譯為肯定。如:
—Would you minding opening the window?——請(qǐng)你打開窗戶好嗎?
—Certainly not. ——當(dāng)然好!
八、not a little / not a few 意為“許多”,相當(dāng)于much / many,表示肯定意義。如:
Im sorry to have given you not a little trouble.對(duì)不起,我給你帶來了許多麻煩。
He has made not a few friends since he came to China.
自從他到中國以來已經(jīng)交了許多朋友。
九、由if引導(dǎo)的否定句,可以表示肯定意義。如:
Well, if it isnt beautiful.多漂亮?。。ㄏ喈?dāng)于How beautiful it is ?。?/p>
十、not only...but also...意為“不但……而且……”,表示肯定意義。如:
He is not only our teacher but also our friend.
他不僅是我們的老師,而且還是我們的朋友。
He has not only knowledge but also experience.他不但有學(xué)識(shí),而且有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
十一、含有nothing / no / nobody等否定詞與but連用的句子具有肯定意義。如:
There is nothing but a chair in the room.房間里只有一把椅子。
Nobody but Tom can do the work.只有湯姆才能做這項(xiàng)工作。
十二、cant choose but / have no choice but表示“只好、只得”。如:
It was raining hard. He couldnt choose but stay at home.
天下著大雨,他只得在家里待著。
Im afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi.恐怕我們只有乘出租車了。