摘要:目的" 探究老年血管性癡呆(VD)患者血清微小RNA(miR)-206和miR-186表達與病情嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后的相關(guān)性。方法" 選取2020年10月至2023年5月在大連市中心醫(yī)院接受治療的104例老年VD患者為VD組,104例同期體檢健康的志愿者為對照組。收集VD組和對照組基線資料;熒光定量PCR法檢測血清miR-206、miR-186表達;根據(jù)VD嚴(yán)重程度分為:輕度VD組、中度VD組、重度VD組;老年VD患者出院后隨訪6個月,根據(jù)預(yù)后情況分為:良好及中等預(yù)后組和不良預(yù)后組。比較對照組和VD組基線資料及血清miR-206、miR-186水平,不同嚴(yán)重程度老年VD患者血清miR-206、miR-186水平,良好及中等預(yù)后組和不良預(yù)后組基線資料及血清miR-206、miR-186水平;分析老年VD患者血清miR-206、miR-186水平與簡易精神狀態(tài)量表(MMSE)評分的相關(guān)性,影響老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的因素,血清miR-206、miR-186對老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的預(yù)測價值。結(jié)果" VD組糖尿病史(P=0.021)、高血壓史(P<0.001)、高脂血癥史比例(P<0.001),血清miR-206(P<0.001)、miR-186(P<0.001)水平均顯著高于對照組,日常生活能力量表評分顯著低于對照組(P<0.001);輕度、中度、重度VD組血清miR-206、miR-186水平兩兩比較差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P均<0.001),趨勢檢驗結(jié)果顯示,血清miR-206、miR-186水平在輕度、中度、重度VD組中呈顯著上升趨勢(P均<0.001);老年VD患者血清miR-206、miR-186均與MMSE評分呈負相關(guān)(P均<0.001);不良預(yù)后組MMSE評分顯著低于良好及中等預(yù)后組,血清miR-206、miR-186水平顯著高于良好及中等預(yù)后組(P均<0.001);MMSE評分是影響老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的保護因素(P=0.005),miR-206、miR-186是影響老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的危險因素(P=0.001,P=0.007);血清miR-206和miR-186二者聯(lián)合預(yù)測老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的曲線下面積為0.963,顯著高于血清miR-206、miR-186各自單獨預(yù)測的曲線下面積(0.866、0.878)(P=0.010,P=0.020)。結(jié)論" 老年VD患者血清miR-206、miR-186均呈高表達,二者與VD嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后密切相關(guān),二者聯(lián)合對評估老年VD患者的預(yù)后有較高效能。
關(guān)鍵詞:老年血管性癡呆;微小RNA-206;微小RNA-186;嚴(yán)重程度;預(yù)后
中圖分類號: R749.13" 文獻標(biāo)識碼: A" 文章編號:1000-503X(2024)06-0883-07
DOI:10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16043
基金項目:遼寧省科學(xué)技術(shù)計劃項目(2022-NLTS-11-02)
Correlations of Expression Levels of microRNA-206 and microRNA-186 in the Serum With Disease Severity and Prognosis of Elderly Patients With Vascular Dementia
DENG Yong,CHEN Zhongjun,QI Hengxu,SUN Xiaopeng,LI Di
Department of Neurological Intervention and Neurological Intensive Care,Dalian Municipal Central Hospital,Dalian,Liaoning 116033,China
Corresponding author:LI Di" Tel:0411-84412001,E-mail:jzlidi@126.com
ABSTRACT:Objective" To investigate the correlations of the expression levels of microRNA (miR)-206 and miR-186 in the serum with the disease severity and prognosis of elderly patients with vascular dementia (VD).Methods" A total of 104 elderly patients with VD treated in Dalian Municipal Central Hospital from October 2020 to May 2023 were selected into the VD group and 104 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations were enrolled in the control group.Baseline data of both groups were collected,and fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression levels of miR-206 and miR-186 in the serum.According to the severity of VD,the patients were assigned into mild,moderate,and severe VD groups.The elderly patients with VD were followed up for 6 months after discharge.According to the prognosis,the patients were assigned into good/moderate and poor prognosis groups.The baseline data and the serum levels of miR-206 and miR-186 were compared between the control and VD groups as well as between the good/moderate and poor prognosis groups.The serum levels of miR-206 and miR-186 were compared between the mild,moderate,and severe VD groups.The correlations of serum miR-206 and miR-186 levels with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score in elderly patients with VD were analyzed,on the basis of which the factors affecting the poor prognosis of elderly patients with VD were predicated.Furthermore,the predictive values of serum levels of miR-206 and miR-186 on the poor prognosis of elderly patients with VD were evaluated.Results" The VD group had higher proportions of diabetes history (P=0.021),hypertension history (Plt;0.001),and hyperlipidemia history (Plt;0.001),higher serum levels of miR-206 (Plt;0.001) and miR-186 (Plt;0.001),and lower score of activity of daily living (Plt;0.001) than the control group.The serum miR-206 and miR-186 levels varied between the mild,moderate,and severe VD groups (all Plt;0.001).The trend test results showed that serum miR-206 and miR-186 levels presented a rising trend in mild,moderate,and severe VD groups (all Plt;0.001).The serum miR-206 and miR-186 levels in elderly VD patients were negatively correlated with the MMSE score (all Plt;0.001).The poor prognosis group had lower MMSE score and higher serum levels of miR-206 and miR-186 than the good/moderate prognosis group (all Plt;0.001).The MMSE score was a protective factor and miR-206 and miR-186 were risk factors for poor prognosis in elderly patients with VD (P=0.005,P=0.001,P=0.007).The area under curve of combined serum miR-206 and miR-186 levels in predicting poor prognosis in the elderly patients with VD was 0.963,which was higher than those (0.866 and 0.878) of serum miR-206 and miR-186 levels separately (P=0.010,P=0.020).Conclusions" The serum levels of miR-206 and miR-186 in elderly patients of VD are high and closely related to the severity and prognosis of VD.The combination of the two demonstrates high performance in predicting the prognosis of elderly patients with VD.
Key words:vascular dementia of the elderly;microRNA-206;microRNA-186;severity;prognosis
Acta Acad Med Sin,2024,46(6):883-889
血管性癡呆(vascular dementia,VD)是一組由腦部血管病變引起的智力和認(rèn)知功能障礙綜合征,屬于常見的癡呆性疾病[1]。引起VD發(fā)病的因素較多,有高血壓史者比健康者更易患VD[2-3]。有報道微小RNA(microRNA,miR)-206可調(diào)節(jié)腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子(brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)的表達,抑制miR-206可使BDNF的水平升高從而促進腦缺血大鼠認(rèn)知功能恢復(fù)[4]。有研究指出,有氧運動使miR-186表達降低,從而上調(diào)BDNF活性,影響海馬神經(jīng)元凋亡,抑制血管性認(rèn)知障礙的病理發(fā)展,最終改善認(rèn)知功能[5]。BDNF通過介導(dǎo)突觸可塑性的多種功能,在改善認(rèn)知功能、神經(jīng)發(fā)生以及神經(jīng)元分化等方面發(fā)揮作用[6]??梢妋iR-206、miR-186均參與大腦損傷過程,在改善認(rèn)知功能方面發(fā)揮重要作用。目前,miR-206、miR-186與VD的關(guān)系尚不清晰,因此,本研究擬分析老年VD患者血清miR-206、miR-186與病情嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后的關(guān)系,以期幫助改善VD患者預(yù)后。
1" 資料和方法
1.1" 資料來源
選取2020年10月至2023年5月在大連市中心醫(yī)院接受治療的104例老年VD患者為VD組,年齡60~85歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合VD相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7];(2)年齡≥60歲,臨床資料完整,病情穩(wěn)定;(3)均是初次確診的患者;(4)無顱腦相關(guān)手術(shù)史;(5)病程大于6個月;(6)小學(xué)及以上文化程度。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)其他非血管原因引起的認(rèn)知功能障礙;(2)有嚴(yán)重精神障礙、抑郁及自殺傾向;(3)有藥物及酒精依賴史;(4)伴有各臟器功能不全者;(5)伴有惡性腫瘤及免疫性疾病者;(6)合并血液系統(tǒng)、全身感染性疾病者。選取104例同期于本院體檢健康的志愿者為對照組,年齡60~85歲,對照組神經(jīng)功能及認(rèn)知功能均正常[簡易精神狀態(tài)量表(mini mental state examination,MMSE)[8]和日常生活能力量表(activity of daily living,ADL)[9]評分均正常]。收集VD組和對照組基線資料,包括:性別、年齡、體重指數(shù)、受教育年限、糖尿病史、高血壓史、高脂血癥史、吸煙史、飲酒史及入院后即刻ADL評分。本研究通過大連市中心醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準(zhǔn)(倫理審查編號:2020LC倫理第49號),受試對象均簽署知情同意書。
1.2" 熒光定量PCR法檢測血清miR-206、miR-186表達
VD患者入院后第2天清晨、對照組體檢當(dāng)天采集5 mL空腹靜脈血,離心分離血清。按照RNA提取試劑盒(批號AKAC009D,北京盒子生工科技公司)操作說明書提取血清總RNA,對提取的總RNA進行含量、純度檢測后將RNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA,采用熒光定量PCR儀(型號FQD-16A,大連知微生物科技公司)進行擴增。20 μL反應(yīng)體系:10 μL的PCR試劑,上下游引物各0.5 μL,cDNA(50 ng/μL)2 μL,加ddH2O至20 μL。反應(yīng)程序:96 ℃預(yù)處理135 s;96 ℃ 21 s,74 ℃ 24 s,69 ℃ 18 s,共35個循環(huán)。引物由大連知微生物科技公司合成,引物序列見表1。miR-206、miR-186(內(nèi)參均是U6)的相對表達水平采用2-ΔΔCt法計算。
1.3" VD患者嚴(yán)重程度分組及預(yù)后評估
入院后即刻對老年VD患者進行MMSE[8]評估,總分為30分,根據(jù)VD嚴(yán)重程度將患者分為:輕度VD組(MMSE評分在21分及以上)(32例)、中度VD組(9分<MMSE評分<21分)(39例)、重度VD組(MMSE評分在9分及以下)(33例)。老年VD患者出院后隨訪6個月,進行ADL[9]評分(包括10個項目,總分為100分),將患者分為:良好預(yù)后(ADL評分≥61分)(29例)、中等預(yù)后(40分<ADL評分<61分)(41例)、不良預(yù)后(ADL評分≤40分)(34例)[10]。以此為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將患者分為:良好及中等預(yù)后組(70例)和不良預(yù)后組(34例)。
1.4" 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理
使用SPSS 25.0軟件分析數(shù)據(jù),計量資料經(jīng)檢驗均符合正態(tài)分布,以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,t檢驗用于兩組間比較,單因素方差分析及趨勢檢驗用于3組間比較,進一步兩兩比較行LSD-t檢驗;以例數(shù)(%)表示計數(shù)資料,行χ2檢驗;用廣義線性Logistic回歸模型分析miR-206、miR-186與MMSE評分的相關(guān)性;采用多因素Logistic回歸模型分析影響老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的因素;受試者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲線對miR-206、miR-186評估老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的最佳診斷閾值進行選擇,得出最佳截斷值,Delong檢驗用于曲線下面積(area under curve,AUC)比較。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2" 結(jié)果
2.1" 對照組和VD組基線資料比較
對照組性別、年齡、體重指數(shù)、受教育年限、吸煙史、飲酒史與VD組比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P均>0.05);VD組糖尿病史(P=0.021)、高血壓史(P<0.001)、高脂血癥史比例(P=0.001)均顯著高于對照組,ADL評分顯著低于對照組(P<0.001)(表2)。
2.2" 對照組和VD組血清miR-206、miR-186水平比較
VD組血清miR-206(2.41±0.32)、miR-186(3.27±0.61)水平均顯著高于對照組(1.00±0.07、1.00±0.05)(t=43.897,t=37.823;P均<0.001)。
2.3" 血清miR-206、miR-186在不同嚴(yán)重程度患者中的比較
輕度、中度、重度VD組血清miR-206、miR-186水平兩兩比較差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P均<0.001),趨勢檢驗結(jié)果顯示,血清miR-206、miR-186水平在輕度、中度、重度VD組中呈顯著上升趨勢(P均<0.001)(表3)。
2.4" 血清miR-206、miR-186與MMSE評分的相關(guān)性
老年VD患者血清miR-206、miR-186與MMSE評分均呈顯著負相關(guān)(β=-0.367,β=-0.027;P均<0.001)(表4)。
2.5" 良好及中等預(yù)后組和不良預(yù)后組基線資料比較
良好及中等預(yù)后組性別、年齡、體重指數(shù)、受教育年限、糖尿病史、高血壓史、高脂血癥史、吸煙史、飲酒史與不良預(yù)后組差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P均>0.05),不良預(yù)后組MMSE評分顯著低于良好及中等預(yù)后組(P<0.001)(表5)。
2.6" 良好及中等預(yù)后組和不良預(yù)后組血清miR-206、miR-186水平比較
不良預(yù)后組血清miR-206(3.28±0.59)、miR-186(5.24±1.19)水平均顯著高于良好及中等預(yù)后組(1.99±0.19、2.31±0.33)(t=16.670,t=19.220;P均<0.001)。
2.7" 老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的影響因素
以老年VD患者是否發(fā)生不良預(yù)后為因變量(不良預(yù)后=1,良好及中等預(yù)后=0),調(diào)整混雜因素后,進行多因素Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示MMSE評分是影響老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的保護因素(P=0.005),miR-206、miR-186是影響老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的危險因素(P=0.001,P=0.007)(表6)。
2.8" 血清miR-206、miR-186對老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的預(yù)測價值
繪制血清miR-206、miR-186及二者聯(lián)合預(yù)測老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的ROC曲線,結(jié)果顯示血清miR-206、miR-186及二者聯(lián)合預(yù)測老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的AUC分別為0.866、0.878、0.963,miR-206、miR-186二者聯(lián)合的AUC顯著高于血清miR-206、miR-186各自單獨預(yù)測的AUC(Z=2.559,P=0.010;Z=2.324,P=0.020)(表7、圖1)。
3" 討論
VD是指由血管性腦損傷引起的認(rèn)知障礙或癡呆,是僅次于阿爾茨海默病的第二大常見癡呆形式。血管性腦損傷是指腦實質(zhì)的損傷,最常見的原因是缺血、梗死和出血[11]。神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷與VD的發(fā)病關(guān)系密切,VD無法根治,只能改善及延緩病情進展[12-13]。評估VD患者病情嚴(yán)重程度并及時干預(yù)是改善患者預(yù)后的關(guān)鍵點。
miRNA通過與mRNA的3’非翻譯區(qū)結(jié)合,在轉(zhuǎn)錄或翻譯后調(diào)控基因表達[14]。miRNA可調(diào)控神經(jīng)元凋亡及炎癥反應(yīng)參與神經(jīng)元損傷過程,其表達水平與缺血性神經(jīng)損傷導(dǎo)致的認(rèn)知功能障礙有關(guān)[15]。有研究指出,慢性間歇乙醇和強迫游泳應(yīng)激小鼠miR-206表達上調(diào),可通過負性調(diào)控BDNF的表達導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)損傷[16]。BDNF是生物體神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)蛋白家族的重要成員,在促進神經(jīng)元修復(fù)、神經(jīng)元再生和改善軸突修復(fù)方面發(fā)揮重要作用[17-18]。Shao等[19]報道m(xù)iR-206在阿爾茨海默病小鼠腦組織中高表達,抑制miR-206可促進BDNF高表達從而對阿爾茨海默病小鼠的神經(jīng)元發(fā)揮保護作用。本研究顯示,與健康者相比,miR-206在老年VD患者血清中升高,隨著VD嚴(yán)重程度的加重,miR-206水平逐漸升高,提示miR-206參與VD發(fā)病和進展過程,其水平越高預(yù)示著VD病情越重。分析其可能原因為miR-206通過對下游靶基因BDNF的調(diào)控促進神經(jīng)元損傷,參與VD發(fā)病和進展過程。
miR-186與神經(jīng)功能密切相關(guān),抑制miR-186-5p可上調(diào)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育所必需的胰島素樣生長因子-1的表達,減弱炎癥因子和氧化應(yīng)激,從而緩解創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷[20]。lncRNA鋅指核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子反義鏈1通過靶向miR-186-5p/髓細胞白血病因子-1軸,在缺血性卒中細胞模型中發(fā)揮減輕氧氣和葡萄糖剝奪介導(dǎo)損傷的作用[21]。抑制miR-186可直接靶向調(diào)控缺氧誘導(dǎo)因子1α,通過下調(diào)缺氧誘導(dǎo)因子1α減少神經(jīng)元的缺血性損傷[22]。本研究顯示,與健康者相比,miR-186在老年VD患者血清中升高,隨著VD嚴(yán)重程度的加重miR-186逐漸升高,表明miR-186可能會影響VD發(fā)病,miR-186水平升高會導(dǎo)致VD病情加重??赡茉蚴莔iR-186可通過對下游靶基因的調(diào)控促進炎癥反應(yīng)及氧化應(yīng)激,從而加重VD引起的神經(jīng)元損傷。
臨床上常用MMSE評分評估VD患者病情嚴(yán)重度和認(rèn)知功能障礙程度。本研究顯示,老年VD患者血清miR-206、miR-186均與MMSE評分呈負相關(guān),提示老年VD患者血清miR-206、miR-186水平和認(rèn)知功能有關(guān),二者升高使VD患者腦損傷加重,導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知功能減弱。預(yù)后分析顯示,不良預(yù)后組血清miR-206、miR-186水平顯著高于良好及中等預(yù)后組,且miR-206、miR-186是影響老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的危險因素,提示血清miR-206、miR-186升高的老年VD患者往往病情較重,對于此類患者需重點關(guān)注,以改善其預(yù)后。ROC曲線顯示,血清miR-206和miR-186二者聯(lián)合預(yù)測老年VD患者發(fā)生不良預(yù)后的AUC高于血清miR-206、miR-186各自單獨預(yù)測的AUC,提示血清miR-206、miR-186有望成為預(yù)測老年VD患者預(yù)后的有效標(biāo)志物,二者聯(lián)合具有較高的預(yù)測效能。
綜上,老年VD患者血清miR-206、miR-186均呈高表達,二者與VD嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后密切相關(guān),二者聯(lián)合對評估老年VD患者預(yù)后有較高效能。但本研究并未探究miR-206、miR-186影響VD發(fā)病的具體作用機制,這是臨床研究的局限性所致,接下來將通過動物實驗分析二者影響VD的具體機制,并探討二者是否是VD的治療靶點。
利益沖突" 所有作者聲明無利益沖突
作者貢獻聲明" 鄧勇:設(shè)計實驗方案、論文撰寫、修改;陳忠軍、祁恒旭、孫小鵬:實施研究過程、病例收集和整理、數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計;李迪:指導(dǎo)寫作、審閱和修訂論文
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(收稿日期:2024-02-18)