金雨舟 李嘉成 唐晨豪 何康煒 鄧剛
[摘要]?腎混合性上皮間質(zhì)腫瘤(mixed?epithelial?and?stromal?tumor?of?the?kidney,MESTK)是一種罕見(jiàn)的腎臟腫瘤,其特點(diǎn)是囊性擴(kuò)張且不等量增生的腺上皮細(xì)胞與排列方式各異的梭形細(xì)胞混合?,F(xiàn)報(bào)告1例24歲女性MESTK患者,其無(wú)明顯臨床表現(xiàn),由體檢發(fā)現(xiàn)右腎占位,給予右腎部分切除術(shù)后恢復(fù)良好。
[關(guān)鍵詞]?腎混合性上皮間質(zhì)腫瘤;雌孕激素;多囊性腎疾病
[中圖分類號(hào)]?R737.11????[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]?A ????[DOI]?10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2024.03.031
腎混合性上皮間質(zhì)腫瘤(mixed?epithelial?and?stromal?tumor?of?the?kidney,MESTK)的特點(diǎn)是囊性擴(kuò)張且不等量增生的腺上皮細(xì)胞與排列方式各異的梭形細(xì)胞混合,最大直徑可達(dá)25cm[1-2]。MESTK是一種十分罕見(jiàn)的腫瘤,截至目前,全球報(bào)道相關(guān)病例僅約100例。除Michal等[3]于2004年報(bào)道的22例MESTK病例外,其余均為個(gè)案或小組病例報(bào)道。本文報(bào)道1例女性MESTK患者的臨床資料并進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)復(fù)習(xí)。
1??病例資料
患者,女,24歲。因“體檢時(shí)影像學(xué)檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)右腎占位6年”入院。患者自述平日體健,無(wú)腰腹部外傷史,無(wú)明顯體質(zhì)量下降,無(wú)肉眼血尿、尿頻尿急及腰痛等不適癥狀。磁共振成像(magnetic?resonance?imaging,MRI)示:右腎中上級(jí)見(jiàn)多房囊性異常信號(hào)灶,呈長(zhǎng)T2長(zhǎng)T1信號(hào);邊緣欠清,內(nèi)可見(jiàn)多發(fā)分隔呈蜂窩狀結(jié)構(gòu);增強(qiáng)囊壁及分隔見(jiàn)中度強(qiáng)化,囊性部分未見(jiàn)明顯強(qiáng)化;右腎多房囊性占位,良性病變考慮,多房囊性腎瘤可能性大,見(jiàn)圖1A和1B。排除相關(guān)手術(shù)禁忌后,于2014年2月19日行右腎部分切除術(shù),術(shù)中可見(jiàn)右腎腹側(cè)面中上級(jí)有一腫瘤病灶,大小約4cm′5cm,略突向腎外,有粘連。病理學(xué)檢查:囊實(shí)性腫瘤,囊大小不一;實(shí)性區(qū)內(nèi)可見(jiàn)小腺管、微囊,部分呈簇狀,欠成熟;尚見(jiàn)梭形細(xì)胞,大部分為平滑肌分化;尚見(jiàn)較多血管,腫瘤與周?chē)I實(shí)質(zhì)界限不清并有穿插;首先考慮為混合性上皮-間質(zhì)腫瘤,見(jiàn)圖1C。免疫組織化學(xué)染色結(jié)果:囊內(nèi)襯細(xì)胞及實(shí)性區(qū)小腺管、微囊:SMA(–),CD34(–),RCC(–),WF-1(–),CEA(–),CK(+),CK7(+),EMA(+),CD10少許小腺管腔緣(+),Vim部分小管(+),Ki-67個(gè)別(+);囊間隔內(nèi)間質(zhì):CK(–),CK7(–),EMA(–),CEA(–),RCC(–),CD34脈管(–),Vim(+),WF-1脈管(+),CD-10脈管(+),Ki-67個(gè)別(+);見(jiàn)圖1D?;颊咝g(shù)后無(wú)明顯并發(fā)癥,2周后出院。2年隨診期間未見(jiàn)復(fù)發(fā)。
2??討論
Michal等[4]于1998年首次提出MESTK,2004年世界衛(wèi)生組織正式使用“MESTK”命名由上皮和間質(zhì)成分構(gòu)成的囊實(shí)性腎臟良性腫瘤[5]。臨床上,MESTK患者平均發(fā)病年齡約為46歲,且性別差異非常明顯,女性與男性患者的比例為6∶1;大多數(shù)女性患者發(fā)病于圍絕經(jīng)期且有雌激素治療史,部分女性患者則有生殖系統(tǒng)手術(shù)史[3,6]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),雌孕激素在MESTK的發(fā)生發(fā)展及轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程中起一定作用[7-12]。本例患者為年輕女性,在發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤之前無(wú)雌孕激素藥物治療史和體內(nèi)激素失調(diào)病史,因此雌激素、孕激素、激素治療與MESTK的關(guān)系有待進(jìn)一步研究。
約1/3的MRSTK患者無(wú)任何癥狀,其余患者可能會(huì)有腹部腫物、腰部酸痛、肉眼血尿等臨床癥狀[13-14]。影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)為邊界清楚的囊性腫塊,其內(nèi)可見(jiàn)實(shí)性部分及多發(fā)的薄層或厚層分隔[15]。MESTK需與復(fù)雜性腎囊腫、囊性腎瘤、囊性腎癌及部分肉瘤等進(jìn)行鑒別[16-17]。因MESTK無(wú)典型的影像學(xué)特征,因此很難在手術(shù)前確診,大多數(shù)病例均通過(guò)術(shù)后病理結(jié)果明確診斷。本例患者的影像學(xué)檢查結(jié)果均無(wú)法給出確切診斷,應(yīng)提高對(duì)MESTK的認(rèn)識(shí),及時(shí)行病理活檢明確診斷。
應(yīng)用免疫組織化學(xué)染色技術(shù)標(biāo)記MESTK腫瘤性上皮表達(dá)CK和EMA,部分表達(dá)Vimentin和ER;梭形細(xì)胞對(duì)Vimentin、Desmin和EMA呈陽(yáng)性反應(yīng),對(duì)EP、RP呈部分陽(yáng)性反應(yīng),而對(duì)S-100蛋白、HNB45和CD34均呈陰性反應(yīng)[18]。本例患者基本符合上述特征。
大多數(shù)MESTK為良性腫瘤,患者術(shù)后生存率較高,但也有少數(shù)惡變或術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的病例報(bào)道,腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)后的進(jìn)一步治療方案尚不明確[7,10,19-23]。因?qū)ESTK的生物學(xué)行為缺乏深入了解,應(yīng)向患者強(qiáng)調(diào)長(zhǎng)期隨訪的重要性和必要性。
利益沖突:所有作者均聲明不存在利益沖突。
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