閆躍
“某”(有時(shí)用“什么”,意思相同)是漢語(yǔ)里的常用字,用來表示一種模糊的概念。除了用a(n)、one、some與(a) certain等詞語(yǔ)直譯外,還有多種值得注意的其他譯法。
1. one (…) or another / the other。例如:
I must have met her one time or another. 我肯定在某個(gè)時(shí)候碰見過她。
We will get out of this mess one way or the other. 我們得想個(gè)什么辦法擺脫這種困境。
Take it from me that I will go to see her one day or another. 相信我,我某一天一定去看她。
Not all instances fall neatly into one or the other of these categories. 不是所有的情況都可清楚地歸于這些類別中的某一類。
2. some + 單數(shù)名詞 + or other。例如:
They found the painting in some antique shop or other. 他們?cè)谀硞€(gè)古玩店里發(fā)現(xiàn)了這幅畫。
The man living in some room or other upstairs will meet you some time or other. 住在樓上某個(gè)房間的那個(gè)人某個(gè)時(shí)間將同你會(huì)面。
此外,or other之前也可以是個(gè)表示不定意義的代詞或副詞,該詞是個(gè)含有some的合成詞。例如:
Somebody or other must go there. 總得有人去那里。
I am sure we can tide over the difficulties somehow or other. 我相信我們總會(huì)設(shè)法渡過難關(guān)的。
3. so-and-so:用作代詞,表示“某某事”“某某人”。復(fù)數(shù)形式為so-and-sos或so-and-sos。例如:
It would be a case of “just do so-and-so and here is your cash”. 就是這樣一種情況,“只要干某某事,你就能拿到錢”。
If Mrs. So-and-so was ill then Mrs. So-and-so down the street would go and clean for her. 如果某太太生病,那么她的街坊某某太太就會(huì)去幫她打掃衛(wèi)生。
She always keeps me up to date with the latest gossip—you know, so-and-so from down the road is having a baby and so-and-sos just bought a car. 她總會(huì)把最新的小道消息及時(shí)告訴我——你知道的,路那頭的某人懷上了孩子,某某人剛買了汽車。
4. such-and-such:也可寫作such and such,用作限定詞或代詞,表示“某某(的)”。例如:
All they ever do is gossip: so-and-so said such-and-such, and blah, blah, blah. 他們所做的就是說長(zhǎng)道短:某某人說了某某事以及諸如此類的東西。
Number such-and-such is usually used in place of an athletes real name in sports events. 在體育賽事中,通常使用某某號(hào)來代替運(yùn)動(dòng)員的真實(shí)名字。
They will ask you to come on such and such a day, at such and such a time. 他們會(huì)讓你在某天、某個(gè)時(shí)間過來。
The manager claimed that those antiques had been used as such and such payments to such and such persons. 經(jīng)理聲稱那些古董已被用作付給某些人的某些款項(xiàng)了。
5. and I dont know what (all) / and God knows what:表示“以及某些(不知名稱或不愿提及的類似)事物”,用于已經(jīng)列舉的概念或事物之后。例如:
He said I was stupid and thoughtless and I dont know what. 他說我是個(gè)笨蛋,沒有頭腦,還說了某些別的什么。
There were scraps of paper, broken glass, and I dont know what all lying about. 周圍都是紙屑、碎玻璃,還有某些別的什么東西。
The chickens are injected with antibiotics and God knows what. 給小雞注射了抗生素,還有某些天知道是什么的東西。
然而,如果涉及到人,需用and I dont know who (else)。例如:
Johns wife has invited a lot of people to their Christmas party—all the neighbors, the local school teachers, and I dont know who. 約翰的妻子邀請(qǐng)了許多人參加他們的圣誕晚會(huì)——所有的鄰居、當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校的老師,還有某些別的什么人。
6. 英語(yǔ)中,what可用作起始詞,構(gòu)成一種合成詞,表示“某某”,指代無法或不便說出名稱的概念。例如:
Please show us what-do-you-call-it. 請(qǐng)給我們看看某樣?xùn)|西。
The hospital has just got a, what dyou call it, er… a new scanner. 醫(yī)院剛買了一臺(tái)新的叫什么來著,嗯……掃描器。
Dr. whats-his-name said it was true. 某某博士說那是真的。
He heard of it from whats-their-name. 他是從一些叫什么來著的人那里聽到的。
I gave the report to whats-her-name—the new marketing assistant. 我把報(bào)告給了那個(gè)叫什么的來著——就是那個(gè)新來的市場(chǎng)助理。
Have you invited Mike Whats-his-name to the party? 你邀請(qǐng)那個(gè)叫邁克什么什么的來參加聚會(huì)了嗎?
類似的合成詞不在少數(shù),比如,what-do-you-call-him、what-dyou-call-him和what-dye-call-him均表示“名叫某某的他”“那個(gè)叫什么來著的人”。其中,根據(jù)所指對(duì)象的屬性與數(shù)量,人稱代詞him可換成her、it或them,復(fù)數(shù)代詞them還可采用縮寫形式,寫作what-do-you-call-em、what-dyou-call-em或what-dye-call-em。并且,上述合成詞的連字符有時(shí)會(huì)被省略,但通常保留。
此外,whats-his/her-name的同義結(jié)構(gòu)為whats-his/her-face,后者也可不用連字符。例如:
Do you still go around with whats-his-face? 你還在和那個(gè)叫什么來著的男子交往嗎?
Are you still working for whats her face? 你還在為那個(gè)叫什么的女人干活?
最后,上面的合成詞均為詞組形式,但其中一些還具有縮合形式。詳見下表:
完整詞組形式 縮合形式
whats-his-name whatshisname/whatsisname
whats-her-name whatshername/whatsername
what-is-it whatsit/whatsis
what-do-you-call-it whatchamacallit
需注意的是,名詞whatsit與whatchamacallit均通過在詞尾加s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式,whatsis則是在詞尾加es變復(fù)數(shù),三者意義相同,都表示“名叫某某的人”“身份為某某的人”“那個(gè)叫什么來著的東西”或“某某玩意兒”。例如:
I have got to make a whatsit for the party. Thats it—a flan. 我得給聚會(huì)制作一個(gè)什么東西來著。想起來了,一個(gè)果餡餅。
Lets say two oclock on the whatsit of May? 那我們就定在五月某一天的兩點(diǎn)鐘?
Hes got that fiery temper which scares the whatsit out of everybody. 他脾氣這么暴躁,嚇得大家丟了魂似的。
Youd better tell whatsit—whats his name—the guy in charge of stationery. 你最好告訴那個(gè)人——他叫什么名字來著——就是那個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)管文具的人。
We wanted to be here early in case the whatsit, maintenance supervisor had forgotten to deal with it. 我們想早點(diǎn)兒到這兒,以防那個(gè)什么維修主管忘了處理這件事。
I need a—a whatchamacallit—one of those things that you can caramelize sugar with. 我需要一個(gè)——那個(gè)叫什么來著——可以熔化糖的那個(gè)東西。
Have you got a whatchamacallit? You know… a screwdriver? 你有一把……叫什么來著的?你知道的……螺絲刀嗎?
I cant find the whatchamacallit that holds the door open. 那個(gè)讓門一直開著的東西叫什么來著,我找不到了。
She forgot the word “orange” and kept telling me that she was out of whatchamacallits. 她忘了“橙子”這個(gè)詞,再三對(duì)我說那些叫什么來著的東西吃完了。