唐偉勝
本專欄之前兩篇文章討論了看圖作文中圖畫描寫的相關(guān)技巧和常用表達(dá)。在本篇文章里,唐老師將分享如何在第二段里解釋圖畫的意思(interpret the meaning of the picture)。
首先需要說明的是,在解釋段里,考生僅需對(duì)圖畫的意思進(jìn)行說明,而不需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行討論,也就是這里不需要考生表明態(tài)度(這是第三段的要求)。一般說來,解釋段的字?jǐn)?shù)要求為50—70詞。
那么,如何對(duì)圖畫的意思解釋說明?如果說第一項(xiàng)任務(wù)描寫圖畫是就事寫事(類似記敘文),那么解釋段則需要從具體細(xì)節(jié)走出來,將其推到更廣的范圍,而圖畫的意義就在這個(gè)更廣的范圍中。換句話說,如果描寫段是講故事,那么解釋段就相當(dāng)于指出這個(gè)故事的主題(theme)或者這個(gè)故事與更廣泛世界的關(guān)系。比如,《伊索寓言》里講了一個(gè)故事:狐貍吃不到樹上的葡萄,就安慰自己說那葡萄是酸的。如果來解釋這個(gè)故事的主題,我們就需要走出狐貍的世界,將其推廣到整個(gè)人類:有些人喜歡詆毀自己得不到的東西。再如,我們熟知的簡(jiǎn)·奧斯?。↗ane Austen)的小說《傲慢與偏見》(Pride and Prejudice)描寫了主人公伊麗莎白和達(dá)西如何克服自身的傲慢和偏見,最終走到一起的故事。探索這部小說的主題,我們就需要走到更廣闊的范圍中,即,幸福的婚姻需要雙方互相尊重,而不是僅僅建立在金錢基礎(chǔ)上。
解釋圖畫的基本步驟為:第一步,指出圖畫的基本主題;第二步,結(jié)合圖畫內(nèi)容,再解釋或深化該主題。下面以2008年考研真題為例進(jìn)行說明,原題圖畫如圖:
這幅圖畫是關(guān)于兩位殘疾人,一位左腿殘缺,一位右腿殘缺,都需要拐杖,現(xiàn)在兩位殘疾人合作起來,扔掉拐杖,共同扶持,走遍天下。那么這幅畫的意思是什么呢?我們應(yīng)該超越畫面上的殘疾人,去尋找更加廣闊的主題:每個(gè)人都有缺陷,但如果我們合作起來,就能產(chǎn)生巨大的力量。因此本圖畫強(qiáng)調(diào)的是合作很重要這樣的主題。以下是本題范文的第二段(即解釋段):
The intention of the artist is quite obvious. He is trying to tell us how important it is for us to cooperate with each other in our life and work. We all have our own weaknesses and strengths, but just like the two handicapped men in the picture, we can overcome our weaknesses and become very powerful if we know how to work together and make the best use of our strengths.
本段72詞,共3句。第一句為引入句;第二句則指出圖畫的意思,即合作很重要;第三句結(jié)合圖畫,對(duì)這個(gè)意思進(jìn)行了拓展和進(jìn)一步解釋。
再看2007年考研真題,原題圖畫如圖:
這幅圖畫發(fā)生在足球場(chǎng)上,一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員正準(zhǔn)備射門,但在他心里,守門員體型很大,幾乎把球門都占滿了;另外一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員正在守門,而在他心里,球門非常大。這幅圖畫的主題是什么呢?我們也應(yīng)該超越足球場(chǎng),去考慮更為廣闊的主題:很多人都喜歡把任務(wù)想象得過于困難,因此缺乏自信。以下是唐老師為本題撰寫的解釋段:
The meaning of the picture is quite obvious. It is about the importance of self-confidence. Just like the attacker and the goal-keeper in the picture, we often tend to be intimidated by the task at hand, over-estimate our opponents, and thus lose our confidence.
本段44詞,共3句。其中第一句為引入句,第二句指出圖畫的含義,第三句結(jié)合圖畫內(nèi)容對(duì)其進(jìn)一步解釋說明。
再以2019年考研真題為例。原題圖畫如圖:
這幅圖顯示兩位朋友在爬山,爬到半途,一位表示不想再繼續(xù)爬了,而另一位則鼓勵(lì)他休息一會(huì)兒再繼續(xù)。這幅圖的主題非常明顯:在生活中總會(huì)遇到困難,有些人選擇放棄,而有些人則選擇堅(jiān)持。以下是唐老師原創(chuàng)的解釋段:
The meaning of the picture is obvious. It tells us about the importance of persistence. Just like the two friends on their way to the mountain top, we are sure to encounter many difficulties and problems, both physically and mentally, in our life. We may feel tired and sometimes we may feel like giving up. Yet, there are always people who will keep going until they reach their destination.
本段69詞,共5句。其中第一句為引入句,第二句點(diǎn)出主題,第三至五句結(jié)合圖畫進(jìn)一步說明。
綜上所述,在圖畫解釋段,考生需要明確指出圖畫的主題含義,并對(duì)這個(gè)含義進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步解釋說明。以下兩種基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助考生順利完成本段寫作任務(wù)。
(1) Obviously, the cartoonist is trying to tell us about/that _____. Just like _____in the picture, we also _____.
例文:
Obviously, the cartoonist is trying to tell us something about how our time could be managed. In fact, just like the woman and the man in the picture, there are always people who will work hard to complete their work ahead of time, and the last-minute people who simply cannot start out until the deadline is approaching.
(2) The meaning of the picture is quite obvious. It intends to tell us _____ . Just like _____ in the picture, many people also _____.
例文:
The meaning of the two pictures is obvious. They intend to tell us how blind people may be in following their idols. Just like the young man who would spend as much as 300 RMB on the hairstyle of Beckham, we sometimes are also very eager to accept whatever our idols would say and do, even when they are wrong.
博士生導(dǎo)師,江西師范大學(xué)首席教授,英美文學(xué)學(xué)者。