張文兵 劉潔 何文霞 陳敬 曹輝
【摘要】 目的:探討程序性死亡受體1(PD-1)抑制劑聯(lián)合白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇、鉑類治療晚期食管癌的臨床效果。方法:選取2020年12月—2022年12月淮南東方醫(yī)院集團(tuán)總醫(yī)院收治的晚期食管癌患者82例,依照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表分為研究組和常規(guī)組,各41例。常規(guī)組采用白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇、鉑類治療,研究組在常規(guī)組的基礎(chǔ)上另給予PD-1抑制劑治療。比較兩組臨床療效、不良反應(yīng)、細(xì)胞角蛋白19片段(Cyfra 21-1)與鱗狀細(xì)胞癌抗原(SCCA)水平,隨訪1年,比較兩組無進(jìn)展生存期(PFS)。結(jié)果:研究組的疾病控制率(DCR)、客觀緩解率(ORR)均高于常規(guī)組(P<0.05);與治療前相比,兩組Cyfra 21-1、SCCA均降低,且研究組較常規(guī)組均更低(P<0.05);兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);研究組中位PFS長(zhǎng)于常規(guī)組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:PD-1抑制劑聯(lián)合白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇、鉑類治療晚期食管癌患者的效果顯著,可降低Cyfra 21-1、SCCA水平,改善預(yù)后。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 晚期食管癌 程序性死亡受體1抑制劑 白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇 鉑類
Clinical Study of PD-1 Inhibitor Combined with Albumin Bound Paclitaxel, Platinum in the Treatment of Advanced Esophagus Cancer/ZHANG Wenbing, LIU Jie, HE Wenxia, CHEN Jing, CAO Hui. //Medical Innovation of China, 2024, 21(11): 0-101
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor combined with Albumin Bound Paclitaxel, Platinum in the treatment of advanced esophagus cancer. Method: A total of 82 patients with advanced esophagus cancer admitted to General Hospital of Huainan Oriental Hospital Group from December 2020 to December 2022 were selected and divided into study group and conventional group according to random number table, with 41 cases in each group. The conventional group was treated with Albumin Bound Paclitaxel and Platinum, and the study group was treated with PD-1 inhibitor on the basis of the conventional group. Clinical efficacy and adverse reactions, cytokeratin 19 fragment (Cyfra 21-1) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) levels were compared between the two groups, progression free survival (PFS) was compared between the two groups after 1 year of follow-up. Result: The disease control rate (DCR) and objective remission rate (ORR) in the study group were higher than those in the conventional group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, Cyfra 21-1 and SCCA were decreased in both groups, and those in study group were lower than those in conventional group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). The median PFS in study group was longer than that in conventional group (P<0.05). Conclusion: PD-1 inhibitor combined with Albumin Bound Paclitaxel, Platinum have a significant effect in the treatment of advanced esophagus cancer patients, which can reduce Cyfra 21-1 and SCCA levels and improve prognosis.
[Key words] Advanced esophagus cancer Programmed death-1 inhibitor Albumin Bound Paclitaxel Platinum
First-author's address: Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Huainan Oriental Hospital Group, Huainan 232001, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2024.11.022
食管癌是一種臨床上較為多見的消化系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤,調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,我國食管癌死亡率居于惡性腫瘤第4位,發(fā)病率居于第6位,死亡病例數(shù)與新發(fā)例數(shù)約占全球50%,嚴(yán)重威脅患者的生命安全[1-2]。食管癌具有癥狀隱匿、復(fù)發(fā)率高、轉(zhuǎn)移率高等特點(diǎn),大部分患者確診時(shí)已為中晚期,加之中老年人合并基礎(chǔ)疾病較多、身體功能較差,造成多數(shù)中老年局部晚期食管癌患者難以進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療[3]。由于鉑類化療藥物臨床副作用較多,且療程較長(zhǎng),患者在治療期間容易出現(xiàn)耐藥性,因此臨床療效有限[4]。局部控制率不理想是晚期食管癌患者死亡率居高不下的重要原因[5],故如何提高晚期食管癌的局部控制率仍然是臨床工作者的研究熱題。白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇具有良好的水溶性,可在一定程度上減少不良反應(yīng)[6]。信迪利單抗通過抑制免疫檢查點(diǎn)分子程序性死亡受體1(PD-1)與其配體[程序性死亡受體配體1(PD-L1)]的結(jié)合,從而增強(qiáng)患者自身免疫系統(tǒng)對(duì)癌細(xì)胞的攻擊能力[7]。然而,PD-1抑制劑聯(lián)合白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇、鉑類的治療效果尚不清楚,鑒于此,本研究選取晚期食管癌患者進(jìn)行對(duì)照分析,以探究其療效。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2020年12月—2022年12月淮南東方醫(yī)院集團(tuán)總醫(yī)院收治的晚期食管癌患者82例。(1)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①參照文獻(xiàn)[8]《食管癌規(guī)范化診治指南》,符合食管癌診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),且經(jīng)病理學(xué)確診;②生存期>6個(gè)月。(2)排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①意識(shí)不清;②主動(dòng)放棄治療;③依從性差;④合并其他惡性腫瘤。依照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表分為兩組,各41例。本研究通過本院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審批?;颊呋蚣覍俸炇鹬橥鈺?。
1.2 方法
常規(guī)組給予白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇、鉑類治療。靜滴注射用奈達(dá)鉑(生產(chǎn)廠家:江蘇奧賽康藥業(yè)股份有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國藥準(zhǔn)字H20143132,規(guī)格:100 mg)80~100 mg/m2,每個(gè)周期的第1天用藥;靜滴白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇(生產(chǎn)廠家:石藥集團(tuán)歐意藥業(yè)有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國藥準(zhǔn)字H20183044,規(guī)格:100 mg)260 mg/m2,每個(gè)周期的第1天用藥。21 d為1個(gè)周期,治療3個(gè)周期。
研究組在常規(guī)組基礎(chǔ)上另給予PD-1抑制劑信迪利單抗[生產(chǎn)廠家:信達(dá)生物制藥(蘇州)有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國藥準(zhǔn)字S20180016,規(guī)格:100 mg(10 mL)/瓶],200 mg/次,每個(gè)周期1次,21 d為1個(gè)周期,用藥至疾病進(jìn)展或毒性不耐受。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
(1)比較兩組患者客觀緩解率(ORR)和疾病控制率(DCR)。治療3個(gè)周期后1個(gè)月,參照修訂的實(shí)體瘤療效評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(RECIST)指南(1.1版)評(píng)估。完全緩解(CR):所有病灶完全消失;部分緩解(PR):基線病灶長(zhǎng)徑總和縮小30%以上;疾病穩(wěn)定(SD):基線病灶長(zhǎng)徑總和縮小但未達(dá)到PR或病灶增大但未達(dá)到PD;疾病進(jìn)展(PD):基線病灶長(zhǎng)徑總和增大20%以上或出現(xiàn)新病灶[9]。ORR=(CR+PR)例數(shù)/總例數(shù)×100%,DCR=(CR+PR+SD)例數(shù)/總例數(shù)×100%。(2)比較兩組患者血清細(xì)胞角蛋白19片段(Cyfra 21-1)和鱗狀細(xì)胞癌抗原(SCCA)水平。治療前后空腹采集靜脈血3 mL,離心分離血清,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)測(cè)定。(3)不良反應(yīng)。記錄患者治療期間出現(xiàn)的不良反應(yīng)。(4)比較兩組無進(jìn)展生存期(PFS)。所有患者自首次用藥開始,隨訪12個(gè)月,治療結(jié)束后每3個(gè)月定期復(fù)查1次,對(duì)患者的PFS進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
用SPSS 22.0軟件分析。以(x±s)表示計(jì)量資料,組間比較用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),組內(nèi)比較用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)描述,以字2檢驗(yàn);采用Kaplan-Meier法繪制生存曲線。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組基線資料比較
兩組性別、年齡等基線資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。
2.2 兩組DCR、ORR比較
研究組的DCR、ORR均高于常規(guī)組(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 兩組Cyfra 21-1、SCCA水平比較
治療前,兩組Cyfra 21-1、SCCA比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與治療前相比,兩組Cyfra 21-1、SCCA均降低,且研究組較常規(guī)組均更低(P<0.05)。見表3。
2.4 兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況
兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(字2=0.105,P=0.746),見表4。
2.5 兩組PFS比較
研究組和常規(guī)組中位PFS分別為8.09個(gè)月[95%CI(7.12,9.23)]和6.12個(gè)月[95%CI(5.87,7.89)],研究組中位PFS長(zhǎng)于常規(guī)組(P<0.05),見圖1。
3 討論
目前,食管癌病因尚不明確,遺傳、長(zhǎng)期飲酒吸煙、飲食習(xí)慣不良等都可能導(dǎo)致該病發(fā)生。近年來,隨著生活水平的提升,食管癌發(fā)生率也不斷增加,且臨床死亡率較高,嚴(yán)重威脅患者生命健康[10]?;熓桥R床不能進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療食管癌患者的首選療法,但長(zhǎng)期用藥不良反應(yīng)較多,且容易產(chǎn)生耐藥性。PD-1是一種可抑制免疫應(yīng)答激活的蛋白,可表達(dá)于活化T細(xì)胞、B細(xì)胞、自然殺傷細(xì)胞、單核細(xì)胞等細(xì)胞表面[11]。信迪利單抗是PD-1抑制劑,通過抑制PD-1與其配體結(jié)合,促進(jìn)免疫應(yīng)答作用,增強(qiáng)免疫功能,從而促進(jìn)T細(xì)胞對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的殺傷作用[12]。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),研究組的DCR、ORR均高于常規(guī)組,提示PD-1抑制劑聯(lián)合白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇、鉑類治療晚期食管癌患者的效果確切。PD-1是一種免疫檢查點(diǎn)受體,可以通過與其配體PD-L1或PD-L2結(jié)合,抑制活化的自然殺傷細(xì)胞、T細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞和B細(xì)胞的免疫反應(yīng),增強(qiáng)機(jī)體對(duì)自身抗原的耐受性[13-14]。鑒于藥物能夠通過白蛋白的引導(dǎo)進(jìn)入腫瘤細(xì)胞區(qū)域,白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇因而能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)更為精確的腫瘤細(xì)胞靶向,從而顯著減輕對(duì)健康細(xì)胞的潛在傷害[15-20]。因此,PD-1抑制劑聯(lián)合白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇、鉑類能夠增強(qiáng)抗腫瘤作用,提高化療效果。本研究治療后研究組血清SCCA、Cyfra 21-1水平均低于常規(guī)組,且患者不良反應(yīng)未明顯增加,說明PD-1抑制劑聯(lián)合白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇、鉑類治療晚期食管癌患者能夠降低SCCA、Cyfra 21-1水平,且安全可靠。本研究研究組PFS較長(zhǎng),說明聯(lián)合用藥治療晚期食管癌患者能夠改善預(yù)后。
綜上,晚期食管癌患者采用PD-1抑制劑聯(lián)合白蛋白結(jié)合型紫杉醇、鉑類治療能夠緩解臨床癥狀,提高臨床療效,安全可靠,且能延長(zhǎng)PFS。
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(收稿日期:2024-02-03) (本文編輯:陳韻)