任永穎
[摘 要]目的 探討納布啡復(fù)合丙泊酚靜脈麻醉在隆鼻手術(shù)中的麻醉效果。方法 選取臨沂市中心醫(yī)院2022年1月-2024年1月收治的80例隆鼻手術(shù)患者為研究對(duì)象,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和研究組,各40例。兩組隆鼻手術(shù)中均采取靜脈全身麻醉+局部麻醉,對(duì)照組術(shù)中麻醉藥物選擇丙泊酚+芬太尼,研究組術(shù)中麻醉藥物選擇丙泊酚+納布啡,比較兩組麻醉效果、生命體征指標(biāo)、術(shù)后麻醉蘇醒時(shí)間、認(rèn)知功能、疼痛程度、不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果 研究組麻醉優(yōu)良率為100.00%,略高于對(duì)照組95.00%,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組麻醉后5 min平均動(dòng)脈壓及心率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);研究組術(shù)后自主呼吸恢復(fù)時(shí)間、睜眼時(shí)間、指令恢復(fù)時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);研究組術(shù)后MMSE、MoCA評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);研究組術(shù)后1、2、3 h VAS評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);研究組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 隆鼻手術(shù)中應(yīng)用丙泊酚復(fù)合納布啡進(jìn)行麻醉,能夠保證術(shù)中麻醉效果,維持生命體征穩(wěn)定,還能促使患者術(shù)后快速蘇醒,減輕其認(rèn)知功能損害及術(shù)后疼痛感,減少不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生幾率,兼具麻醉有效性和安全性。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 隆鼻手術(shù);靜脈全身麻醉;丙泊酚;納布啡
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R622 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1004-4949(2024)09-0129-04
Anesthetic Effect of Nalbuphine Combined with Propofol for Intravenous Anesthesia in Rhinoplasty
REN Yong-ying
(Anesthesiology Department of Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, Shandong, China)
[Abstract]Objective To investigate the anesthetic effect of nalbuphine combined with propofol for intravenous anesthesia in rhinoplasty. Methods A total of 80 patients undergoing rhinoplasty in Linyi Central Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and study group by random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The two groups of rhinoplasty were treated with intravenous general anesthesia + local anesthesia. The control group was treated with propofol + fentanyl, and the study group was treated with propofol + nalbuphine. The anesthesia effect, vital signs, postoperative anesthesia recovery time and adverse reactions, cognitive function and pain degree were compared between the two groups. Results The excellent and good rate of anesthesia in the study group was 100.00%, which was slightly higher than 95.00% in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in mean arterial pressure and heart rate between the two groups at 5 min after anesthesia (P>0.05). The postoperative spontaneous breathing recovery time, eye opening time and command recovery time in the study group were shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). After operation, the MMSE and MoCA scores of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The VAS score at 1,2 and 3 h after operation in the study group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of propofol combined with nalbuphine in rhinoplasty can ensure the effect of intraoperative anesthesia, maintain the stability of vital signs, promote the rapid recovery of patients after operation, reduce the cognitive impairment and postoperative pain, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and have the efficacy and safety of anesthesia.
[Key words] Rhinoplasty; Intravenous general anesthesia; Propofol; Nabupine
隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的提高,人們對(duì)于美的追求越來(lái)越高,越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)始選擇美容整形手術(shù)。隆鼻手術(shù)作為一種常見(jiàn)美容整形手術(shù),根據(jù)患者需求將假體植入鼻內(nèi),可提高鼻子美觀度[1-3]。為確保隆鼻手術(shù)的順利完成,在手術(shù)中需采取麻醉處理,其麻醉方式通常為靜脈全身麻醉復(fù)合局部麻醉,但在術(shù)中選擇何種麻醉藥物尚無(wú)統(tǒng)一規(guī)范。以往,隆鼻手術(shù)中常采用丙泊酚、芬太尼進(jìn)行麻醉,但芬太尼作為阿片類(lèi)藥物容易引起呼吸抑制、惡心嘔吐,其麻醉安全性有待提升。近年來(lái),納布啡作為一種新型的阿片類(lèi)藥物,在手術(shù)麻醉中逐漸得到應(yīng)用,具有良好的鎮(zhèn)痛效果[4-6]。為探討納布啡與丙泊酚復(fù)合麻醉用于隆鼻手術(shù)中的有效性和安全性,本研究旨在探討納布啡復(fù)合丙泊酚靜脈麻醉在隆鼻手術(shù)中的麻醉效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料 選取臨沂市中心醫(yī)院2022年1月-2024年1月收治的80例隆鼻手術(shù)患者為研究對(duì)象,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和研究組,各40例。對(duì)照組男23例,女17例;年齡21~69歲,平均年齡(46.49±5.32)歲;ASA分級(jí):Ⅰ級(jí)12例,Ⅱ級(jí)28例。研究組男21例,女19例;年齡20~70歲,平均年齡(46.72±5.28)歲,ASA分級(jí):Ⅰ級(jí)10例,Ⅱ級(jí)30例。兩組性別、年齡、ASA分級(jí)比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):接受隆鼻整形手術(shù);年齡>18歲;對(duì)手術(shù)知情,自愿簽署知情同意書(shū)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):存在凝血功能障礙;妊娠期或哺乳期女性;合并全身性炎癥;感染性疾??;心、肺、肝、腎功能受損;存在認(rèn)知障礙。
1.3 方法 兩組患者在隆鼻手術(shù)中均采取靜脈全身麻醉+局部麻醉,對(duì)照組術(shù)中麻醉藥物選擇丙泊酚(西安力邦制藥有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20010368,規(guī)格:10 ml∶100 mg)+芬太尼(宜昌人福藥業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H42022076,規(guī)格:2 ml∶0.1 mg),研究組術(shù)中麻醉藥物選擇丙泊酚+納布啡(宜昌人福藥業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20130127,規(guī)格:2 ml∶20 mg)。兩組先經(jīng)靜脈推注丙泊酚1.5~2.0 mg/kg,推注速率為4~5 mg/s;對(duì)照組給予芬太尼靜脈推注,劑量為1.0~2.0 μg/kg,研究組則給予納布啡靜脈推注,劑量為0.1~0.15 mg/kg,芬太尼、納布啡均在1 min內(nèi)推注完畢。麻醉起效后再經(jīng)靜脈泵注丙泊酚,每小時(shí)泵注4.0~6.0 mg/kg,手術(shù)結(jié)束前5 min停止用藥。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)
1.4.1評(píng)估兩組麻醉效果 患者切皮時(shí)無(wú)牽拉反射,始終保持安靜為優(yōu);切皮時(shí)伴有輕度牽拉反射,表情略微變化,尚可忍耐為良;切皮時(shí)伴有嚴(yán)重牽拉反射,出現(xiàn)明顯的痛苦表情,無(wú)法耐受為差。優(yōu)良率=(優(yōu)+良)/總例數(shù)×100%。
1.4.2監(jiān)測(cè)兩組生命體征指標(biāo) 在術(shù)中麻醉前及麻醉后5 min進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),包括平均動(dòng)脈壓、心率。
1.4.3記錄兩組術(shù)后麻醉蘇醒時(shí)間 包括術(shù)后自主呼吸恢復(fù)時(shí)間、睜眼時(shí)間、指令恢復(fù)時(shí)間。
1.4.4評(píng)估兩組認(rèn)知功能 應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)易精神狀態(tài)檢查量表(MMSE)、蒙特利爾認(rèn)知評(píng)估量表(MoCA)評(píng)估,總分均為30分,評(píng)分越高表示患者認(rèn)知功能越好。
1.4.5評(píng)估兩組疼痛程度 分別在術(shù)后1、2、3 h應(yīng)用視覺(jué)模擬評(píng)分法(VAS)評(píng)估,總分10分,評(píng)分越高表示患者疼痛程度越嚴(yán)重。
1.4.6記錄兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況 記錄寒戰(zhàn)、呼吸抑制、惡心等不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。
2.1 兩組麻醉效果比較 研究組麻醉優(yōu)良率略高于對(duì)照組,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組術(shù)中生命體征指標(biāo)比較 兩組麻醉后5 min平均動(dòng)脈壓及心率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 兩組術(shù)后麻醉蘇醒時(shí)間比較 研究組術(shù)后自主呼吸恢復(fù)時(shí)間、睜眼時(shí)間、指令恢復(fù)時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
2.4 兩組認(rèn)知功能評(píng)分比較 研究組術(shù)后MMSE、MoCA評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表4。
2.5 兩組術(shù)后疼痛評(píng)分比較 研究組術(shù)后1、2、3 h VAS評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表5。
2.6 兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況比較 研究組發(fā)生1例寒戰(zhàn);對(duì)照組發(fā)生3例寒戰(zhàn),2例呼吸抑制,2例惡心。研究組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為2.50%(1/40),低于對(duì)照組的17.50%(7/40)(χ2=5.000,P=0.025)。
隆鼻手術(shù)是美容整形科常見(jiàn)的一種整形手術(shù),主要是根據(jù)患者的面部五官情況和其具體需求,選擇不同材質(zhì)、不同大小的假體植入至鼻部,使鼻部更加美觀,從而改善面部美觀度,使患者的外貌形象得到改善[7-9]。隆鼻手術(shù)屬于侵入性操作,術(shù)中需進(jìn)行切皮等有創(chuàng)操作,會(huì)在一定程度上對(duì)患者造成創(chuàng)傷,麻醉對(duì)保障手術(shù)順利進(jìn)行具有重要意義[10,11]。此外,部分患者對(duì)于手術(shù)的舒適性提出了更高的要求,如何最大程度地滿(mǎn)足患者的麻醉需求成為隆鼻手術(shù)中麻醉方案選擇時(shí)需要解決的重要問(wèn)題。