[摘要]目的探討曲安奈德聯(lián)合595 nm脈沖染料激光(PDL)治療美容縫合術(shù)后切口早期增生性瘢痕的效果。
方法選取2021年12月—2023年6月我院門診收治的色素痣或體表腫物切除術(shù)后3個(gè)月內(nèi)切口形成增生性瘢痕的病人56例。以曲安奈德聯(lián)合595 nm PDL治療者為觀察組,595 nm PDL治療者為對(duì)照組,每組28例病人。采用改良溫哥華瘢痕量表、瘙癢程度數(shù)字評(píng)分法(NRS)和疼痛視覺(jué)模擬評(píng)分法(VAS)評(píng)價(jià)療效。比較兩組病人治療3~6個(gè)月后療效和不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率。
結(jié)果治療后,觀察組療效和滿意度均顯著優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(Z=2.6、3.5,P<0.05),瘢痕色澤、柔軟度、厚度以及VAS評(píng)分、NRS評(píng)分均顯著低于對(duì)照組(t=3.41~12.70,P<0.05)。兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
結(jié)論曲安奈德聯(lián)合595 nm PDL治療美容縫合術(shù)后早期切口增生性瘢痕臨床療效及滿意度較好,可廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床。
[關(guān)鍵詞]瘢痕;激光,染料;曲安奈德;外科,整形
[中圖分類號(hào)]R318.5;R619.6
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A
[文章編號(hào)]2096-5532(2024)04-0557-04doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2024.60.131
[開(kāi)放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)]
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版]https://link.cnki.net/urlid/37.1517.R.20240924.1914.002;2024-09-2516:21:39
Efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide combined with 595 nm pulsed dye laser in treatment of early postoperative hyperplastic scars
JIANG Xiaotang, QIU Xiaoyuan, YANG Qi, LIU Yuqian, LIU Yongsheng, CHEN Zhenyu
(Skin Laser Plastic Surgery Center of Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing 100000, China)
; [Abstract]ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide combined with 595 nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) in the treatment of hyperplastic scars in the early stage after cosmetic suture surgery.
MethodsThis study was conducted among 56 patients who underwent the resection of pigmented nevi or surface tumors at the outpatient service of our hospital from December 2021 to June 2023 and developed hyperplastic scars inincisions within 3 months after surgery. The patients treated with triamcinolone acetonide combined with 595 nm PDL were enrolled as observation group, and those treated with 595 nm PDL alone were enrolled as control group, with 28 patients in each group. The Modified Vancouver Scar Scale, Numerical Rating Scale(NRS) for pruritus, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain were used to evaluate the efficacy of treatment. The two groups were compared in terms of treatment outcome and the incidence rate of adverse events after 3-6 months of treatment.
ResultsAfter treatment, compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly better treatment outcome and degree of satisfaction (Z=2.6,3.5;P<0.05) and significantly lower scores of scar color/softness/thickness, VAS score, and NRS score (t=3.41-12.70,P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).
ConclusionTriamcinolone acetonide combined with 595 nm PDL has good clinical efficacy and degree of satisfaction in the treatment of hyperplastic scars in the early stage after cosmetic suture surgery, and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application.
[Key words]cicatrix; lasers, dye; triamcinolone acetonide; surgery, plastic
隨著人們對(duì)色素痣及體表腫物關(guān)注度的提高,要求手術(shù)切除的病人增多。病人既要切除腫物,也希望留有的切口術(shù)后瘢痕既小又輕微[1]。對(duì)于形成增生性瘢痕的病人,瘢痕不僅會(huì)對(duì)其生理及心理產(chǎn)生影響,還會(huì)降低其生活質(zhì)量。早期有效地治療增生性瘢痕顯得尤為重要[2]。治療增生性瘢痕的方式分為手術(shù)及非手術(shù)兩種[3]。手術(shù)切除后多會(huì)引起瘢痕復(fù)發(fā),故一般不采用。非手術(shù)方式包括糖皮質(zhì)激素注射、放射治療、冷凍治療、硅酮膠外用、光電治療、壓迫療法、干擾素注射等方法。隨著光電技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展,脈沖染料激光(PDL)越來(lái)越多地應(yīng)用于臨床[4]。本文分析了曲安奈德聯(lián)合595 nm PDL治療美容縫合術(shù)后早期切口增生性瘢痕的效果,以期為該方法廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床提供依據(jù)。
1資料和方法
1.1研究對(duì)象
選取2021年12月—2023年6月我院門診收治的色素痣或體表腫物切除術(shù)后3個(gè)月內(nèi)切口形成增生性瘢痕的病人。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①行色素痣或體表腫物切除術(shù)、整形美容縫合術(shù)且3個(gè)月內(nèi)瘢痕增生的病人;②接受595 nm PDL治療或曲安奈德及595 nm PDL治療的病人;③病人一般情況良好,皮膚無(wú)感染、破潰等現(xiàn)象,未合并心腦血管、糖尿病等原發(fā)基礎(chǔ)性疾病。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①曾做過(guò)其他治療的病人;②形成瘢痕疙瘩的病人;③無(wú)法配合完成治療的病人。共納入病人56例,年齡18~55歲。以曲安奈德聯(lián)合595 nm PDL治療者為觀察組,595 nm PDL治療者為對(duì)照組,每組28例病人。兩組病人的性別、瘢痕所在部位無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。本文研究獲得了醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn),病人簽署知情同意書。
1.2治療方法
所有病人取舒適體位,治療均由同一名經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的整形外科醫(yī)師操作。給病人佩戴護(hù)目鏡,使用碘附常規(guī)消毒局部皮膚。
1.2.1對(duì)照組采用595 nm PDL治療儀(型號(hào)為VBEAM PERFECTA;美國(guó)Candela Cprporation公司),波長(zhǎng)為595 nm,動(dòng)態(tài)冷卻系統(tǒng)(DCD)噴射/間隔時(shí)間為30/20 ms。治療參數(shù):脈寬0.45 ms、1.5 ms,光斑直徑 7 mm,能量密度5~9 J/cm2,光斑重疊<10%。觀察病人皮膚受適度,根據(jù)受適度調(diào)整相關(guān)參數(shù),以皮膚出現(xiàn)微紅或輕度紫癜為宜,治療后給予即刻局部冰敷15 min。每3~4周治療1次,共治療3~5次。
1.2.2觀察組采用曲安奈德聯(lián)合595 nm PDL治療。先行曲安奈德(40 mg,浙江制藥廠)局部瘢痕內(nèi)注射,取1 mL曲安奈德與10 g/L鹽酸利多卡因注射液等比例混合,注射量為0.2 mL/cm2,間斷均勻注射整個(gè)瘢痕,待其輕微隆起且發(fā)白為止。如瘢痕面積較大可分次治療,每次治療量不超過(guò)40 mg,間隔3~4周注射1次,共注射3~5次。曲安奈德局部注射后>3 h且<24 h時(shí)聯(lián)合595 nm PDL治療。聯(lián)合治療后局部消毒覆蓋無(wú)菌敷料并包扎,病人24 h內(nèi)局部避免接觸水,治療期間禁煙酒及辛辣刺激食物。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)
1.3.1臨床療效根據(jù)瘢痕軟硬改變、顏色改善及伴隨癥狀減緩程度等判斷療效。①有效:以上情況均緩解超過(guò)75%;②好轉(zhuǎn):以上情況均緩解50%~75%;③無(wú)效:以上情況改善輕微或未見(jiàn)改善。
1.3.2瘢痕改善情況治療前后采用改良溫哥華瘢痕量表(mVSS)[5]進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)瘢痕色澤、柔軟度、厚度等方面進(jìn)行評(píng)分,總分為0~18分,分值與瘢痕嚴(yán)重程度呈正相關(guān)。采用視覺(jué)模擬評(píng)分法(VAS)對(duì)病人疼痛情況進(jìn)行評(píng)分,總分0~10分,評(píng)分越高,痛感越強(qiáng)。瘙癢程度評(píng)分采用數(shù)字評(píng)分法(NRS),總分0~10分,分值越高,瘙癢感越強(qiáng)。
1.3.3滿意度治療后3個(gè)月回訪病人對(duì)治療效果的評(píng)價(jià),分為非常滿意、基本滿意、不滿意。
1.3.4不良反應(yīng)記錄治療后可能出現(xiàn)的疼痛、水皰、紫癜、色素沉著、色素脫失等不良反應(yīng)。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
采用SPSS 25.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。連續(xù)變量以±s表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn)。分類變量以例(%)表示,組間比較采用卡方檢驗(yàn)和秩和檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組臨床療效比較
治療后,觀察組療效優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=2.6,P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.2兩組mVSS、VAS、NRS評(píng)分比較
治療后,觀察組病人瘢痕色澤、柔軟度、厚度等mVSS評(píng)分以及VAS、NRS評(píng)分均較對(duì)照組減少,差異有顯著性(t=3.41~12.70,P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。
2.3兩組滿意度比較
治療后,觀察組滿意度高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=3.5,P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。
2.4兩組不良反應(yīng)比較
兩組病人治療期間出現(xiàn)疼痛、水皰、紫癜、色素脫失、色素沉著等不良反應(yīng),經(jīng)過(guò)相應(yīng)對(duì)癥處理癥狀均可緩解,兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表5。
2.5典型病例
例1為前胸部體表腫物切除術(shù)后2個(gè)月切口增生性瘢痕,例2為唇周色素痣切除術(shù)后1個(gè)月切口增生性瘢痕,其治療前后效果對(duì)比見(jiàn)圖1。
3討論
整形外科手術(shù),除精細(xì)的手術(shù)縫合技術(shù)外,術(shù)后早期切口瘢痕增生的治療也尤為重要[6]。增生性瘢痕通常表現(xiàn)為局部形成凸起、表面光滑、按壓堅(jiān)硬,顏色為粉紫色或淺或深不等,伴有疼痛和瘙癢等癥狀,一般不會(huì)對(duì)邊界皮膚造成損傷,是創(chuàng)傷愈合后留下的痕跡[7]。早期干預(yù)增生性瘢痕是改善預(yù)后的關(guān)鍵[8],增加了病人術(shù)后的滿意度[9]。
治療增生性瘢痕的方式有多種,但單一應(yīng)用均有較多并發(fā)癥[10]。糖皮質(zhì)激素注射可抑制纖維細(xì)胞增生,減少膠原和黏多糖的合成,抑制瘢痕周圍組織成纖維細(xì)胞過(guò)度增殖,減緩致炎因子釋放,控制瘢痕生長(zhǎng),促進(jìn)瘢痕恢復(fù)[11]。但多次注射會(huì)誘發(fā)感染,造成胃腸道刺激,引發(fā)神經(jīng)精神系統(tǒng)興奮、高糖血癥、骨質(zhì)疏松等。激光治療分為剝脫性和非剝脫性,傳統(tǒng)剝脫性CO2激光、鉺激光、點(diǎn)陣激光均在治療增生性瘢痕方面有較好的效果,但它們也產(chǎn)生許多并發(fā)癥。因此,非剝脫性PDL較多應(yīng)用于臨床治療中。PDL是基于選擇性光熱分解原理,可以在不傷害表皮結(jié)構(gòu)的情況下?lián)p傷和破壞皮膚小血管。其最初的波長(zhǎng)為577 nm,目前主要是應(yīng)用585或595 nm的光譜[12]。小血管的血紅蛋白可吸收這些特定波長(zhǎng)的能量,從而可引起缺血導(dǎo)致微血管受到破壞,血管供應(yīng)減少導(dǎo)致低氧血癥,低氧導(dǎo)致的血管凝結(jié)破壞了次級(jí)膠原蛋白[13]。之后由于繼發(fā)性效應(yīng),二硫鍵被解離,膠原蛋白產(chǎn)生減少,基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶等酶的表達(dá)被誘導(dǎo),導(dǎo)致增生性瘢痕中纖維結(jié)構(gòu)的松動(dòng)和重組,瘢痕營(yíng)養(yǎng)喪失,進(jìn)而起到改善瘢痕增生的作用[14]。破壞皮膚小血管可顯著減輕色紅和瘙癢癥狀[15]。PDL穿透深度有限,1 cm內(nèi)效果較好[16]。術(shù)后早期形成的增生性瘢痕可應(yīng)用PDL治療[17]。LESZCZYNSKI等[18]不僅第一次證明了PDL可治療增生性瘢痕,還進(jìn)一步證明通過(guò)局部注射曲安奈德可顯著減輕瘙癢癥狀。臨床中單獨(dú)應(yīng)用曲安奈德注射,其有效率未達(dá)到良好的效果,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率及復(fù)發(fā)率也較高[19]。本研究將局部注射曲安奈德與595 nm PDL聯(lián)合應(yīng)用,PDL可以通過(guò)熱效應(yīng)和真皮微孔將曲安奈德藥效直接傳遞到真皮組織[20],減緩細(xì)胞代謝引起的血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的異常增殖,進(jìn)而獲得良好的治療效果[21]。本研究中曲安奈德的藥物劑量較小且安全,可減少糖皮質(zhì)激素帶來(lái)的不良并發(fā)癥。PDL也可采用較小的安全能量,從而避免了單獨(dú)應(yīng)用PDL治療時(shí)為使治療效果明顯而使用較大能量導(dǎo)致的皮膚相關(guān)癥狀改變。二者協(xié)同作用不僅降低了治療風(fēng)險(xiǎn),而且增強(qiáng)了修復(fù)效果[22]。與對(duì)照組相比,本研究觀察組修復(fù)效果更好,病人的治療周期縮短??赡苁锹?lián)合治療促進(jìn)了皮膚表面低分子肽的分泌,加速了細(xì)胞的增殖和分裂,從而促進(jìn)了上皮和黏膜組織的再生,為瘢痕修復(fù)創(chuàng)造了有利的環(huán)境。本研究觀察組病人治療過(guò)程中的疼痛和瘙癢程度較對(duì)照組輕,滿意度較對(duì)照組高,說(shuō)明聯(lián)合治療在修復(fù)瘢痕的同時(shí)有效改善了病人的心理狀態(tài),提高了病人的滿意度和預(yù)后。
綜上所述,曲安奈德聯(lián)合595 nm PDL治療的有效率及病人滿意度明顯高于595 nm PDL單一治療,治療后瘢痕軟硬度、顏色及伴隨癥狀均有改善,表明該方法可更廣泛地應(yīng)用于臨床治療。
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(本文編輯周曉彬)
青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)2024年4期