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“曹禺好課堂”校本教研促課堂教學(xué)改進

2024-11-08 00:00楊倩
湖北教育·教育教學(xué) 2024年11期

潛江市曹禺中學(xué)以“曹禺好課堂”為核心推進校本教研體系建設(shè),助力課堂教學(xué)提質(zhì)增效,促進教師專業(yè)素質(zhì)提升和學(xué)生核心素養(yǎng)發(fā)展。學(xué)校制定《曹禺好課堂建設(shè)指導(dǎo)意見》,明確“曹禺好課堂”校本教研的目標、內(nèi)容,集體備課、骨干教師示范課、青年教師研討課、同組教師互動評課、典型課例分析與打磨等環(huán)節(jié)循環(huán)促進的落實方式,以及觀課、評課要求等。

通過這樣的校本教研活動,教師不僅明確了“曹禺好課堂”的學(xué)習(xí)中心理念和學(xué)生自主、能動學(xué)習(xí)的特征,還掌握了根據(jù)學(xué)科特點和學(xué)生實際設(shè)計與實施教學(xué)的有效方法。筆者以仁愛版英語七年級下冊Unit 8 Topic 2 The summer holidays are coming Section D的教學(xué)改進為例,談“曹禺好課堂”校本教研在促進課堂提質(zhì)增效方面的做法及成效。

一、改進導(dǎo)入形式,讓已有經(jīng)驗相互關(guān)聯(lián)

第一次教學(xué)時,教師以“Jack is going to Sichuan, and can you give him some advice?”導(dǎo)入,學(xué)生根據(jù)Section B和C所學(xué)內(nèi)容提出了解天氣、準備服裝等方面的建議?;釉u課環(huán)節(jié),觀課教師提出這種復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)入方式比較乏味,缺乏貫通,沒有觸及學(xué)生自身的旅游經(jīng)歷,不利于關(guān)聯(lián)后續(xù)寫作環(huán)節(jié)?;诖?,在集體教研之后,教師做出如下改進。

第二次教學(xué)引入環(huán)節(jié),教師展示自己的書法作品——白居易的《錢塘湖春行》。學(xué)生欣賞作品的同時,教師提問:①Who wrote this Chinese poem? ②When did he go there? ③Where did he go? ④What did he do there? ⑤How did he like his trip? ⑥Why did he go there? 學(xué)生依次回答以上問題后,發(fā)現(xiàn)《錢塘湖春行》是白居易依據(jù)自己游覽錢塘湖的見聞和感悟?qū)懙囊皇灼哐月稍?,類似一篇游記,并初步推斷游記?yīng)包括When(時間)、Where(地點)、Who(人物)、What(事件)、Why(原因)、How(結(jié)果)等要素。教師順勢點撥:中文游記和英文游記都應(yīng)該結(jié)合這六個要素(簡稱“5W1H”)敘事。緊接著,教師提問:Where did you go for a trip on May Day? Can you share your experience with us? 學(xué)生回憶自己的旅行經(jīng)歷,并用簡單、完整的句子描述。以下文本是一名學(xué)生分享的游玩黃鶴樓的經(jīng)歷。

My parents took me to Wuhan on May Day. We visited the Yellow Crane Tower. There were so many people that we spent about an hour reaching the top of the tower. There, we enjoyed the beauty of the Yangtze River. Though a little tired, we were very happy.

改進后的教學(xué),教師借助古詩《錢塘湖春行》創(chuàng)設(shè)學(xué)習(xí)情境,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生體會和歸納游記的寫作要素,用分享旅游經(jīng)歷的活動喚醒學(xué)生自身的旅游記憶,為后續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)打下了基礎(chǔ)。

二、改hGfWmJ5gKZp/W7zxoJKi8tedOKeRvJTWS2CsS4l4dd4=進文本分析層次,給寫作提供邏輯支架

第一次教學(xué)時,教師基于文本脈絡(luò)依次提出以下問題:①How was Jack’s trip? ②Where did he go? ③How did he go there? ④How was the weather there? ⑤What did he do there? 學(xué)生依據(jù)文本內(nèi)容一一作答:“It was wonderful”;“He went to Sichuan”;“He went there by plane”;“It was sunny and warm”;“He visited some places of interest, took some photos, enjoyed the delicious food, bought many gifts and so on”。由此,教師給出游記的行文思路,即按照以上問題呈現(xiàn)的順序?qū)憽?/p>

集體教研時,組內(nèi)教師提出以下問題:教師授課時局限于解讀文本中主人公Jack的游玩經(jīng)歷,導(dǎo)致學(xué)生拘泥于文本細節(jié),而忽視了更重要的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容——文本結(jié)構(gòu),這樣教學(xué)不利于學(xué)生把握游記的寫作邏輯?;诖?,組內(nèi)教師共同研討出如下改進策略:在分析文本細節(jié)之前引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注文本類型和體裁,整體感知文本,即從結(jié)構(gòu)和細節(jié)兩個方面下功夫。

第二次教學(xué)時,教師先借助問題鏈引導(dǎo)學(xué)生整體分析語篇:①Who wrote this postcard? ②What kind of article is it? ③What’s the text type of the passage? 學(xué)生通過閱讀文本獲取以下信息:本文是Jack寄給好友Cao Yan的明信片上的內(nèi)容;Jack用記敘的方式向好友分享自己到四川旅游的經(jīng)歷。此環(huán)節(jié)幫助學(xué)生明確了文本的類型(明信片)和體裁(游記)。然后,教師聚焦“5W1H”六要素,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對語篇進行微觀解讀,理清文本內(nèi)容。學(xué)生梳理出如下內(nèi)容:Jack went to Sichuan by air on May 3rd;He went there with his family;He visited some places of interest, took some photos, enjoyed the delicious food, bought many gifts and so on;His trip was wonderful;He went to Sichuan because of the beautiful scenery, delicious food and friendly people. 在教師的點撥下,學(xué)生對文本的框架和細節(jié)有了進一步理解,并歸納出游記可以按照“When, Where, Who, What, Why, How”的邏輯思路寫。

三、增設(shè)中英文對比賞析,優(yōu)化英文習(xí)作語言表達

第一次教學(xué)時,在理解文本內(nèi)容后,大部分學(xué)生能夠模仿范文寫作,但教師發(fā)現(xiàn)部分學(xué)生習(xí)作的語言表達不夠簡潔,缺乏細節(jié)描寫,詞匯和句式不夠豐富,并且在生生互評中,學(xué)生沒有察覺這個問題。基于此,在集體教研之后,教師做出如下改進。

在寫作前,教師添加中英文語篇對比賞析環(huán)節(jié),讓學(xué)生欣賞古詩《錢塘湖春行》的中英文對照版本(具體文本略),在賞析古詩詞語言美的同時,進一步學(xué)習(xí)如何用英語記錄旅游經(jīng)歷。對比閱讀后,學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn):與古詩相比,英文的表達在景物描寫方面使用了簡潔的語言直抒胸臆,在修辭手法上更傾向于運用比喻和擬人提升語言的生動性。學(xué)生由此領(lǐng)悟到要在自己的英文習(xí)作中用簡潔的語言記錄旅游經(jīng)歷,用豐富的詞匯和句式描寫細節(jié)。隨后,教師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生梳理可以用在游記中的好詞好句。學(xué)生積累了以下內(nèi)容:a pleasant trip / one of one’s favorite cities is... / can’t wait to do / different from / places of interest / so...that...在此基礎(chǔ)上,教師將游玩過同一個地方的學(xué)生分為一組,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生用明信片的形式記錄旅游經(jīng)歷。學(xué)生完成初稿后,教師利用自評表引導(dǎo)學(xué)生圍繞“5W1H”六要素自評并修改習(xí)作。評價表中的指標有:①短文中六要素齊全(8分);②短文表達豐富(詞匯豐富、句式多樣、有生動的細節(jié)描寫)(3分);③拼寫、標點、語法正確(2分);④短文書寫工整(2分)。自評后,組內(nèi)成員互評并推出優(yōu)秀代表作在全班分享,教師適時補充評價和指導(dǎo)。第1組學(xué)生分享的游玩河南省洛陽市經(jīng)歷的優(yōu)秀作品如下。

Dear Kangkang,

How are you doing? I had a wonderful trip in Luoyang. I went there with my family on May Day. The weather was so pleasant that we stayed there for a whole week, and we all had a good time there.

I visited some places of interest, such as Longmen Grottoes and White Horse Temple. There were many people in Hanfu on the street. They looked very beautiful. I took some photos with them. I also ate some delicious food. It tasted nice, and was different from our food in Hubei. Luoyang is such a beautiful city that I want to visit it again in the future.

Please give my love to your parents.

Yours,

Li Ming

學(xué)生的習(xí)作不但邏輯清晰,而且語言優(yōu)美,用詞精當,句式多樣。如使用“so...that..., for a whole week, have a good time”等短語簡潔明了地表達,突出了游玩時天氣好、玩得很開心的感受;使用“such...that...”句型表達出作者對洛陽的喜愛之情,以及對此次旅游的好評。

(作者單位:潛江市曹禺中學(xué))

責(zé)任編輯 劉佳