摘 要:根據(jù)Lorentz-breaking理論對弦量場作用量進行修正并應用變分原理得到了高維Schwarzschild-de Sitter黑洞時空中的費米子動力學方程。通過對此動力學方程的研究得到了高維 Schwarzschild-de Sitter黑洞事件視界處和宇宙視界處的量子隧穿率的修正形式,從而研究了此黑洞事件視界處和宇宙視界處的修正形式的Hawking溫度和 Bekenstein-Hawking熵的新的表達式。在得到研究結果的基礎之上,文中最后還對研究方法和結論進行了討論。
關鍵詞:Lorentz-breaking理論;黑洞量子隧穿率;Fermions;高維Schwarzschild-de Sitter時空;黑洞熵
中圖分類號:O412 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1673-5072(2024)06-0656-05
黑洞視界處的Hawking量子隧穿輻射理論揭示了量子論、引力論、熱力學統(tǒng)計物理之間的聯(lián)系。利用量子隧穿輻射理論,眾多學者研究了真實意義的黑洞量子隧穿輻射特征[1-6]。Kerner和Mann[7-8]利用半經(jīng)典方法研究了自旋為1/2的Fermions在黑洞事件視界處的量子隧穿輻射特征。文獻[9-13]提出了研究Hawking量子隧穿輻射的一種方法,并揭示了彎曲時空中的Dirac方程與Hamilton-Jacobi方程之間的內在聯(lián)系。近年來,人們對弦論和量子引力理論的研究表明Lorentz色散關系在高能領域內需要做出一定的修正。由于Lorentz色散關系的理論是廣義相對論和量子理論的基本理論,因此Lorentz色散關系的修正及Lorentz-breaking理論在平直時空和彎曲時空中的相關研究引起了人們的廣泛關注。
根據(jù)Lorentz-breaking理論,人們在平直時空和彎曲時空中對Fermions動力學方程進行了必要的修正,并對黑洞視界處的Fermions的量子隧穿輻射率等物理量進行了修正[14-21]。這些文獻所涉及的背景是四維彎曲時空,研究內容涉及靜態(tài)、穩(wěn)態(tài)和動態(tài)黑洞。宇宙學的觀測結果表明,宇宙學常數(shù)是正的,因此,在宇宙學和引力理論的研究過程中,對不同黑洞宇宙視界處Fermions隧穿輻射的研究是一類值得關注的課題。此外,四維時空無法滿足弦論研究的理論要求,因此在ADS/CFT理論中人們對高維黑洞進行研究。因此,研究高維時空理論會對理論物理的研究起著促進的作用,高維黑洞彎曲時空中研究事件視界和宇宙視界處的Fermions隧穿是一項有意義的研究工作。
1 修正的旋量場作用量和Fermions動力學方程
通過以上研究方法所得到的一系列結果是對高維Schwarzschild-de Sitter黑洞量子隧穿輻射的修正,同時也為研究其他的高維黑洞的Fermions隧穿輻射的修正和熱力學特征提供參考價值。文中結論是半經(jīng)典理論下的結果,若要考慮量子微擾的效應,就必須利用超越半經(jīng)典理論研究的微擾修正。需要進一步說明的是,不同的彎曲時空有不同的特征,必須根據(jù)具體的時空特征進行研究。以上方法對Bosons修正不適用,應該從修正標量場的作用量開始進行相關的研究。
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Modification of Fermions Quantum Tunneling Emissivity at the Horizonof High-dimensional Schwarzschild-de Sitter Black Hole
YU Zi-han,LI Ran,LUO Zhi-quan,YANG Shu-zheng
(School of Physics and Astronomy,China West Normal University,Nanchong Sichuan 637009,China)
Abstract:The action of the string field is modified in accordance with Lorentz-breaking theory,and the variational principle is applied to obtain Fermions dynamics equation in the spacetime of high-dimensional Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole.The modification form of quantum tunneling rate at the event horizon and cosmic horizon of high-dimensional Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole are obtained through the study of this dynamics equation.Thus,the new expressions of Hawking temperature and Bekenstein-Hawking entropy at the event horizon and cosmic horizon of this black hole are studied.On the basis of the research results,the last part of the paper conducts an in-depth discussion about the research methods and the series of conclusions drawn.
Keywords:Lorentz-breaking theory;quantum tunneling rate of black hole;Fermions;high-dimensional Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime;black hole entropy