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地舒單抗對骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)后再發(fā)骨折的防治

2025-02-03 00:00:00向守裕唐程凌龍劉煒白兵曹燕明
國際老年醫(yī)學雜志 2025年1期
關(guān)鍵詞:壓縮性成形術(shù)單抗

[摘" 要]" 目的" 探討地舒單抗對骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)后再發(fā)骨折的預(yù)防效果。方法" 選取2022年1月—2022年12月在廣州醫(yī)科大學附屬第二醫(yī)院骨科診斷為骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折行經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)治療的72例患者作為研究對象,按照隨機數(shù)表法將其分成兩組各36例。對照組給予常規(guī)抗骨質(zhì)疏松治療,觀察組在對照組治療的基礎(chǔ)上加用地舒單抗,兩組均進行1年隨訪,比較1年內(nèi)兩組的再骨折率及骨密度(BMD)、疼痛視覺模擬量表(VAS)評分、Oswestry功能障礙指數(shù)(ODI)、Beck值、矢狀面Cobb角和Ⅰ型前膠原氨基端前肽(PINP)、Ⅰ型膠原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)的水平。結(jié)果" 兩組術(shù)前BMD、VAS評分、ODI、Beck值、矢狀面Cobb角和PINP及β-CTX水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后隨訪6個月,觀察組BMD大于對照組(P<0.05),VAS評分、ODI及PINP和β-CTX水平低于對照組(P<0.05);術(shù)后隨訪1年,觀察組BMD和Beck值大于對照組(P<0.05),再骨折率、VAS評分、ODI、矢狀面Cobb角及PINP和β-CTX水平均低于對照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論" 地舒單抗治療可以有效緩解骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折患者經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)后的疼痛,促進骨折愈合,增加椎體骨密度,降低椎體再骨折的發(fā)生率。" [關(guān)鍵詞]" 地舒單抗;骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折;椎體成形術(shù)

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7593.2025.01.004

收稿日期:2024-04-07" 修回日期:2024-05-25" 錄用日期:2024-05-28

*廣東省自然科學基金項目(2022A1515010829)

**通信作者:曹燕明,電子郵箱gyeycym@163.com

Prevention and treatment of recurrent fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty with

denosumab in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures

Xiang Shouyu, Tang Cheng, Ling Long, Liu Wei, Bai Bingwen, Cao Yanming**

Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou" 510245

**Corresponding author:Cao Yanming, email:gyeycym@163.com" [Abstract]" Objective" To investigate the preventive effect of denosumab on recurrent fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Methods" A total of 72 patients diagnosed with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty in the orthopedic department of" the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects.Patients were randomly divided into two groups, each had 36 cases.The control group received conventional anti-osteoporosis treatment, and the observation group added denosumab on the basis of control group treatment.Both groups were followed for 1 year, while the fracture rate and the levels of bone mineral density(BMD), visual analogue scale(VAS) score, oswestry disability index(ODI), beck value, sagittal cobb angle and procollagen type ⅠN-terminal propeptid(PINP) and β-carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen(β-CTX) were compared between the two groups. Results" There was no significant preoperative on BMD, VAS score, ODI index,beck values, sagittal cobb angle, PINP and β-CTX levels between the two groups before the surgery(Pgt;0.05); After postoperative follow-up of 6 months, BMD in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (Plt;0.05), while VAS score, ODI index, PINP and β-CTX levels were lower than those in the control group (Plt;0.05).At 1 year postoperative follow-up, BMD and beck values in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (Plt;0.05), while fracture rate, VAS score, ODI index, sagittal cobb angle and PINP and β-CTX levels were lower than those in the control group(Plt;0.05). Conclusion" Denosumab treatment effectively relieves pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, promotes fracture healing, increases vertebral bone mineral density, and reduces the incidence of vertebral refractures.

[Key words]" Denosumab; Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures; Vertebroplasty

骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折已經(jīng)逐漸成為危害老年人健康的主要慢性疾病之一[1]。在加速康復(fù)外科理念的推動下,保守治療無效的骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折患者,經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)成為首選的手術(shù)方式[2]。然而,最近的研究表明骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折患者經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)后椎體再發(fā)骨折率呈逐年上升趨勢,且再次手術(shù)會增加再發(fā)骨折及手術(shù)并發(fā)癥發(fā)生的風險[3]。因此,防止骨量丟失、預(yù)防椎體術(shù)后再發(fā)骨折已經(jīng)成為臨床上亟待解決的問題。地舒單抗具有特異性結(jié)合核因子-κB受體活化因子配體(Receptor activator for nuclear factor-κ B ligand,RANKL)能力,是一種能抑制破骨細胞活性和功能的單克隆抗體[4]。國外研究已表明,地舒單抗注射1年后,可顯著增加椎體骨密度5%以上,經(jīng)過3年的持續(xù)治療,可使新發(fā)椎體骨折發(fā)生率降低68%[5]。本研究旨在探討地舒單抗對骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折患者經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)后再發(fā)骨折的預(yù)防效果,以期為臨床用藥提供參考。

1" 對象與方法

1.1" 研究對象

選取2022年1月—2022年12月在廣州醫(yī)科大學附屬第二醫(yī)院骨科診斷為骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折行經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)治療的72例患者作為研究對象。納入標準:①根據(jù)《骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折診療與管理專家共識》[6]確診的骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折患者;②單一椎體節(jié)段2周內(nèi)骨折的患者;③核磁共振成像上表現(xiàn)的椎體新發(fā)骨折。排除標準:①病理性骨折;②不穩(wěn)定骨折;③合并脊髓和神經(jīng)損傷;④椎管狹窄程度超出30%;⑤肝腎功能不全,嚴重內(nèi)科疾病,凝血功能障礙,低血鈣,對地舒單抗過敏,有糖皮質(zhì)激素服用史;⑥一般情況較差,不能依從者;⑦臨床數(shù)據(jù)和隨訪資料不全。按照隨機數(shù)表法將其分成兩組各36例,對照組男11例,女25例,平均年齡(71.8±8.7)歲,平均體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(22.65±2.81)kg/m2;觀察組男17例,女19例,平均年齡(67.8±8.6)歲,平均體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(22.43±2.64)kg/m2。兩組一般資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。本研究經(jīng)本院倫理委員會批準,患者自愿簽署知情同意書。

1.2" 方法

患者取俯臥位,透視下進行術(shù)前定位后消毒鋪巾。1%鹽酸利多卡因浸潤麻醉后,在目標椎體椎弓根平面上,于棘突兩側(cè)約3 cm處進行小切口操作,沿著切口置入穿刺針頭,在透視下確保針頭在椎弓根投影里面走行,緩慢穿刺直至針頭到達距椎體前緣1/3的位置。調(diào)制水泥并取出針芯,再將調(diào)制好的水泥沿著套管注射至椎體內(nèi),約3 mL。注射完畢后插入針芯,待水泥凝固后拔出穿刺針,酒精消毒傷口后蓋敷料貼。

兩組術(shù)后同時給予抗骨質(zhì)疏松藥物口服,碳酸鈣D3顆粒(北京朗迪制藥有限公司,生產(chǎn)批號20211105,規(guī)格1.25 g/袋)1袋/次,2次/d;骨化三醇膠丸(上海羅氏制藥有限公司,生產(chǎn)批號202109029,規(guī)格0.25 μg/粒)1粒/次,2次/d。術(shù)后次日,觀察組在常規(guī)治療上再加上地舒單抗注射(安進生物有限公司,生產(chǎn)批號1132055,規(guī)格60 mg/支),60 mg/次,半年注射1次。

1.3" 觀察指標

記錄并統(tǒng)計兩組的一般資料及臨床資料,包括性別、年齡、體質(zhì)量、身高,術(shù)前、術(shù)后6個月、術(shù)后1年的腰椎骨密度(Bone mineral density,BMD)、疼痛視覺模擬量表(Visual analogue scale,VAS)評分、Oswestry功能障礙指數(shù)(Oswestry disability index,ODI)、Beck值(Beck值為椎體前緣高度與椎體后緣高度的比值)、矢狀面Cobb角(傷椎上下終板垂線間的夾角)和Ⅰ型前膠原氨基端前肽(Procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal propeptid,PINP)和Ⅰ型膠原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen,β-CTX)水平。

1.4" 統(tǒng)計學方法

采用SPSS24.0統(tǒng)計學軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。正態(tài)分布計量資料以x±s表示,采用t檢驗及方差分析;計數(shù)資料使用χ2檢驗;檢驗水準α=0.05。

2" 結(jié)果

2.1" 兩組再骨折率和骨密度比較

術(shù)后6個月,觀察組再骨折率為2.8%(1/36);對照組再骨折率為8.3%(3/36),兩組再骨折率比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=1.059,P>0.05)。術(shù)后1年,觀察組再骨折率[5.6%(2/36)]低于對照組[27.8%(10/36)](χ2=6.400,P<0.05)。兩組術(shù)前腰椎BMD比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后6個月及1年,觀察組腰椎BMD大于對照組且大于術(shù)前(P<0.05),見表1。

2.2" 兩組VAS評分和ODI的比較

術(shù)前兩組VAS評分和ODI比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)后隨訪6個月和1年,兩組VAS評分和ODI均低于術(shù)前(P<0.05),且觀察組均低于對照組(P<0.05),見表2。

2.3" 兩組Beck值和矢狀面Cobb角比較

兩組術(shù)前和術(shù)后6個月的Beck值及矢狀面Cobb角比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)后1年,觀察組Beck值大于對照組(P<0.05),矢狀面Cobb角小于對照組(P<0.05)。兩組術(shù)后6個月及術(shù)后1年的Beck值均大于術(shù)前(P<0.05),Cobb角均小于術(shù)前(P<0.05),見表3。2.4" 兩組PINP和β-CTX水平比較

術(shù)前兩組PINP和β-CTX水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)后6個月及術(shù)后1年,觀察組的PINP和β-CTX水平均低于對照組(P<0.05)。觀察組術(shù)后1年的PINP水平低于術(shù)前(P<0.05),術(shù)后6月及術(shù)后1年的β-CTX水平均低于術(shù)前(P<0.05),見表4。

3" 討論

經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)是目前臨床上治療骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折的主要手術(shù)方式,由于手術(shù)時間短、術(shù)后恢復(fù)快及并發(fā)癥較少,所以受到許多脊柱外科醫(yī)生的青睞。盡管經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)有上述優(yōu)點,但術(shù)后椎體仍有再發(fā)骨折的風險,而其中以相鄰椎體最為常見。有研究表明,其術(shù)后再骨折的發(fā)生率可高達12%~52%,主要原因可能與骨水泥的材料和注射量、骨折的初始部位和恢復(fù)高度等有關(guān)[7-8]。也有其他學者認為與性別、年齡、椎體骨折的數(shù)量及缺乏骨質(zhì)疏松治療等有關(guān)[9]。盡管影響經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)后椎體再發(fā)骨折的因素很多,但目前已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多預(yù)防椎體術(shù)后再發(fā)骨折的方法。錢黎等[10]通過回顧性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),唑來磷酸鈉治療明顯能夠降低經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)后2年的椎體再骨折的風險。郝錳等[11]發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)過1年的特立帕肽治療,大部分患者的椎體再發(fā)骨折的風險明顯降低。這些研究均表明經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)后聯(lián)合抗骨質(zhì)疏松藥物在椎體再發(fā)骨折的預(yù)防上展現(xiàn)出良好的應(yīng)用前景。

目前臨床上治療骨質(zhì)疏松藥物有很多,主要有兩種,一種是促進成骨分化為主,另一種是抑制破骨細胞為主,地舒單抗屬于后者,它能夠與RANKL相耦合,從而阻礙RANKL與其受體RANK結(jié)合,抑制破骨細胞的生成與活化,進而減少骨的吸收,提高骨密度[12-13]。地舒單抗作為全球迄今唯一獲得批準上市的單克隆抗體類藥物,為老年骨質(zhì)疏松疾病的治療提供了新的解決方案。最近的研究表明,在絕經(jīng)后骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折的女性患者經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)后,應(yīng)用地舒單抗可有效緩解患者的疼痛,改善骨密度,抑制骨吸收,降低術(shù)后新發(fā)椎體骨折發(fā)生率[14-15]。此外,雷耀珍等[16]通過對骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折患者隨機臨床對照研究發(fā)現(xiàn),術(shù)后應(yīng)用地舒單抗能有效改善患者的骨代謝、減輕臨床癥狀、減少椎體再骨折發(fā)生,與本研究結(jié)果相符。

綜上所述,骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折患者經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)后給予地舒單抗治療,可以有效緩解疼痛,促進骨折愈合,提高椎體骨密度,減少椎體再骨折的發(fā)生。

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[13]Makras P, Yavropoulou M P, Anastasilakis A D, et al. Transient osteoporosis of the hip following discontinuation of denosumab and switch to alendronate treatment[J]. Osteoporos Int, 2024,35(4):741-743.

[14]Kao F C, Hsu Y C, Chen T S, et al. Effects of injected antiosteoporotic medication versus oral bisphosphonates on rates of repeated vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty[J]. Clin Ther, 2020,42(6):1087-1098.e2.

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