馮　凌

1. …that the longest moustache reached a length of 1.6 metres and that the longest poisonous snake is 5.71 metres long. ……最長(zhǎng)的胡須長(zhǎng)達(dá)1.6米，最長(zhǎng)的毒蛇長(zhǎng)達(dá)5.71米。

reach動(dòng)詞，作“到達(dá)；達(dá)到”解時(shí)可以是及物動(dòng)詞，也可以是不及物動(dòng)詞。

The wave may only be a few metres high in the ocean but when it is near the shore and reaches shallow water, the wave builds up very quickly in height. 波浪在海中或許只有幾米高，但是在靠近海岸進(jìn)入淺水的時(shí)候，高度迅速增加。

〖提醒注意〗

⑴ reach作“到達(dá)”解時(shí)是個(gè)非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用于完成式時(shí)，不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：

我到北京已經(jīng)一個(gè)多月了。

I have reached Beijing for more than a month. （誤）

I reached Beijing more than a month ago. （正）

I have been in Beijing for more than a month. （正）

⑵ reach作“傳開(kāi)；深入”解時(shí)為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后須用介詞與賓語(yǔ)連接。如：

聲音一直傳到大廳的后面。

The sound reached the back of the hall. （誤）

The sound reached to the back of the hall. （正）

〖拓展延伸〗

reach還可作名詞用，作“伸出；觸及的距離；伸手長(zhǎng)度”解。如：

make a reach for sth./sb. 伸手拿某物（抓某人）

He got a book on the shelf by a long reach. 他伸長(zhǎng)手到架子上拿了一本書(shū)。

2. Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrongs struggle against disease. 雖然這項(xiàng)記錄令人難忘，但阿姆斯特朗與疾病抗?fàn)幍墓适卤人恿钊瞬毮俊?/p>

⑴impressive adj. 意思是“給人印象深刻的；感人的”。如：

an impressive scene 難忘的場(chǎng)面

〖發(fā)散思維〗

impress v. 給……極深的印象；引人注目；銘刻；印，壓印n. 印記；印象效應(yīng)

impression n. 壓印，印記，壓痕；印次，版；底色；印象，感想，模糊的觀念；效果，影響

impressionism n. （繪畫(huà)、文藝等方面的）印象主義；印象派

impressionist n. 印象派藝術(shù)家 adj. 印象主義的

impress on/upon sb. 給某人極深的印象

⑵as conj. 作“雖然；盡管”解時(shí)，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

Tired as they were, they walked on.

盡管很累，他們還是繼續(xù)走著。

Child as he is, he knows a lot. 盡管他是個(gè)孩子，但他知道的事情很多。

3. In 1996 Armstrong, the then No. 1 cyclist in the world, was diagnosed with cancer and many thought that it meant the end of his career, maybe even his life. 1996年，阿姆斯特朗——世界上的自行車(chē)賽冠軍被確診為癌癥，許多人認(rèn)為可能結(jié)束了他的比賽生涯，乃至生命。

mean vt. & vi. 作“意味著；意思是；意指”解。如：

The red light means “stop”.

紅燈表示“停止”。

I mean to go tomorrow.

我打算明天去。

I said I would help him and I meant it. 我說(shuō)過(guò)我要幫助他，我說(shuō)到做到。

〖辨析〗mean to do 與mean doing

前者表示“……打算做……”；后者表示“……意味著……”。如：

I didnt mean to start an argument. 我并不想（跟你）爭(zhēng)論。

Accepting the job means living abroad. 接受這個(gè)工作就意味著在國(guó)外居住。

4. No records that are dangerous to the person who is attempting it or to others are allowed. 不允許有對(duì)嘗試著的人或?qū)λ擞形ｋU(xiǎn)的記錄。

attempt vt. & n. 意思是“企圖；試圖；嘗試”。attempt作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它的賓語(yǔ)不能是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或that從句，只能是名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式。如：

The doctor attempted to save the womans life.

醫(yī)生試圖挽救這位婦女的生命。

〖幫你歸納〗

make an attempt to do sth.

試圖做某事

make an attempt at doing sth.

試圖做某事

make an attempt on (或upon)

試圖奪取

The prisoner made an attempt at escaping (to escape) from prison.

這名囚犯試圖越獄。

The enemy made an attempt on Loushanguan fortress.

敵人試圖奪取婁山關(guān)要塞。

5. …after a long journey wandering through Arabic countries, he returned to the motherland by boat in 762. ……經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)途跋涉，流浪著經(jīng)過(guò)阿拉伯國(guó)家，他在762年乘船回到了祖國(guó)。

wandering是現(xiàn)在分詞，在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

He sat in silence, doing nothing. 他靜靜地坐著，無(wú)所事事。

The girls came in, following their parents. 那些女孩跟著他們的父母進(jìn)來(lái)。

6. The earliest Asian cultural relic found in Africa also dates from this period. 在非洲發(fā)現(xiàn)的亞洲最早的文化遺物也始于這個(gè)時(shí)期。

⑴date from意思是“（從某一時(shí)代）開(kāi)始；回溯”。

This custom dates from the 16th century. 這風(fēng)俗起源于16世紀(jì)。

〖拓展延伸〗

date back to 回溯（到某個(gè)時(shí)代）

This building dates back to 1823. 這棟建筑是1823年所建。

⑵found in Africa 為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與所修飾詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞之前；分詞短語(yǔ)則置于被修飾詞之后。

Everyone attended the meeting held last week. 所有的人都參加了上周舉行的會(huì)議。

The paper must be finished in a given time. 必須在既定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成答卷。

7. The exchange of goods had a symbolic meaning far more important than the value of the goods themselves. 物品的交換具有象征性的意義，遠(yuǎn)比物品本身的價(jià)值重要得多。

far在修飾more時(shí)表示程度。

〖拓展延伸〗

能夠修飾比較級(jí)的副詞有any, far, still, even, much, rather, a lot, a great deal, a bit等。

〖提醒注意〗

① quite, very, fairly等副詞不能修飾比較級(jí)，只有一個(gè)例外，表示身體康復(fù)時(shí)用quite better。

② how不能修飾比較級(jí)，如果用how引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句中有比較級(jí)時(shí)，可以用much來(lái)連接，構(gòu)成 “how much+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。

How much further do we have to go, Smith?

我們還要再走多遠(yuǎn)，史密斯？

8. Some suggested it could not be accomplished.

有的人提出這不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

suggest 意思是“提議；建議；暗示”，主要用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：

⑴suggest+n./v.-ing+(to)（向……）提議

He suggested going there by train. 他建議搭火車(chē)去那兒。

⑵suggest+that從句。意思是“建議；提議”。從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。

I suggested to him that he (should) join the club activities.

我建議他應(yīng)該參加該俱樂(lè)部的活動(dòng)。

⑶suggest+n./that從句。意思是“暗示；委婉地說(shuō)”。

His face suggested that he failed. 他的表情表明他失敗了。

9. The local Tibetans and Sherpas laughed at the strange bottles containing what they referred to as “English air”. 當(dāng)?shù)氐奈鞑厝撕拖臓柊腿硕甲I諷那些帶著裝有所謂“英國(guó)空氣”瓶子的英國(guó)人。

refer v. (referred, referring) 意思是“提及；涉及；查閱；求助于；與……有關(guān)”，與介詞to搭配。如：

refer to a dictionary 查字典

refer to the facts of history 提及史實(shí)

refer to…as…

將……稱(chēng)為……

Zheng He has often been referred to as the Chinese Columbus.

鄭和一直被人們稱(chēng)為中國(guó)的哥倫布。

10. …were the first to make it to the summit of Mount Qomolangma.

……是首次成功登上珠穆朗瑪峰的人。

⑴不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，與所修飾的名詞之間是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此不定式應(yīng)用及物動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式，不及物動(dòng)詞要搭配相應(yīng)介詞。如：

She refused to go to the ball because she had no jewellery to wear. 她沒(méi)有任何首飾可佩戴，因此拒絕參加舞會(huì)。

They had only a little room to live in. 他們住在一間小屋子里。

[幫你歸納]

主語(yǔ)+be+adj.+不定式“某人/物做起來(lái)……”，其中不定式作狀語(yǔ)，也使用及物動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式，不及物動(dòng)詞搭配相應(yīng)介詞。

⑵make it（口語(yǔ)）做成，成功；達(dá)到目的；設(shè)法安排

——Can we catch the train?

我們能趕上火車(chē)嗎？

——I hope we can make it.

希望能趕上。

He says hell get up at six tomorrow morning, but hell never make it. 他說(shuō)他明天早上要6點(diǎn)起床，但他是絕對(duì)做不到的。