王菁華
任務(wù)型閱讀旨在考查學(xué)生捕捉信息、組織信息、運(yùn)用信息的能力。08年考查了每空一詞的題型,根據(jù)《09考試說(shuō)明》09年仍然會(huì)考查每空一詞,但難度可能較08年稍有增加。
要想在考試中得到高分,在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中要學(xué)會(huì)正確運(yùn)用信息,具體要做到以下幾點(diǎn):
1.詞形的正確使用:詞性之間的轉(zhuǎn)換;動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞;動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù);動(dòng)詞的ing形式;動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)和被動(dòng)態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換;名詞的數(shù)、性、格;形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)等。
例1 It is veryimportanttopromotepeoples awareness ofprotectingthe environment.→Promotingpeoples awareness of environmentprotectionis of greatimportance.
易錯(cuò)提醒:(1) 忽略動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ),考生易直接從原文把promote搬過(guò)來(lái)。
(2) 不會(huì)把動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)改為名詞短語(yǔ),也易直接把protecting抄下來(lái)。
(3) 忽略詞性的變化,沒(méi)有掌握be + 玜dj.=be of +玭. (玭.為抽象名詞,即前面形容詞的名詞形式)。
例2 It isdefinitethat we can live longer and have a higher quality of life if we can keep making progress.→If we can keep making progress, we candefinitelylive longer and have a higher quality of life.
易錯(cuò)提醒:易忽略形容詞與副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換,沒(méi)有注意到第二個(gè)句子應(yīng)該用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞live和have。
例3 He is said tohave goneabroad a few years ago.→Hewentabroad a few years ago.
易錯(cuò)提醒:考生看到he is said,易錯(cuò)填goes,卻不知be said to have done表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,另外根據(jù)a few years ago,更加確定應(yīng)該填went。
例4The opinion of the residentsshould be taken seriously→The government should take theresidentsopinion seriously.
易錯(cuò)提醒:粗心大意的考生只找到關(guān)鍵詞residents就迫不及待地照抄下來(lái),卻沒(méi)有注意到要用名詞的所有格來(lái)代替of 。
例5 makeadvances→make muchprogressgive someadvice→give manysuggestions/tips
易錯(cuò)提醒:考生往往容易忽視progress前面的much和suggestions / tips前面的many,所以就忽視了可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。有時(shí)可數(shù)名詞是否要用復(fù)數(shù)還要看上下文。
例6 Mr.White used to be strong and healthy but now hishealthwas ruined by alcohol.→ Mr.White used to behealthierthan now.
易錯(cuò)提醒:如果忽略了than,就容易寫(xiě)成healthy。另外也有同學(xué)不知道把y改i加er, 所以導(dǎo)致拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。
2.正確運(yùn)用同義詞和反義詞:
例1 Shedidnt passthe exam→Shefailedthe exam.
易錯(cuò)提醒:注意要使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
例2 Yesterdays lecture wasnot interestingat all.→ I felt very bored at yesterdays lecture.
易錯(cuò)提醒:確定“有趣的”的反義詞是“枯燥的”,但卻很容易錯(cuò)填boring,因?yàn)楹雎粤酥髡Z(yǔ)已經(jīng)由物(Yesterdays lecture)變成了人(I)。
3.注意使用前綴和后綴:
例1 Many peoplelost their houses.→Many people becamehomeless.
例2 Judging from the serious look on his face, I knew he wasnot satisfied.→
His serious look told me that he wasdissatisfied.
例3 The ladydidnt understandmy true meaning.→The ladymisunderstoodme.
易錯(cuò)提醒:平時(shí)若不夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ),不多積累這類詞語(yǔ),遇到這種題目就束手無(wú)策了。
4.注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換
例 He suggested avisitto the factory.→He made a suggestion that wevisitthe factory.→It was suggested that we (should)visitthe factory.
易錯(cuò)提醒:考生很容易把visit錯(cuò)寫(xiě)成了visited,因?yàn)楹鲆暳藄uggestion后面的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略。
5.學(xué)會(huì)另選詞語(yǔ)來(lái)釋義
例 原文…The ministry warned that thefts and robberies inside or near banks rose rapidly, with the victims mostly women and elderly people… It advised people not to take large amount of cash whiletraveling, especially during the approaching Spring Festival season, which always witnesses a large number of crimes.
表格中的表述:Theft and robbery accounted for 80%; women and elderly people were mostly targeted for; people were advised to avoid taking a large amount of cash.
易錯(cuò)提醒:遇到這種較難的題目,切忌急躁,一定要靜下心來(lái)認(rèn)真閱讀原文,充分理解了原文的意思后,一定能找到合適的詞。
6.注意積累一些常考詞匯。如:reason(s), cause(s), result(s), effect(s), influence(s), impact(s), consequence(s), advice, suggestion(s), tip(s), opinion(s), view(s), problem(s), measure(s), step(s), solution(s), way(s), method(s), approach(es), form(s), feature(s), characteristic(s), type(s), advantage(s), disadvantage(s), difference(s), similarities, name(s), age, time, cost, event(s), place(s), purpose(s), aim(s), goal(s)等。
易錯(cuò)提醒:注意單詞的拼寫(xiě)以及單復(fù)數(shù)形式。
總之,要想在高考中得到高分,平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)要做個(gè)有心人,對(duì)常犯的錯(cuò)誤做分析記錄,積累各種常用詞和表達(dá)方法,學(xué)會(huì)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)等。