王號召
英語中,“as”是一個非常簡單但又極其靈活的單詞,與不同的詞在一起產(chǎn)生不同的含義。同學(xué)們在平時英語學(xué)習(xí)中會經(jīng)常遇到它,而且又很難掌握它,現(xiàn)筆者將as一詞的意義及用法做一下歸納,以供同學(xué)們參考:
一、as作介詞的用法:
as作介詞時,譯為“作為”,“好像”, 如:
She works as an interpreter in that company.她在該公司里擔(dān)任翻譯員。
二、as作連詞的用法:
1.作“當(dāng)……的時候”;“在……期間”;“隨著”解,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,如:
I watched her as she combed her hair.她梳頭的時候,我一直看著她。
2.a(chǎn)s作“既然”、“由于”解,相當(dāng)于since或because,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,常用來表示已為人們所知或顯而易見的原因或理由,通常置于句首,如:
As you are not feeling well, you may stay at home.既然你不舒服,可以呆在家里。
3.a(chǎn)s作“像”、“按照……的方式”解,引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。如:
You must do everything as I told you to.
4.用于as…as…或not so / as…as…中,前一個as是副詞,后一個as是連詞或介詞,意思是“與……等同”,“是……的幾倍長、幾倍寬、幾倍高等”,引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。如:
She is as good an actress as she is a singer.她當(dāng)演員和當(dāng)歌手都一樣出色。
This desk is twice as long as that.這張桌子是那張的兩倍長。
5.作“雖然”、“盡管”解,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。常用倒裝語序,即玜dj. / 玜dv. / 玭. / 玽. + as + 主語 + 謂語 + 主句。如:
Tired as they were, they walked on.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.(child前不用冠詞)
6.通常后接be或do+主語,相當(dāng)于so,如:
She is unusually tall, as / so are both her parents.她特別高,她父母也都那么高。
三、as作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,用來指代它前面或后面的整個句子,意思是“這
一點”,“正如、正像”,這個分句可以位于句首、句中或句末。如:
As is well known,oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.我們知道,海洋占地球面積的百分之七十以上。
類似的短語如:as we all know, as we expected, as we imagine, as sth.shows, etc.
另外,當(dāng)先行詞被the same, such, so等詞修飾時,常用as來引導(dǎo)定語從句。如:
This is so heavy a box as I cant lift.
The problem is such a difficult one as I cant solve.
Though small, the ant is as much a creature as all other animals on earth.盡管螞蟻很小,但它和地球上所有其它動物一樣都是生物。此句中的第二個as 引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句,并在從句中作表語。creature 作先行詞,并被as 修飾,所以定語從句要用as引導(dǎo)。
四、as 與其他詞構(gòu)成的一些短語和固定搭配:
1.a(chǎn)s for / to 至于某人某事物
As for/to you, you ought to be ashamed of yourself.至于你,你應(yīng)該感到慚愧。
2.a(chǎn)s if / though 意為“似乎,好像,仿佛”,引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,當(dāng)與事實一致或有可能發(fā)生時,后邊狀語與其前的謂語動詞一致,若與事實相反或很難發(fā)生時,后邊的狀語從句要用虛擬語氣。如:
He acts as if / though he knows you.(他很可能認(rèn)識你)
He acts as if / though he knew you.(他根本不認(rèn)識你)
He behaved as if / though nothing had happened.他表現(xiàn)的好像什么都沒發(fā)生似的。(其實已經(jīng)發(fā)生了事)
It seems as if / though he knew nothing about it.他好像對此事一無所知。
3.a(chǎn)s it is事實上;看樣子,如:
We were hoping to have a holiday next week—as it is, we may not be able to get away.我們原來盼望著下星期放假——看樣子走不了了。
4.a(chǎn)s far as… 遠(yuǎn)到,as long as… 長達,as many/much as多達……,達到……之多,如:
He can earn as many as 5,000 dollars a month.他每月能掙5000美元。
5.So / as far as I know或as far as Im concerned作“就我所知”解,在句中作插入語。如: As/So far as I know,he will come here next Monday.據(jù)我所知,他將于下星期一到這里來。
6.a(chǎn)s a result,表示“結(jié)果如何”,as a result of表示“由于……的結(jié)果”。如:
He didnt study hard, as a result, he failed the exam again.他學(xué)習(xí)不用功,結(jié)果又沒通過考試。She died as a result of the accident.她的死是那次事故的直接結(jié)果。
7.a(chǎn)s well為“也,還”之意。一般置于句末,相當(dāng)于“too”,如:
Come early, and bring your brother as well.早點來,把你的弟弟也帶來。
8.a(chǎn)s well as 為“既,又,而且”之意,連接前后兩個并列成分,如:
He grows flowers as well as vegetables.他既種花又種蔬菜。
9.so as (not) to, so…as (not) to, 后跟動詞原形,表示目的或結(jié)果,不能置于句首。如:
He studied hard so as to pass the exam.他努力學(xué)習(xí)以便通過考試。(表示目的)
He studies so hard as to pass the exam.他學(xué)習(xí)如此努力,以至通過了考試。(表示結(jié)果)
10.not so much as 意思是“與其說是……倒不如說是……”,如:
He is not so much a teacher as a businessman.與其說他是個教師,倒不如說他是個商人。