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腹腔鏡與開腹直腸癌根治術(shù)對(duì)機(jī)體應(yīng)激及內(nèi)臟蛋白的影響

2012-05-08 08:46:29呂振曄
關(guān)鍵詞:開腹根治術(shù)直腸癌

陳 欣,呂振曄

(1.浙江省諸暨市紅十字醫(yī)院外科,浙江諸暨 311800;2.浙江省人民醫(yī)院普外科,浙江杭州 310014)

腹腔鏡與開腹直腸癌根治術(shù)對(duì)機(jī)體應(yīng)激及內(nèi)臟蛋白的影響

陳 欣1,呂振曄2

(1.浙江省諸暨市紅十字醫(yī)院外科,浙江諸暨 311800;2.浙江省人民醫(yī)院普外科,浙江杭州 310014)

目的探討腹腔鏡與開腹直腸癌根治術(shù)對(duì)機(jī)體應(yīng)激及內(nèi)臟蛋白的影響。方法選擇2009年9月—2011年9月收治的直腸癌患者132例,按照隨機(jī)分組原則分為治療組(62例)與對(duì)照組(70例),治療組采用腹腔鏡下直腸癌根治術(shù),對(duì)照組采用開腹直腸癌根治術(shù),對(duì)比2組患者在術(shù)前,術(shù)后第1、3、5天血漿C反應(yīng)蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、白細(xì)胞介素-6(inter1eukin-6,IL-6)、腫瘤壞死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、丙二醛(ma1ondia1ehyde,MDA)和超氧歧化物(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的含量高低。結(jié)果2組患者術(shù)后1d內(nèi)的CRP、IL-6、TNF-α均明顯高于術(shù)前,但對(duì)照組術(shù)后上述指標(biāo)始終高于治療組平均水平,治療組于第5天時(shí)上述指標(biāo)水平恢復(fù)正常;治療組術(shù)后MDA低于對(duì)照組,SOD高于對(duì)照組,于第5天時(shí)2組患者的MDA、SOD均恢復(fù)至正常水平。結(jié)論腹腔鏡手術(shù)根治直腸癌效果好、創(chuàng)傷小、術(shù)后炎癥反應(yīng)輕,且機(jī)體氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)較開腹直腸癌手術(shù)低、恢復(fù)快。

直腸腫瘤;腹腔鏡檢查;應(yīng)激

腹腔鏡手術(shù)以其創(chuàng)傷小、術(shù)后恢復(fù)快等微創(chuàng)特點(diǎn)已在臨床廣泛使用,近年來(lái)許多醫(yī)院均以腹腔鏡手術(shù)作為根治直腸癌的治療方式[1],但手術(shù)的創(chuàng)傷容易造成機(jī)體發(fā)生氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)及炎癥反應(yīng),隨創(chuàng)傷的增大而增大。腹腔鏡手術(shù)中使用人工氣腹可使腹腔內(nèi)壓力增高,防止手術(shù)出血過多,手術(shù)結(jié)束即可解除氣腹壓力,使臟器血流恢復(fù)至正常,但是此過程會(huì)出現(xiàn)缺血再灌注損傷,對(duì)患者的炎癥、氧化應(yīng)激水平具有一定影響[2]。本研究測(cè)定腹腔鏡手術(shù)與開腹直腸癌根治術(shù)后,患者炎癥指標(biāo)和氧化應(yīng)激水平,旨在探討兩者對(duì)機(jī)體的影響。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料:選擇2009年9月—2011年9月收治的直腸癌患者132例,術(shù)前評(píng)分為Ⅱ、Ⅲ級(jí)。將所有患者隨機(jī)分為治療組與對(duì)照組。治療組67例,男性45例,女性22例,年齡29~66歲,平均45.5歲;對(duì)照組70例,男性50例,女性20例,年齡30~66歲,平均46.5歲。2組患者在性別、年齡、腫塊位置、病理分期等方面差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。所有患者經(jīng)術(shù)前診斷術(shù)后組織檢查核實(shí)。

1.2 方法:2組患者均采用氣管內(nèi)插管靜吸復(fù)合全身麻醉。采用相同手術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),遵循《中下段直腸癌外科治療規(guī)范》[3]進(jìn)行,采用雙吻合器技術(shù)進(jìn)行直腸肛管吻合。手術(shù)當(dāng)中據(jù)術(shù)前病理情況及腫瘤位置決定前切除術(shù)、低位直腸前切除術(shù)或超低位直腸前切除術(shù)。

治療組采用腹腔鏡下根治術(shù),術(shù)中建立氣腹,壓力≤15mmHg,手術(shù)方法詳見參考文獻(xiàn)[4];對(duì)照組采用開腹手術(shù),手術(shù)方法參見參考文獻(xiàn)[5]。

1.3 檢測(cè)指標(biāo):于手術(shù)前,及術(shù)后1,3,5d分別取患者外周靜脈血。采用比濁法測(cè)定血清血漿C反應(yīng)蛋白(C-reactive protein,CPR);ELISA抗體夾心法檢測(cè)白細(xì)胞介素-6(inter1eukin-6,IL-6),腫瘤壞死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α);硫代巴比妥法檢測(cè)血漿血漿丙二醛(ma1ondia1ehyde,MDA);羥胺法檢測(cè)血漿超氧歧化物(superoxide dismutase,SOD)。ELISA試劑盒購(gòu)自晶美生物科技有限公司,MDA,SOD購(gòu)自南京生物研究所。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法:應(yīng)用SPSS18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料以±s表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié) 果

2.1 IL-6、TNFα、CRP濃度比較:手術(shù)后所有患者的IL-6、TNF-α、CRP均高于手術(shù)前,但治療組始終低于對(duì)照組,且于手術(shù)結(jié)束后第5天,治療組恢復(fù)正常。見表1。

表1 2組患者IL-6、TNF-α、CRP比較Table 1 The IL-6,TNF-α,CRP concentrations of patients in two groups(±s,ρ/ng·L-1)

表1 2組患者IL-6、TNF-α、CRP比較Table 1 The IL-6,TNF-α,CRP concentrations of patients in two groups(±s,ρ/ng·L-1)

*P<0.05 vs contro1 group by t testIL-6:inter1eukin-6;TNF-α:tumor necrosis factor-α;CRP:C-reactive protein

CRP Study 67 8.35±4.15 38.35±9.44 6.55±2.19 38.20±14.75* 58.20±15.94* 36.36±12.50 Groups n Before treatment IL-6 TNF-αCRP 1d after treatment IL-6 TNF-α * Contro1 70 8.22±3.19 37.94±10.34 6.59±3.45 58.56±23.34 77.50±33.93 66.45±33.46 CRP Study 67 18.35±9.55* 44.19±9.39* 14.14±9.91* 8.95±6.34* 38.57±8.84* 6.93±2.91 Groups n 3d after treatment IL-6 TNF-αCRP 5d after treatment IL-6 TNF-α * .14 40.88±11.99 51.09±16.39 15.85±8.12 Contro1 70 48.56±19.54 62.90±22.81 54.91±21

2.2 MDA、SOD水平:術(shù)后患者的MDA、SOD也發(fā)生了明顯的改變,且治療組的MDA低于對(duì)照組,而SOD高于對(duì)照組,但第5天時(shí)所有患者的MDA、SOD均恢復(fù)正常水平,見表2。

表2 2組患者M(jìn)DA、SOD水平比較Table 2 The MDA,SOD levels of patients in two groups(±s)

表2 2組患者M(jìn)DA、SOD水平比較Table 2 The MDA,SOD levels of patients in two groups(±s)

*P<0.05 vs contro1 group by t testMDA:ma1ondia1ehyde;SOD:superoxide dismutase

Groups n Befoore treatment MDA(c/mmo1·L-1) SOD(U/mL)1d after treatment MDA(c/mmo1·L-1) SOD(U/mL)3d after treatment MDA(c/mmo1·L-1) SOD(U/mL)5d after treatment MDA(c/mmo1·L-1) SOD(U/mL)Study 67 4.91±1.49 95.33±12.31 7.05±1.65* 68.95±9.44* 5.81±1.25* 82.52±11.15*87.39±11.92 5.14±1.05 92.41±12.39 Contro1 70 5.29±1.39 95.94±12.55 10.53±3.62 41.55±9.04 7.87±2.19 67.94±12.03 5.56±1.20

3 討 論

研究[6]證實(shí),炎癥介質(zhì)如IL-6與CRP同時(shí)存在于各種手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷后,TNF-α多數(shù)于創(chuàng)傷后出現(xiàn),且創(chuàng)傷的大小影響機(jī)體對(duì)創(chuàng)傷的反應(yīng),即創(chuàng)傷大小與炎癥的水平及病理生理變化呈正相關(guān)性。與此同時(shí),手術(shù)后患者白細(xì)胞會(huì)升高,IL-6作為誘導(dǎo)肝細(xì)胞合成急性反應(yīng)蛋白,是反應(yīng)創(chuàng)傷后急性反應(yīng)的重要指標(biāo),CRP是最重要的急性期反應(yīng)蛋白,它們與創(chuàng)傷的嚴(yán)重程度有密切相關(guān)。所以一般將IL-6與CRP作為評(píng)價(jià)微創(chuàng)手術(shù)的有效指標(biāo)[7]。Park等[8]證明手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷所導(dǎo)致的CRP升高一般出現(xiàn)在術(shù)后4~16h,24~72h達(dá)到高峰,而在術(shù)后2周內(nèi)維持一定的水平。IL-6、TNF-α均為體內(nèi)重要的促炎反應(yīng)細(xì)胞因子,IL-6是細(xì)胞因子網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的多效應(yīng)因子,對(duì)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)、分化基因表達(dá)均有重要影響,它可在體內(nèi)分泌多種細(xì)胞包括巨噬細(xì)胞、內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、T細(xì)胞、B細(xì)胞、內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞等,發(fā)揮著多種生物學(xué)效應(yīng)。在機(jī)體對(duì)創(chuàng)傷的應(yīng)激中,IL-6是最重要的因子,有學(xué)者[9]表明可以較為敏感的反映組織的損傷程度。TNF-α是一種活化單核細(xì)胞分化而來(lái)的多肽類細(xì)胞因子,具有多種免疫功能,可介導(dǎo)炎癥反應(yīng)。術(shù)后手術(shù)創(chuàng)口部位局部巨噬細(xì)胞活性增加,導(dǎo)致IL-6、TNF-α等炎性介質(zhì)分泌增加。本研究中2組患者IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平均于術(shù)后1d之內(nèi)明顯升高,而術(shù)后3d時(shí)明顯下降,術(shù)后5d內(nèi)基本恢復(fù)至正常水平;而對(duì)照組患者并未恢復(fù)至術(shù)前正常水平且術(shù)后5d內(nèi)CRP、IL-6、TNF-α均顯著高于治療組。說(shuō)明手術(shù)會(huì)引起機(jī)體炎癥反應(yīng)的發(fā)生,同時(shí)也說(shuō)明由于腹腔鏡手術(shù)具有較小的創(chuàng)傷,所以其炎癥狀態(tài)較開腹手術(shù)輕微。MDA是氧自由基與細(xì)胞膜內(nèi)不飽和脂肪酸氧化作用中釋放的產(chǎn)物,可以間接反映組織中氧自由基含量變化與組織受損程度。SOD是機(jī)體內(nèi)抗氧化防御系統(tǒng)里重要的抗氧化酶,它可以起到體內(nèi)氧化平衡調(diào)節(jié)的作用,當(dāng)體內(nèi)氧自由基增多,它會(huì)與超氧陰離子反應(yīng),結(jié)合谷胱甘肽,將超氧陰離子轉(zhuǎn)化為水從而消除自由基,免除細(xì)胞的損傷。Pu1i等[10]研究表明,腹腔鏡手術(shù)時(shí)氣腹會(huì)導(dǎo)致缺血再灌注損傷作用,引起MDA與SOD的水平變化,但是手術(shù)結(jié)束后的24h內(nèi)恢復(fù)正常。本研究顯示患者手術(shù)后24h確實(shí)發(fā)生了較大的改變,但術(shù)后5d治療組MDA和SOD水平較對(duì)照組更接近治療前水平,且治療組恢復(fù)較快,而對(duì)照組恢復(fù)較慢。說(shuō)明開腹手術(shù)會(huì)造成氧化應(yīng)激,但持續(xù)時(shí)間比腹腔鏡手術(shù)長(zhǎng),因此機(jī)體會(huì)發(fā)生更嚴(yán)重的過氧化損傷。其機(jī)制與開腹手術(shù)的創(chuàng)傷大、激活中性粒細(xì)胞造成呼吸爆發(fā)產(chǎn)生大量氧自由基、脂質(zhì)過氧化增加有關(guān),導(dǎo)致MDA生成增加、SOD消耗增多。

綜上所述,腹腔鏡手術(shù)根治直腸癌效果更好,創(chuàng)傷小,術(shù)后炎癥反應(yīng)輕,且機(jī)體氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)較開腹直腸癌手術(shù)低,恢復(fù)快。

[1] KATO S,TRAN DN,OHNO T,et a1.CT-based 3D dosevo1ume parameter of the rectum and 1ate recta1 comp1ication in patients with cervica1 cancer treated with high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy[J].J Radiat Res,2010,51(2):215-221.

[2] BAUMANN T,LUDWIG U,PACHE G,et a1.Continuous1y moving tab1e MRI with s1iding mu1tis1ice for recta1 cancer staging:Image qua1ity and 1esion detection[J].Eur J Radio1,2010,73(3):579-587.

[3] LEMMENS V,VAN STEENBERGEN L,JANSSEN HEIJNEN M,et a1.Trends in co1orecta1 cancer in the south of the Nether1ands 1975-2007:recta1 cancer surviva1 1eve1s with co1on cancer surviva1[J].Acta,2010,49(6):784-796.

[4] MATSUDA K,HOTTA T,TAKIFUJI K,et a1.C1inicopatho1ogica1 features of anastomotic recurrence after an anterior resection for recta1 cancer[J].Langenbeckˊs Archi Aurg,2010,395(3):235-239.

[5] FUJITA T.Therapeutic de1ay reduces surviva1 of recta1 cancer but not of co1onic cancer(Br J Surg 2009;96:1183-1189)[J]. The B J Surg,2010,97(2):297.

[6] PHANG PT,MCGAHAN CE,MCGREGOR G,et a1.Effects of change in recta1 cancer management on outcomes in British Co1umbia[J].Can J Surgery,2010,53(4):225-231.

[7] FUJIMOTO Y,AKIYOSHI T,KUROYANAGI H,et a1.Safety and feasibi1ity of 1aparoscopic intersphincteric resection for very 1ow recta1 cancer[J].J Gastrointes Surg,2010,14(4):645-650.

[8] PATK JW,LIM SB,KIM DY,et a1.Carcinoembryonic antigen as a predictor of patho1ogic response and a prognostic factor in 1oca11y advanced recta1cancer patients treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery[J].Int J Onco1 Bio1ogy Phys,2009,74(3):810-817.

[9] HERMAN MP,KOPETZS,BHOSALE PR,eta1.Sacra1 insufficiency fractures after preoperative chemoradiation for recta1 cancer:incidence,risk factors,and c1inica1 course[J].Int J Onco1 Bio1ogy Phys,2009,74(3):818-823.

[10] PULI SR,BECHTOLD,ML,REDDY JB,et a1.How good is endoscopic u1trasound in differentiating various T stages of recta1 cancer?Meta-ana1ysis and systematic review[J].Ann Surg Onco1,2009,16(2):254-265.

(本文編輯:劉斯靜)

THE EFFECTS OF LAPAROSCOPIC AND OPEN RADICAL SURGERY ON INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RECTAL CANCER PATIENTS

CHEN Xin1,LV Zhenye2
(1.Department of Surgert,Red Cross Hospital of Zhuji Citt,Zhejiang Province,Zhuji 311800,China;2.Department of General Surgert,the Peopleˊs Hospital of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310014,China)

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of 1aparoscopic and open radica1 surgery on inf1ammation and oxidative stress in recta1 cancer patients.MethodsA tota1 of 132 patients with recta1 cancers admitted from Sep.2009 to Sep.2011,were random1y divided into study group with 62 cases who received 1aparoscopic surgery and contro1 group with 70 cases who received open radica1 surgery. Venous b1ood was co11ected to test C-reactive protein(CPR),inter1eukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),ma1ondia1ehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)before operation and 1stday,3rdday and 5thday after operation.ResultsA11 the b1ood indexes were different from before operation. CRP,IL-6,TNF-α were much higher than those before the operation,at the same time,contro1 group had a higher 1eve1 compared to study group after operation,moreover,the index above recovered in the 5thday after operation;However the study group had a 1ower 1eve1 in MDA compared to contro1 group,whearas,higher 1eve1 in SOD.Additiona11y,the MDA,SOD 1eve1 came back to norma1 in both groups at the 5thday after operation.ConclusionLaparoscopy has an obvious effect in treating recta1 cancer with 1ess trauma,inf1ammation or oxdative stress compared with open radica1 surgery.

recta1 neop1asms;1aparoscopy;stress

R735.37

A

1007-3205(2012)04-0399-03

2011-11-25;

2012-03-06

陳欣(1975-),男,浙江諸暨人,浙江省諸暨市紅十字醫(yī)院主治醫(yī)師,醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)士,從事外科疾病診治研究。

10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2012.04.010

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