李良奇
腹腔鏡在18例小兒急性結(jié)腸穿孔中的應(yīng)用分析
李良奇①
目的:對(duì)腹腔鏡在小兒急性結(jié)腸穿孔中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)分析。方法:回顧性分析18例急性結(jié)腸穿孔患兒的資料,分為開放手術(shù)組和腹腔鏡手術(shù)組,對(duì)兩組患兒年齡、體重、C反映蛋白、穿孔數(shù)目、手術(shù)時(shí)間、手術(shù)并發(fā)癥進(jìn)行描述并比較分析。結(jié)果:兩組患兒年齡、體重、C反映蛋白、穿孔數(shù)目、手術(shù)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),腹腔鏡手術(shù)組中1例吻合口瘺,1例尿路感染,而開放手術(shù)組傷口感染、腸粘連的發(fā)生率高于腹腔鏡手術(shù)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:腹腔鏡在小兒急性結(jié)腸穿孔治療中的應(yīng)用是可行安全的。
腹腔鏡; 急診手術(shù); 小兒; 結(jié)腸穿孔
結(jié)腸穿孔是小兒消化道穿孔的常見部位,多繼發(fā)于感染性腸炎、腸套疊等,一經(jīng)診斷即需要急診手術(shù)治療,常規(guī)為開腹手術(shù),相關(guān)的腹腔鏡手術(shù)文獻(xiàn)少有報(bào)道。腹腔鏡手術(shù)在小兒良性結(jié)腸病變的治療已逐漸被接受[1-4],但只用于平診手術(shù),而在成人普外科,已被證實(shí)為一種安全的手術(shù)方法[5-6]。本研究目的即對(duì)腹腔鏡在小兒急性結(jié)腸穿孔治療中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。
1.1 一般資料 回顧性分析本院2006年1月-2011年10月急性結(jié)腸穿孔患兒18例。其中,女10例,男8例,平均年齡(2.4±1.2)歲,體重(12.6±3.9) kg?;純杭韧鶡o手術(shù)史和外傷史。臨床表現(xiàn):腹脹11例,嘔吐8例,發(fā)熱11例,腹瀉8例,血便6例,X線氣腹征9例。18例患兒分別進(jìn)行開放手術(shù)和腹腔鏡手術(shù),根據(jù)腸管炎癥情況和清潔度不同,行腸修補(bǔ)、結(jié)腸切除術(shù)、腸吻合或腸造口術(shù),術(shù)后半年行關(guān)瘺術(shù)。在腹腔鏡手術(shù)中,使用5 mm Troca和30°鏡,用超聲刀分離腸系膜,所有吻合使用腔鏡下手工吻合。開放手術(shù)組男3例,女6例,平均年齡2.7歲,其中5人為單發(fā)穿孔,4人為多發(fā)穿孔。腹腔鏡手術(shù)組男4例,女5例,平均年齡3.5歲。兩組一般情況比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
表1 兩組臨床資料比較
1.2 方法 對(duì)患兒的年齡、體重、術(shù)前C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、穿孔數(shù)目、手術(shù)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間、手術(shù)并發(fā)癥進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)描述。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 使用SPSS 17.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,計(jì)量資料以(±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用字檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
開放手術(shù)組術(shù)前CRP平均值為(232.7±177.3) mg/L。平均手術(shù)時(shí)間為(194.4±49.0) min。住院時(shí)間為(19.0±9.7) d。術(shù)后并發(fā)癥主要為傷口感染4例,切口疝1例,腸粘連4例,尿路感染1例。腹腔鏡手術(shù)組術(shù)前CRP均值為(256.0±169.5)mg/L,平均手術(shù)時(shí)間為(271.0±157.6) min。住院時(shí)間為(15.2±6.3) d。兩組術(shù)前CRP、穿孔數(shù)目、手術(shù)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。6例單發(fā)穿孔患兒中,1例行結(jié)腸修補(bǔ)手術(shù),5例行腸切除腸吻合術(shù),3例多發(fā)穿孔病例行腸切除、回腸造瘺術(shù)。無死亡病例,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥包括尿路感染1例,吻合口瘺1例。兩組傷口感染及腸癌粘連的發(fā)生率比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2、3。
表2 兩組臨床資料比較
表3 兩組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥比較 例
結(jié)腸穿孔是小兒消化道急性穿孔疾病中常見的部位,在發(fā)達(dá)國家,結(jié)腸穿孔多繼發(fā)于炎性腸病[7]。在我國常見于胎糞性腹膜炎、壞死性小腸結(jié)腸炎、腸套疊等。腹腔鏡已經(jīng)在小兒普外的許多結(jié)腸良性疾病中得到應(yīng)用[1-4],但未廣泛用于急診手術(shù)。在成人中已有急診腹腔鏡手術(shù)用于細(xì)菌感染性結(jié)腸穿孔的相關(guān)報(bào)道[5-6]。本組病例中腸穿孔皆繼發(fā)于細(xì)菌性感染。
在本組病例中,腹腔鏡手術(shù)未出現(xiàn)傷口感染和切口疝,腹腔鏡組大多數(shù)的病例都可以進(jìn)行安全的修補(bǔ)術(shù)或者腸切除+腸吻合術(shù),3例進(jìn)行回腸造瘺術(shù)。一般認(rèn)為在結(jié)腸吻合術(shù)中,主要預(yù)防的術(shù)后并發(fā)癥是吻合口瘺,它的發(fā)生與糞便污染和局部膿腫有關(guān),腸管水腫和炎癥也可以導(dǎo)致吻合口瘺。不過該腹腔鏡組中僅有1例吻合口瘺,其發(fā)生率較低。因此,在對(duì)小兒結(jié)腸穿孔進(jìn)行急診腹腔鏡手術(shù),存在可行性和安全性?;純旱倪x擇和腹腔鏡操作的熟練程度、醫(yī)師的偏倚因素,該術(shù)式適用于發(fā)病時(shí)間較短,一般情況較好的患兒。
腹腔鏡下腸吻合的方式主要包括體外切除吻合、體內(nèi)器械吻合和體內(nèi)手工吻合。體內(nèi)吻合法后腸蠕動(dòng)功能恢復(fù)比體外吻合法更快[8],器械吻合不適用于急診手術(shù),所以該組病例全部進(jìn)行體內(nèi)手工吻合。
筆者認(rèn)為,對(duì)一般情況較好的結(jié)腸穿孔患兒,實(shí)施急診腹腔鏡手術(shù)是可行而且安全的,單發(fā)穿孔,可行腸修補(bǔ)術(shù)或腸切除、腸吻合術(shù),可進(jìn)行腔鏡下手工吻合,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥較小,但是可以避免。術(shù)中探查發(fā)現(xiàn)多發(fā)穿孔的病例,應(yīng)該中轉(zhuǎn)開放手術(shù)。
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Laparoscopy in 18 Cases of Pediatric Acute Colonic Perforation Analysis Application
LI Liang-qi.
Objective:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic colectomy for children in emergent settings.Method :From 2006 January to 2011 October, 9 consecutive children with acute colonic perforations and fibropurulent peritonitis secondary to infectious colitis underwent emergency laparoscopic colectomy. Simultaneously,we reviewed and recorded the same data from another consecutive 9 patients who underwent standard laparotomy .The two groups were compared with regard to operative time, length of hospital stay (LOS), and complications.Result:The gender, age, body weight, serum C-reactive protein, number of involved bowel segments, operative time, and LOS of two group were not significantly different(P>0.05). In the laparoscopy group, one patient required conversion to open surgery because of extensive bowel involvement,and another patient with solitary colonic perforation required reoperation for anastomostic leakage. However, patients who underwent laparotomy had a higher incidence of later complications, including wound infection, incisional hernia, and adhesion ileus and thus required more additional unplanned operations. Conclusion:Emergency laparoscopic surgery is technically feasible in most children with acute colonic perforations and fibropurulent peritonitis. However, extensive intestinal involvement with multiple perforations should be an indication for converting to open surgery.
Laparoscope; Emergency operation; Children; Perforation of the colon
Guangxi Yulin Bobai People’s Hospital,Bobai 537600 ,China
Medical Innovation of China,2012,9(24):100-101
10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2012.24.060
①廣西玉林市博白縣人民醫(yī)院 廣西 博百 537600
李良奇
2012-04-18) (本文編輯:車艷)