一、單詞
1. symbolize vt.
【點撥】 代表、象征
Red symbolizes the bravery, revolution, strength and blood of the French, which were all needed to change the country. 紅色代表勇敢、革命、力量和法國人的血液,這些都是改變這個國家所需要的。
The lighting of the Olympic torch symbolizes peace and friendship among the nations of the world. 奧運火炬之光象征全世界國家之間的和平與友誼。
【拓展】 symbol n. 象征,符號;symbolic adj. 象征的,符號的
A heart shape is the symbol of love. 心形是愛的象征。
The symbol for oxygen is O2. 氧的符號是O2。
【辨析】 mark, symbol, sign, signal
mark“標記,分數(shù)”,指為某一目的有意做的標記,也指無意留下或自然形成的痕跡。
symbol“象征”,一般指有象征意義的標志,可以是實物也有可能是抽象的東西。
sign“手勢,跡象,征兆,招牌”它可以表示實物、動作、語言及任何跡象或征兆。
signal“信號、暗號、導火線”多側重于聲音或動作的暗示。
The road we should take is marked on the map. 我們走的路在地圖上標識出來了。
The lion is the symbol of courage. 獅子是勇敢的象征。
There is no sign of life on Mars. 火星上沒有生命的跡象。
Sometimes my mobile phone has no signal in this building. 有時我的手機在這棟樓里沒有信號。
2. equality n. 平等,均等
【拓展】 equal vt.等于
Two and five equals seven. 二加五等于七。
be equal to sth. 等于,與……相等;勝任……
One li is equal to half a kilometer. 一華里等于半公里。
It is equal to me whether he comes or not. 他來不來對我都一樣。
He is equal to this task. 他能勝任這項任務。
be equal to doing sth. 能勝任……
He is equal to doing this task. 他能勝任這項任務。
3. salute n. 致敬,敬禮
【拓展】 vt. & vi. 致敬,敬禮
In salute to the French and their revolution, many countries have chosen to use the same colours on their flags as the French did. 為向法國人民和法國大革命致敬,許多國家決定在自己的國旗上使用與法國國旗相同的顏色。
The soldier gave a salute and the officer returned it. 士兵行禮,長官還禮。
They salute the flag every day at school. 他們每天在學校向國旗敬禮。
【提醒】 表示向……敬禮時,salute 后面不加介詞to.
4. object vi. 反對,不贊成
【拓展】 object n. 實物,物體,賓語;objection n. 異議,反對的理由;objective adj. 客觀的,公正的
Would anyone object if we start the meeting now? 如果我們現(xiàn)在開會,有人會反對嗎?
He objects to following his mothers advice. 他拒絕聽從媽媽的建議。
5. compromise
【拓展】 vi. & n. 妥協(xié),讓步,compromise on sth. 以折衷的方法解決問題
It is hoped that a compromise will be reached in todays talks. 一項和解有望在今天的談判中達成。
Well, you want $400 and I say $300, so lets compromise on $350. 你要價400美元,我出價300美元,那么我們折衷350美元。
Neither side is prepared to compromise. 雙方都不愿意妥協(xié)。
6. submit
【拓展】 vi.& vt. 順從,投降,提交; submit sth. to sb. / sth. 向……提交/呈遞
submit to sb. / sth. 向……屈服
You must submit your application before January 1st. 你必須在一月一日前提交你的申請書。
7. similarity
【點撥】 similarity n. 相似點,相似性; similar adj. 相似的
【拓展】 be similar to 與……相類似
be different from 與……不同;be the same as 與……相同
Your idea is similar to mine at this point. 你的觀點與我的在這一點上相似。
What you said at the meeting is completely different from what you told me yesterday. 你在會上講的與你昨天告訴我的完全不一樣。
8. separation
【點撥】 separation n. 分離,隔離;separate v. 隔離
【拓展】 separate A from B:把A與B相隔離
【辨析】 divide A into B:與 separate A from B
divide A into B是把一個整體分成若干部分,而separate A from B則是把兩個獨立的部分隔開。
Our head teacher divided the whole class into three groups.
France was separated from England by the English channel.
9. ambitious
【點撥】 ambitious adj. 有抱負的,野心勃勃的,ambitious for ones children 望子成龍;ambition n. 雄心,抱負,野心 achieve / realize / fulfill ones ambition 實現(xiàn)抱負,達成目標
His ambition is to run his own business. 他的抱負是經營自己的公司。
The government has announced an ambitious programme to modernize the railway network. 政府宣布了一項讓鐵路網絡系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的雄偉計劃。
10. caution
【點撥】 caution n. 謹慎,慎重,告誡;vt. 提醒,警告
【拓展】 cautious adj. 小心的,謹慎的
be cautious of / about 注意,小心
As it was her first offence, she was only given a caution. 因為這是她第一次冒犯,所以她只是受到警告。
They treated the story of his escape with caution.
他們謹慎地對待他逃跑的傳說。
11. bare
【點撥】 bare adj. 裸露的,無遮蓋的
The child was bare to the waist. 那孩子光著膀子。
【拓展】 with your bare hands 赤手空拳;lay sth. bare 暴露,揭露;bare your soul to sb. 向某人敞開心扉
12. strike
【點撥】 strike (struck, struck) vt. 擊打,撞擊,攻擊,罷工,劃火柴
In the dream, a stone flew at the statue and struck it on the feet. 在夢里,一個石頭砸向了塑像,正好落到塑像的腳上。
A child ran into the road and was struck by a car. 一個孩子跑到路上被一輛車給撞了。
The little girl struck a match to warm her hands. 那個小女孩劃了一根火柴來暖手。
【拓展】 strike n. 罷工,打擊,毆打
vi. 鐘表敲了多少下
The workers are coming out on strike for higher wages. 工人們將舉行罷工要求增加工資。
Twelve had just struck when she ran away. 當她離開時,鐘正好敲了12點。
二、短語
1. date back to
【點撥】 追溯到,始于
The flag, which is made up of a red band over a white one, is based on a national flag dating back to the 13th century, which had nine red and white stripes. 旗子由上面的紅帶和下面的白帶構成,它是以十三世紀的國旗為基礎,當時的國旗有九條紅帶和白條。
【拓展】 date back to =date from始于
The castle dates back to the 14th century. 這座城堡建于14世紀。
out of date 過時的,不流行的;to date 迄今,至今;up to date 現(xiàn)代的,時新的
【提醒】 date back to / date from 通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時,作定語時,用其ing 形式。
2. get ones way
【點撥】 get ones way 隨心所欲
The slaves were fighting for freedom, but they didnt get their way easily. 那些奴隸們正為自由而戰(zhàn),但不能輕易如愿。
【拓展】 含way的相關短語:
by way of 經由,取道;get in the way 妨礙,擋道;lead the way 帶路;by the way 順便問一下;mend ones ways 改邪歸正,改過自新;in any way 無論如何;in no way 決不;on the way 在途中……
3. catch on
【點撥】 受歡迎,流行
That phrase has caught on, even if people disagree about what it means. 這個短語最近很流行,即使人們不同意它的意思。
【拓展】 明白,意識
Please repeat what you said, I didnt quite catch on.
catch at 試圖抓?。籧atch up with 趕上,追上;catch sb. doing sth. 當場抓住某人正在做某事
The police caught him stealing a car. 警察當場抓住他在偷汽車。
4. count on
【點撥】 依靠,依賴
You can count on him to help you learn English. 你可以指望他幫你學英語。
【拓展】 count vt. 列入總數(shù);包括;有重要性;count against sb. 認為對某人不利;count down 倒計時;count... in 把……計算在內
For that job her lack of experience may count against her. 她缺乏經驗可能對申請那份工作不利。
Shes already counting down to the big day. 她已經在對這一重大日子倒計時了。
(作者:殷華新,泰州市第三高級中學)