劉延華 梁志強(qiáng) 何發(fā)明 鄭向陽 宋鵬 王磊 王平凡
先天性矯正型大動(dòng)脈轉(zhuǎn)位行形態(tài)三尖瓣置換術(shù)
劉延華 梁志強(qiáng) 何發(fā)明 鄭向陽 宋鵬 王磊 王平凡
目的 探討先天性矯正型大動(dòng)脈轉(zhuǎn)位(CCTGA)患者行形態(tài)三尖瓣置換的手術(shù)適應(yīng)證及術(shù)后效果。方法 2007年至2012年河南省胸科醫(yī)院收治CCTGA患者6例,男性5例,女性1例,年齡28~47(34.0±5.2)歲,術(shù)前心功能Ⅱ級(jí)1例、Ⅲ級(jí)5例(NYHA分級(jí)),術(shù)前合并室間隔缺損1例、房顫1例、完全性左束支傳導(dǎo)阻滯1例、完全性右束支傳導(dǎo)阻滯1例、Ⅰ°房室傳導(dǎo)阻滯2例。術(shù)前形態(tài)右心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(49.0±13.2)%。6例患者均施行形態(tài)三尖瓣置換術(shù),術(shù)后隨訪患者心功能、形態(tài)右心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)等指標(biāo)。結(jié)果 全組無住院死亡。隨訪13~72個(gè)月,1例患者術(shù)后41個(gè)月因主動(dòng)脈夾層死亡,余5例均存活。人工瓣膜功能正常,心功能較術(shù)前明顯改善,術(shù)后1年時(shí)心功能Ⅰ級(jí)2例、Ⅱ級(jí)3例、Ⅲ級(jí)1例(NYHA分級(jí)),與術(shù)前比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后1年時(shí)形態(tài)右心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(48.0±5.6)%,與術(shù)前比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 CCTGA患者行形態(tài)三尖瓣置換手術(shù)效果滿意,能夠防止形態(tài)右心室功能的進(jìn)一步損害。
先天性矯正型大動(dòng)脈轉(zhuǎn)位;形態(tài)三尖瓣置換;形態(tài)右心室功能
先天性矯正型大動(dòng)脈轉(zhuǎn)位(congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries,CCTGA)是一種心房與心室連接不一致、心室與動(dòng)脈連接不一致而血流方向正常的復(fù)雜畸形[1],常合并房間隔缺損、室間隔缺損、肺動(dòng)脈瓣狹窄等,目前多主張?jiān)缙谛须p調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)術(shù)以達(dá)到解剖矯治,并已取得良好效果[2]。無其他合并癥的患者,早期多無癥狀,因先天性畸形、形態(tài)右心室維持體循環(huán)等原因,成年后常出現(xiàn)形態(tài)三尖瓣關(guān)閉不全(MTI)、形態(tài)右心室功能不全的癥狀而就診。2007年至2012年我院共施行形態(tài)三尖瓣置換術(shù)(MTVR)6例,現(xiàn)對(duì)其臨床資料進(jìn)行回顧分析,總結(jié)手術(shù)適應(yīng)證并評(píng)價(jià)手術(shù)效果。
1.1 研究對(duì)象 本組共6例患者,男性5例,女性1 例,年齡 28~47(34.0±5.2)歲,術(shù)前心功能Ⅱ級(jí) 1例、Ⅲ級(jí)5例(NYHA分級(jí))。所有患者均經(jīng)心臟彩超明確診斷,形態(tài)三尖瓣為中度以上關(guān)閉不全。術(shù)前合并室間隔缺損1例、房顫1例、完全性左束支傳導(dǎo)阻滯1例、完全性右束支傳導(dǎo)阻滯1例、Ⅰ°房室傳導(dǎo)阻滯2例。術(shù)前心胸比(0.58±0.01),術(shù)前形態(tài)右心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(49.0±13.2)%。
1.2 手術(shù)方式 經(jīng)胸骨正中切口,升主動(dòng)脈插供血管,上、下腔靜脈插靜脈引流管建立體外循環(huán),經(jīng)主動(dòng)脈根部灌注冷氧合血停跳液。經(jīng)形態(tài)右心房-房間隔入路,剪除病變形態(tài)三尖瓣,從心房側(cè)進(jìn)針,間斷褥式雙頭針帶墊片,縫合置入人工瓣膜。所有患者均置入人工機(jī)械瓣膜,其中ATS機(jī)械瓣27 mm、29 mm各2枚,St Jude機(jī)械瓣27 mm、29 mm各1枚。同期行室間隔缺損修補(bǔ)術(shù)1例,術(shù)后心表放置臨時(shí)起搏導(dǎo)線2例。
全組無住院死亡。氣管插管時(shí)間8~33(16.0±4.9)h,ICU 停留時(shí)間 1~3 d,引流 230~720 (380±170)ml。隨訪13~72個(gè)月,1例患者術(shù)后41個(gè)月因主動(dòng)脈夾層死亡,余5例均存活。人工瓣膜功能正常,無瓣周漏。心功能較術(shù)前明顯改善,術(shù)后1年時(shí)心功能Ⅰ級(jí)2例、Ⅱ級(jí)3例、Ⅲ級(jí)1例(NYHA分級(jí)),與術(shù)前比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后1年時(shí)形態(tài)右心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(48.0±5.6)%,與術(shù)前比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
成年的先天性矯正型大動(dòng)脈轉(zhuǎn)位(CCTGA)患者常常合并形態(tài)三尖瓣關(guān)閉不全,其原因可能有:①解剖畸形。70%的CCTGA患者形態(tài)三尖瓣會(huì)向下移位,形成所謂的Ebstein’s畸形[3]。②形態(tài)右心室長期在體循環(huán)壓力負(fù)荷下心臟擴(kuò)大、心功能下降,導(dǎo)致形態(tài)三尖瓣相對(duì)關(guān)閉不全,而關(guān)閉不全又會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟擴(kuò)大、心功能不全,從而形成惡性循環(huán)。其中,解剖畸形被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致形態(tài)三尖瓣關(guān)閉不全最重要的原因[4]。
形態(tài)三尖瓣關(guān)閉不全對(duì)患者的預(yù)后有重大影響。Prieto等[4]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),形態(tài)三尖瓣關(guān)閉不全是CCTGA患者死亡的唯一獨(dú)立預(yù)測因素。而在另一項(xiàng)回顧性的研究當(dāng)中,超過一半的患者死于因形態(tài)三尖瓣關(guān)閉不全導(dǎo)致的心功能衰竭[5]。
對(duì)嬰幼兒CCTGA患者可采用雙調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)術(shù)行解剖矯治,但成人患者往往無法行上述手術(shù)。因行雙調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)術(shù)的條件之一為兩個(gè)心室發(fā)育良好,形態(tài)左心室/形態(tài)右心室收縮壓比值>0.7,成人患者因形態(tài)左心室長期在肺循環(huán)中,無法得到鍛煉,功能嚴(yán)重退化,故對(duì)于成人CCTGA患者,我們主張以維持形態(tài)右心室功能為主的治療。
形態(tài)三尖瓣成形術(shù)效果往往不佳,多需要二次手術(shù)[6]。本組所有患者均采用瓣膜置換術(shù)。因三尖瓣瓣環(huán)較薄弱,連續(xù)縫合會(huì)增加瓣周漏的發(fā)生率[7],故本組所有患者術(shù)中均采用間斷縫合置入瓣膜,剪除瓣膜時(shí)盡量保留瓣下結(jié)構(gòu)以維持形態(tài)右心室的功能。
關(guān)于手術(shù)時(shí)機(jī),CCTGA患者的長期生存取決于形態(tài)三尖瓣關(guān)閉不全及形態(tài)右心室的功能。我們認(rèn)為,一旦患者出現(xiàn)心功能不全、房顫等癥狀,均應(yīng)盡早手術(shù),及時(shí)手術(shù)能夠維持心室功能從而取得良好的效果。Mongeon等[8]建議形態(tài)右心室EF>40%時(shí)手術(shù),否則遠(yuǎn)期效果欠佳。而另一項(xiàng)研究中,術(shù)前形態(tài)右心室EF>44%的患者術(shù)后10年均存活[9]。
通過手術(shù)置換病變的形態(tài)三尖瓣,能夠維持形態(tài)右心室的功能,提高患者生存質(zhì)量,延長生存時(shí)間,取得良好的治療效果。但本研究病例較少,遠(yuǎn)期療效尚需進(jìn)一步隨訪。
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Outcomes of themorphologic tricuspid valve replacement for patients w ith congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
LIU Yan-hua,LIANG Zhi-qiang,HE Fa-ming,et al.Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,Henan Chest Hospital,Zhengzhou 450008,China
Objective To investigate the surgical indications and the results of morphologic tricuspid valve replacement for congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries(CCTGA).M ethods From 2007 to 2012,6 cases with CCTGA were treated in Henan Chest Hospital.There were 5 male and 1 female,aged from 28 to 47 years(34.0±5.2)years.Of the 6 cases,1 was in grade Ⅱ and 5 were in grade Ⅲ according to New York Heart classification(NYHA).There was 1 complicated with ventricular septal defect,1 complicated with atrial fibrillation,1 complicated with complete left bundle branch block,1 complicated with complete right bundle branch block,2 complicated with first degree atrioventricular block.The preoperative mean morphologic right ventricle ejection fraction was (49.0±13.2)%.6 patients had undergonemorphologic tricuspid valve replacement.Postoperative indices such as cardiac function and morphological right ventricle ejection fraction were followed up.Results There was no death in hospital.During the follow-up of 13-72 months,1 patient died of aortic dissection 41 months after the surgery,the other 5 patients survived with normal function of the prosthetic valve.The cardiac function of the cases was significantly improved.When one year after the surgery,2 was in gradeⅠ,3 was in gradeⅡ and 1 were in gradeⅢ according to New York Heart classification(NYHA),while the differences were significant after treatment.There was no statistical significance between preoperative and postoperative mean morphologic right ventricle ejection fraction when one year after the surgery.Conclusion Morphologic tricuspid valve replacement can prevent the further damage tomorphologic right ventricular function with satisfactory results.
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries;Morphologic tricuspid valve replacement;Morphologic right ventricular function
450008 鄭州市,河南省胸科醫(yī)院心血管外科
10.3969/j.issn.1672-5301.2014.02.005
R654.2
B
1672-5301(2014)02-0109-03
2013-11-25)