蔣巍
摘要:該散文為由《中國翻譯》舉辦第二十二屆韓素音青年翻譯獎競賽所采用的漢譯英原文。從參賽者的譯文中可看出在處理此篇文章之時,譯者們認(rèn)真仔細(xì)研究此文,考證其中的信息內(nèi)涵,在翻譯時對原文的風(fēng)格、遣詞造句的特點(diǎn)都予以考慮和再現(xiàn)。該文從各版本的翻譯中選出五篇譯文進(jìn)行賞析,對于這些譯文的深入評析有助于加深對翻譯從事人員和翻譯愛好者對散文核心的把握和翻譯方法的深入理解和進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)。
關(guān)鍵字:散文;賞析;翻譯方法
《尋常幸福》雖出自于高中生之手,但思想成熟寓意深遠(yuǎn),充滿溫馨生活氣息。文筆清淡,對細(xì)節(jié)的描寫十分生動,讓人不禁在腦海中描繪相應(yīng)的生活畫卷。本文還通過對比人們從前與如今的生活狀況來喚起人們在物質(zhì)財(cái)富日趨豐富、人際關(guān)系漸趨淡漠的現(xiàn)代社會對簡單卻又充滿人情味的歲月的美好回憶。我將從以下幾個方面對本文的五種譯文進(jìn)行賞析:
一、譯文之“題”
“蝸居”原為名詞,其意味“窩舍”,喻意居室狹小。
百度百科的解釋為1. 比喻窄小的住所。常用作謙詞。2. 伏處;潛居。3. 因每月還房貸,經(jīng)濟(jì)能力受限,從而生活行為受限的一種生活形態(tài)。
本文標(biāo)題中的“蝸居”應(yīng)該是指第二種意思,即那些尋常的簡單幸福存在于人們所沒有關(guān)注的街角處。
五個對標(biāo)題的翻譯分別為:
1.Everyday Happiness of Living in the Mean Narrow Back Alleys
2.Common Happiness of Living in a Humble Abode in Ordinary Streets and Lanes
3.Commonplace Happiness Nestling Snugly in Lanes
4.Grassroot Happiness Dwelling in the Depth of Downtown Lanes
5.Simple Happiness of Dwelling in the Back Streets
五種對標(biāo)題的翻譯都有很大的差異。但共同點(diǎn)是都把原文的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了調(diào)換,將“尋常幸福”前置了,符合英語總把中心詞放在最前面的習(xí)慣。A就翻譯本身來看,commonplace happiness和simple happiness的表達(dá)比較好。而everyday happiness和common happiness是比較中式的翻譯,其實(shí)并不怎么使用,個人覺得daily happiness很好,指日常生活中尋常的幸福。Commonplace則是指“普通的,平凡的”在這其實(shí)也可以。而grassroot,用瀏覽器搜索不出這種用法,grassroot是指草根(也是比較中式的,還是近兩年開始出現(xiàn)的表達(dá),表示平民階層的人們),用在這里不是很恰當(dāng),就算不是草根,也有享受尋常幸福的權(quán)利。B 后半部分用living有存活的意思,而dwell居住的意思更多,更貼近生活,個人感覺dwell比live更為恰當(dāng),而nestling覺得與原文的意思不是很吻合。
二、譯文之“缺位”
原文:有道是小隱隱于野,大隱隱于市。
1.It is said that a truly great hermit does not retreat into the wilderness, but hides himself amongst the crowd.
2.It is commonly said that a lesser recluse lives incognito in rural residence while a greater recluse conceals himself from fame and recognition by living an urban life.
3.As a saying goes, a so-called hermit secludes/withdraws in deserted wild while a deadly one in the hustling crowd.
4.So people believed: a lesser hermit builds upon the peacefulness of wilderness, while a greater one fits well in the noisy crowd of the downtown.
5.As a common saying goes, while the “l(fā)esser hermit” lives in seclusion in the country, the “greater hermit” does so in the city.
原文中這句話的意思是說:閑逸瀟灑的生活不一定要到林泉野徑去才能體會得到,更高層次的隱逸生活實(shí)在都市繁華之中的心靈凈土,能在最世俗的市朝中排除嘈雜的干擾,自得其樂,才是心靈上真正的生化所在。關(guān)于這句道家名言的翻譯,看前三句則都沒有理解原文的內(nèi)涵,而僅僅做了字面上的解釋。而對比4和5,5使用does so省略了重復(fù)前面的內(nèi)容則更加簡潔,且意思也表達(dá)得很清楚。
三、譯文之“修”
原文:和來家中做客的鄰居朋友用同一種腔調(diào)巧妙地笑謔著身邊的瑣事,大家瞇起的眼睛都默契地閃著同一種狡黠;
1.You and your neighbors, who drop by at your home, joke wittily about personal trivialities in the same jolly mood, everyones eyes squinting and sparkling with a knowing smile.
2.The host enjoys ingenious bantering with visiting neighbors and friends, about trivial matters all round, while their eyes are narrowed by tacit agreement and glisten with the same sort of slyness;
3.You and your friends may be bantering in the same tone about the trivial matters among you, with the narrowed eyes glistening with the concerted slyness;
4.Neighbors and friends come to visit for gossips, and share witty comments on daily trifles with the host in commonly appreciated tunes and manners. A nod is as good as a wink, and tricky sly well-received with rapport.
5.When neighbors and friends come, they share witty jokes about personal trivialities, implicitly understanding each others eye movements of like astuteness.
中文中為了說明一些道理,或反映一些現(xiàn)象,經(jīng)常會省略主語,若都翻譯為you,則顯得十分別扭、生硬。這句話雖然很短,但翻譯起來很有難度,如“腔調(diào)、笑謔、瞇起、默契、狡黠”等詞語,很難在英文中找到對應(yīng)的詞語來簡單使其對等。譯文1中將“同一種腔調(diào)”和“笑謔”結(jié)合起來“in the same jolly mood”但原文中是修飾關(guān)系,譯文2和3將“瞇起眼睛”都譯為narrowed eyes太過直譯,會給外國讀者不知所云的感覺。譯文4的appreciated用的太過片面,因?yàn)橥环N腔調(diào)并不一定指的是欣賞,也可以是嘲笑??傮w來看譯文5譯得最為恰當(dāng),雖然同樣沒有把腔調(diào)和笑謔明確地表示出來,但是原文的意思傳遞得很到位,若多加了修飾的成分反而容易偏離原文的意思。
四、譯文之“詮”
原文:夜幕籠罩,那散落一地的萬家燈火中,有多少尋常的幸福正蝸居在巷陌……
1.As darkness falls and the lights glow, do you know just how much everyday happiness envelops all the households in the mean narrow back alleys?
2.Enveloped by a blanket of darkness, a myriad of twinkling lights are scattered over the most stereotyped common streets and lanes where no one knows exactly how many people abide happily.
3.Night falls over the sleepless city with scattering houselights, where some commonplace happiness must be nestling snugly…
4.On the falling of evening shade, the myriads of lights dot the night city, and from the depth of the downtown lanes, unbounded happiness is twinkling through the darkness…
5.No one knows how much simple happiness is seeping through those back streets lit up by the scattered lamps as the night falls…
文章最后一句回應(yīng)標(biāo)題,重復(fù)說明尋常的幸福蝸居在巷陌。譯文1將有多少譯為了問句顯然是沒有理解原文,這句是感嘆意思為在巷陌蝸居這許多尋常的幸福。譯文2的譯法與其標(biāo)題的譯法相一致,但是nestling snugly并沒有展示出幸福是等待著人們的發(fā)覺這層含義。譯文3蝸居在巷陌也并沒有說一定是在巷陌的深處,用depth不是很恰當(dāng)。譯文5很好的整合了句子,且seep through十分恰當(dāng),很好地詮釋了原文。
五、總結(jié)
五個譯文,參考譯文在各方面都優(yōu)于其他四個,對原文的理解、用詞和句式的調(diào)整與處理都很到位,值得研究與學(xué)習(xí)。
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
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[6]百度百科, http://baike.baidu.com/view
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