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HRE和hTERT修飾條件復(fù)制型腺病毒攜帶Egr-1介導(dǎo)的Smac對人食管癌細(xì)胞Eca109周期和凋亡的影響

2014-05-06 03:38陳文慶金新天
關(guān)鍵詞:腺病毒百分比細(xì)胞周期

陳文慶,金新天,閆 松,劉 剛,王 巍

(吉林省腫瘤醫(yī)院,吉林長春130012)

HRE和hTERT修飾條件復(fù)制型腺病毒攜帶Egr-1介導(dǎo)的Smac對人食管癌細(xì)胞Eca109周期和凋亡的影響

陳文慶,金新天,閆 松,劉 剛,王 巍*

(吉林省腫瘤醫(yī)院,吉林長春130012)

目的 探討以HRE和hTERT修飾條件復(fù)制型腺病毒攜帶Egr-1介導(dǎo)的Smac(CARd.pE-Smac)對人食管癌細(xì)胞Eca109周期和凋亡的影響。方法 利用氯化鈷進(jìn)行化學(xué)乏氧,病毒感染滴度為5MOI[Multiplicity of infection(virus/cell)]感染人食管癌Eca109細(xì)胞24h,并進(jìn)行2Gy照射,12h后分別利用Western blotting檢測Smac蛋白的表達(dá),PI染色和AnnexinⅤ-FITC雙染,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞周期和細(xì)胞凋亡變化。實(shí)驗(yàn)分為control、CARd.pESmac、hypoxia、2Gy、H+CARd.pE-Smac、CARd.pE-Smac+2Gy和H+CARd.pE-Smac+2Gy組。結(jié)果 CARd.pE-Smac感染常氧和乏氧的Eca109細(xì)胞后均未見Smac蛋白表達(dá)增加,而2Gy照射后,常氧、感染CARd.pE-Smac和乏氧再感染CARd.pE-Smac均能使Smac蛋白表達(dá)增加,尤其以三者聯(lián)用后Smac表達(dá)增加最大;感染CARd.pESmac未對細(xì)胞周期有明顯改變,而乏氧、2Gy和感染CARd.pE-Smac任二者(乏氧與2Gy除外)或者三者聯(lián)用均能顯著增加S期和G2/M期細(xì)胞百分比增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),尤其以三者聯(lián)用作用更強(qiáng);而且,對于細(xì)胞凋亡的誘導(dǎo)作用與周期進(jìn)程變化的規(guī)律相類似。結(jié)論 HRE和hTERT修飾條件復(fù)制型腺病毒攜帶Egr-1介導(dǎo)的Smac在人食管癌細(xì)胞Eca109中顯著過表達(dá),且能夠?qū)е录?xì)胞發(fā)生S期延遲和G2/M期阻滯,并誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞發(fā)生凋亡。

缺氧反應(yīng)元件;人端粒酶逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶;條件復(fù)制型腺病毒;人食管癌

(Chin J Lab Diagn,2014,18:1054)

食管癌是消化系統(tǒng)常見惡性腫瘤,我國是食管癌的高發(fā)地區(qū),食管癌主要采用以手術(shù)為主,放化療為輔的治療方案,但由于個(gè)體差異導(dǎo)致患者產(chǎn)生放化療耐受,從而影響效果。腫瘤基因-放射治療提出將早期生長因子-1(early growth factor-1,Egr-1)啟動子置于治療基因的上游,從而增強(qiáng)輻射條件下治療基因的表達(dá),提高效果[1,2]。但是,腫瘤基因放射治療中如何提高靶向性和選擇高效的靶基因非常重要。第2個(gè)線粒體衍生的胱天蛋白酶激活劑(second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase,Smac)是2000年Wang等[3,4]從HeLa細(xì)胞中分離出并的一種新型線粒體蛋白質(zhì),具有顯著的促凋亡活性,其過表達(dá)具有增強(qiáng)腫瘤細(xì)胞放射敏感性的功能,可以作為靶基因;另外,人端粒酶逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶(human telomerase reverse transcriptase,hTERT)啟動子具有腫瘤細(xì)胞內(nèi)高表達(dá)的特點(diǎn),而缺氧反應(yīng)元件(Hypoxia response elements,HREs)具有乏氧誘導(dǎo)特性[5,6],將HRE和hTERT串聯(lián)來修飾條件復(fù)制型腺病毒(conditionally replicative adenovirus,CRAd)對Smac的調(diào)控,有望實(shí)現(xiàn)靶基因在乏氧腫瘤細(xì)胞的高效表達(dá),而且也充分結(jié)合Egr-1的輻射誘導(dǎo)特性,大大提高腫瘤基因-放射治療效果?;诖?,本研究利用HRE和hTERT修飾條件復(fù)制型腺病毒攜帶Egr-1介導(dǎo)的Smac表達(dá),觀察對食管癌細(xì)胞Eca109周期和凋亡的影響,以期為食管癌的基因-放射治療提供新思路。

1 材料與方法

1.1 細(xì)胞系及培養(yǎng)

人食管癌細(xì)胞株Eca109購自中國科學(xué)院上海細(xì)胞生物學(xué)研究所,利用含10%胎牛血清、100U/ml青霉素和鏈霉素的PRMI1640培養(yǎng)基(均為Gibco產(chǎn)品,美國)培養(yǎng),條件為37℃,5%CO2.

1.2 條件復(fù)制型腺病毒

HRE和hTERT修飾的條件復(fù)制型腺病毒Ad.Egr-1-Smac-HRE-h(huán)TERT-E1A-E1Bp-E1B55K(CARd.pE-Smac)由吉林大學(xué)衛(wèi)生部放射生物學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室劉威武博士構(gòu)建并惠贈[7],由HRE和hTERT串聯(lián)修飾腺病毒載體的復(fù)制,而且還具有Egr-1介導(dǎo)Smac過表達(dá)的特性。

1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)分組、乏氧與照射

實(shí)驗(yàn)分為control、CARd.pE-Smac、hypoxia(H)、2Gy、H+CARd.pE-Smac、CARd.pE-Smac+2Gy和H+CARd.pE-Smac+2Gy。人食管癌細(xì)胞Eca109采用化學(xué)乏氧劑氯化鈷(CoCl2,Sigma產(chǎn)品,美國)模擬缺氧狀態(tài),終濃度為150μmol/L,乏氧時(shí)間為24h[7,8]。采用X射線深部治療機(jī)進(jìn)行照射(Philips),照射條件為200kV電壓,10mA電流,濾板為0.5mm Cu和1.0mm Al,靶皮距離為50cm,劑量率為0.287Gy/min,總劑量為2Gy[7]。

1.4 Smac在人食管癌細(xì)胞Eca109中的表達(dá)

對數(shù)生長期的Eca109細(xì)胞按照1×106個(gè)/孔接種于6孔板,24h后待細(xì)胞穩(wěn)定后給予終濃度為150μmol/L的CoCl2模擬乏氧狀態(tài),24h后將病毒感染滴度5MOI[Multiplicity of infection(virus/cell)]CARd.pE-Smac感染細(xì)胞,24h給予2Gy照射12h后,按照《分子克隆技術(shù)》步驟提取各組細(xì)胞蛋白,分裝后凍存于-70℃冰箱中,備用。按照每條泳道50μg蛋白上樣后,進(jìn)行SDS-PAGE電泳進(jìn)行分離,轉(zhuǎn)膜后利用5%脫脂奶粉封閉1h,β-actin和Smac一抗4℃孵育過夜,TBST緩沖液洗2次,利用辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的二抗在37℃條件下繼續(xù)孵育1h,發(fā)光,定影,拍照,分析。

1.5 細(xì)胞周期檢測

細(xì)胞分組及處理方式同1.4,按密度為3×105個(gè)/孔接種24孔板,細(xì)胞收集后PBS洗2次后棄上清,每個(gè)離心管中加入RNAse A 50μl,PI 200μl,混勻,室溫避光反應(yīng)20min后上機(jī)檢測,每個(gè)樣品收取1.0×104個(gè)細(xì)胞。CellQuest軟件收集并分析數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)果以細(xì)胞百分比表示。

1.6 細(xì)胞凋亡檢測

細(xì)胞分組及處理方式同1.5,細(xì)胞收取后采用Annexin V-FITC試劑盒檢測細(xì)胞凋亡變化。細(xì)胞PBS洗2次后棄上清,每個(gè)離心管中加入500μl緩沖液重懸細(xì)胞沉淀,加入5μl Annexin V-FITC和5 μl PI,混勻,室溫避光反應(yīng)5-15min,2h內(nèi)上機(jī)檢測,每個(gè)樣品收取1.0×104個(gè)細(xì)胞。CellQuest軟件收集并分析數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)果以細(xì)胞百分比表示。

1.7 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)以ˉx±s表示,利用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件one-way ANOVA檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行分析,P<0.05或P<0.01表示具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。

2 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果

2.1 Smac蛋白的表達(dá)

由圖1可見,單純感染CARd.pE-Smac和乏氧不能誘導(dǎo)Eca109中Smac蛋白表達(dá)增加,而2Gy照射后可以使Smac表達(dá)增加,乏氧后再感染CARd.pE-Smac后也未見Smac表達(dá)增加,而感染CARd.pE-Smac后在給予2Gy照射,Smac蛋白表達(dá)顯著增加,特別是乏氧后感染CARd.pE-Smac后在給予2Gy照射,Smac表達(dá)增加最大。

Fig.1 Change of Smac protein expression in each groups by Western blotting

2.2 細(xì)胞周期的變化

由表1可見,單純感染CARd.pE-Smac后對Eca109細(xì)胞周期分布未見顯著改變,而乏氧,2Gy照射和乏氧后感染CARd.pE-Smac均導(dǎo)致S期和G2/M期細(xì)胞百分比較control組顯著增加(P<0.05),感染CARd.pE-Smac后給予2Gy照射,S期和G2/M期細(xì)胞百分比較control組顯著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),且G2/M期細(xì)胞百分比較2Gy組也顯著增加(P<0.05),乏氧后感染CARd.pESmac后給予2Gy照射,則S期和G2/M期細(xì)胞百分比較control和2Gy組均顯著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。

Tab.1 Cell cycle of each phage in Eca109 cells(n=3,ˉx±s,%)

2.3 細(xì)胞凋亡的變化

流式細(xì)胞術(shù)(圖2)結(jié)果顯示,乏氧、2Gy照射和乏氧后感染CARd.pE-Smac都能誘導(dǎo)Eca109細(xì)胞凋亡較control組顯著增加(P<0.05),只是2Gy誘導(dǎo)的程度更大,其他二者基本一致;感染CARd. pE-Smac且2Gy照射和乏氧后感染CARd.pESmac并2Gy照射均能導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞凋亡較control組和2Gy組顯著增加(P<0.05,P<0.05),尤其以后者誘導(dǎo)程度更大(表2)。

Fig.2 The representative FCM picture of apoptosis with AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI staining

Tab.2 Cell apoptotic percentage detected by FCM with AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI staining[n=4,ˉx±s,%]

3 討論

條件復(fù)制型腺病毒是比較理想的腫瘤基因治療中靶基因的表達(dá)載體,通常在腫瘤細(xì)胞中產(chǎn)生級聯(lián)的擴(kuò)大效應(yīng)[9,10]。而對其進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)上的改造尤為關(guān)鍵,通常改變策略很多,針對腫瘤的乏氧環(huán)境這一特征,研究者考慮將HRE和hTERT改造到條件復(fù)制型腺病毒載體上,實(shí)現(xiàn)乏氧腫瘤細(xì)胞中病毒感染和復(fù)制的高效。另外,相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)證實(shí)[11,12],電離輻射能夠介導(dǎo)Egr-1啟動下游基因的表達(dá),但是Egr-1啟動子雖然具有誘導(dǎo)下游基因表達(dá)增加的特性,但是因?yàn)榉ρ踹@一特性,導(dǎo)致效率較低。研究者考慮將乏氧和輻射雙重靶向應(yīng)用到一個(gè)目標(biāo)中,實(shí)現(xiàn)雙重效應(yīng)。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)Smac蛋白表達(dá)結(jié)果顯示了HRE和hTERT修飾的條件復(fù)制型腺病毒攜帶Egr-1介導(dǎo)的Smac在人食管癌細(xì)胞Eca109表達(dá)增加,且以乏氧后感染該病毒并進(jìn)行照射表達(dá)最大,實(shí)現(xiàn)了本實(shí)驗(yàn)的初始目標(biāo),為下一步印證相關(guān)效應(yīng)提供必要的基礎(chǔ)。

電離輻射后細(xì)胞如果處于G2/M期阻滯,這樣能夠保證DNA損傷得以修復(fù),細(xì)胞得以存活,不至于死掉。細(xì)胞處于不同周期時(shí),對輻射的敏感性不同,通常G2/M期是敏感期。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),感染病毒并未導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)明顯變化,藥物乏氧即可導(dǎo)致G2/M期細(xì)胞顯著增加(P<0.05),可能與乏氧藥物的作用能夠有關(guān),并不是乏氧環(huán)境導(dǎo)致的。而2Gy照射后也能導(dǎo)致G2/M期細(xì)胞顯著增加(P<0.05),這與臨床放療的分割照射方案相似,可以使細(xì)胞集中在該期,有利于后續(xù)照射效果的提高。感染病毒并給予2Gy照射后G2/M期細(xì)胞顯著增加(P<0.05),這說明Egr-1介導(dǎo)Smac蛋白發(fā)揮了作用。而乏氧的細(xì)胞施以相同的處理,則誘導(dǎo)G2/M期阻滯的程度更大。這對于基于此的食管癌放療方案是一個(gè)比較大的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

另外,Smac是凋亡誘導(dǎo)基因,電離輻射也能直接誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡。以Smac為基礎(chǔ)的腫瘤基因-放射治療可以實(shí)現(xiàn)二者的相互協(xié)同作用。而且,輻射誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞周期檢查點(diǎn)的阻滯,這是臨床腫瘤放射治療的基礎(chǔ)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,感染病毒未見凋亡誘導(dǎo)作用,乏氧和輻射都能誘導(dǎo)Eca109細(xì)胞凋亡增加,而且二者的共同作用效果更強(qiáng),乏氧所發(fā)揮的作用也是和所用化學(xué)試劑模擬乏氧相關(guān)。對于常氧的細(xì)胞,感染病毒并2Gy照射則顯著增強(qiáng)凋亡誘導(dǎo)作用,且對乏氧的細(xì)胞施以相同處理,誘導(dǎo)能力更強(qiáng)。這說明本實(shí)驗(yàn)的HRE和和hTERT修飾的條件復(fù)制型腺病毒介導(dǎo)輻射誘導(dǎo)Smac過表達(dá)對Eca109細(xì)胞具有乏氧狀態(tài)下輻射殺傷增強(qiáng)的作用,這對于食管癌的臨床放療具有重要意義。

綜上,本研究以HRE和hTERT來增加腺病毒在腫瘤細(xì)胞乏氧狀態(tài)下的高效復(fù)制,以Egr-1啟動子實(shí)現(xiàn)輻射時(shí)Smac的過表達(dá)增強(qiáng),這樣的復(fù)合型表達(dá)載體能高效誘導(dǎo)Smac過表達(dá);同時(shí),該條件復(fù)制型腺病毒載體使細(xì)胞阻滯于G2/M期,并誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡,實(shí)現(xiàn)對食管癌細(xì)胞的靶向殺傷增強(qiáng),具有一定的科研價(jià)值和臨床治療參考意義。

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Effects on cell cycle and apoptosis of HRE and hTERT-modified replicative adenovirus carrying Smac mediated by Egr-1in human esophageal cancer Eca109 cells

CHEN Wen-qing,JIN Xin-tian,YAN Song,et al.
(Jilin Province Cancer Hospital,Changchun130012,China)

Objective To explored the effects on cell cycle and apoptosis of HRE and hTERT-modified replicative adenovirus carrying Smac mediated by Egr-1(CARd.pE-Smac)in human esophageal cancer Eca109cells.Methods Chemical hypoxia was achieved by CoCl2,human esophageal cancer Eca109cells were infected with CARd.pE-Smac by infection titer of 5MOI,after 24hcells were irradiated by 2Gy,then after 12h,cells were collected.Smac protein was measured by Western blotting,cell cycle change and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry with PI staining and AnnexinⅤ-FITC double staining,respectively.All groups included control,CARd.pE-Smac,hypoxia,2Gy,H+CARd.pE-Smac,CARd.pE-Smac+2Gy and H+CARd.pE-Smac+2Gy.Results After hypoxic and normoxic cells were infected with CARd.pE-Smac,there were not obvious Smac expression increasing,but after 2Gy irradiation,Smac expression increased in cells of normaxia,CARd.pE-Smac infection and hypoxia+CARd.pE-Smac infection,especially,Smac expression reached to maximum under three combination.Cell cycles had not obvious changes after CARd.pESmac infecting cells,but hypoxia,2Gy and CARd.pE-Smac infection,as the two(except hypoxia and 2Gy)or any three party,significantly increased S and G2/M cell percentages(P<0.05,P<0.01),especially,its role was most strong in combination with the three;in addition,apoptotic induction regularity was similar with cell cycle changes.Conclusion HRE and hTERT-modified replicative adenovirus carrying Smac mediated by Egr-1caused Smac obvious overexpression in human esophageal cancer Eca109cells,and leaded S phage delay and G2/M arrest,and also induced apoptosis.

Hypoxia response elements;hTERT;conditionally replicative adenovirus;Human esophageal carcinoma

Q78

A

2013-10-14)

1007-4287(2014)07-1054-04

吉林省自然科學(xué)基金資助(201115215)

*通訊作者

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