黃德懷

詞語運用是指把一篇文章的關(guān)鍵詞語挖空，詞序打亂，讓考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇正確的詞語填空，以此來進一步考查考生對基礎(chǔ)知識的掌握及運用能力。《義務(wù)教育新課程標準》對詞語運用試題給出了明確的界定，要求初中畢業(yè)生能夠理解和領(lǐng)悟詞語的基本含義以及在特定語境中的意義；能夠了解常用語言形式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用表意功能;能夠根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息；掌握單詞、短語、習慣用語和固定搭配的使用等。

近幾年，河南省中考英語保持了應用性、探究性、綜合性和時代性的特征，著重考查了考生的基礎(chǔ)能力、綜合能力和書面表達能力。在詞語運用題方面，更加體現(xiàn)了這種理念。該題所涉及的知識面廣、靈活性高，綜合性也很強，主要考查考生對知識應用的熟練程度，對語言的遷移能力和對語言信息的綜合處理能力，考查了考生的綜合素質(zhì)。文章的題材比較廣泛，有故事、文化習俗、科普小品、體育等。一般考查的范圍包括介詞、動詞、形容詞、連詞、代詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、習慣表達等，既注重語法知識和習慣用語的考查，又加強對篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解，同時強調(diào)了寫的成分。

一、河南省中考英語對詞語運用考查的具體情況

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分類2013201220112010文體記敘文記敘文記敘文記敘文詞數(shù)190150160200話題講述了一個“以其人之道，還治其人之身”的故事邁克爾·杰克遜的經(jīng)歷和演唱生涯父親給孩子的信人生價值考

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值名詞2分2分1分2分代詞1分2分1分1分動詞3分2分2分4分形容詞2分1分1分1分連詞1分1分2分/介詞1分1分1分/副詞//1分1分數(shù)詞/1分1分1分縱觀2010年以來的河南省中考英語詞語運用試題不難看出，該題型主要基于以下幾個方面來命題：

（一）重點考查單詞拼寫、語言基礎(chǔ)知識，在考查詞匯的同時考查讀與寫的能力。這就要求考生首先要把握住短文的主旨大意，答題時除了考慮詞法、句法，還要研究語篇中句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、銜接和連貫等問題。例如：除2010年以外，每年都考查了連詞,使語篇結(jié)構(gòu)和句意得以很好的承接。

（二）以上表格顯示詞語運用主要考查包括名詞、動詞、副詞、連詞、代詞以及介詞等，基本包括所有詞類。文體方面主要是以記敘文為主。2014年河南省中考英語詞語運用試題可能會延續(xù)以前的考查模式，設(shè)空時仍然會以名詞、動詞、形容詞等實詞為主，副詞等其他的虛詞也會有所涉及。

（三）重視句子之中或句子與句子之間的聯(lián)系，側(cè)重所給詞的變化，如名詞、動詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、形容詞等形式上的變化。

（四）試題選材符合考生的書面表達水平，文體偏重記敘文，以故事類的話題為主，短文內(nèi)容貼近學生的學習和生活。詞數(shù)在200左右。短文共設(shè)10個小題，每空一詞，第一句話一般不設(shè)空，試題力求答案的唯一性。

二、考生在詞語運用試題中易犯的錯誤和存在的問題

（一）考生缺乏在具體語境中運用詞匯的能力，很多時候能夠在12個單詞中選對某個空的單詞，但卻沒有根據(jù)需要變形，寫出單詞的正確形式，因此前功盡棄。這個易犯錯誤在動詞方面尤其突出。

（二）對詞法知識的了解、掌握及運用不足。

（三）基礎(chǔ)知識掌握不牢固，出現(xiàn)單詞拼寫錯誤，詞語的基本變化形式混淆等。

三、詞語運用試題的解題方法

（一）跳過空格，通讀短文，了解大意。解題時先跳過空格，通讀整篇短文，了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨，先易后難，逐一排除。

（二）復讀短文，確定語義，判斷詞形。把握短文大意后認真復讀短文，利用上下文的語境，結(jié)合所學過的知識，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義，再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。

（三）利用語境，確定詞形。當確定了一個單詞的詞性后可通過上下文來幫助判斷其形式。如人稱和數(shù)、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、不定式、動詞的ing形式，名詞的數(shù)和所有格，代詞的各種形式及單復數(shù)，形容詞、副詞的比較級以及基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換形式等。

（四）復讀全文，驗證答案。填完單詞后，不可孤立地逐個檢查，而必須將所有填入的詞代入到文章中，復讀全文，仔細檢查所填詞是否符合文章的情景內(nèi)容，讀起來是否流暢，是否合乎句法，單詞拼寫是否有誤，單詞形式是否正確等，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題要及時更正。

四、對考生平時學習的建議

（一）強化語篇，提高閱讀能力。平時初三學生和老師容易不自覺地偏重語法的學習和教學，學生閱讀練習不是很充足。但是語法的總結(jié)和歸納應該是建立在大量的閱讀基礎(chǔ)之上的，就是各種做題技巧，也是在進行大量閱讀，形成一定語感的情況下才能有效。所以應加大閱讀方面的時間投入，多關(guān)注句子理解、篇章理解和文化理解，久而久之，量變引起質(zhì)變，會站在一個高一點的層面來理解整篇文章，此時再在做題時多注意訓練提高一下做題技巧，會更有效。

（二）基礎(chǔ)知識的掌握要牢固。如：詞匯的拼寫、變化和各種時態(tài)的辨別、用法，這需要在平時的學習中一點一滴的積累。

（三）了解自己。平時容易疲于做題，忽略了反思自己。初三綜合復習時，做過幾套題后要有針對性地分析自己所做過的題，看是在哪道題或是哪部分失分比較多，接下來要有針對性地多訓練。對于詞語運用來說，就是要根據(jù)自己以往所做錯的地方，分析自己哪一方面掌握得不好，舉一反三，在以后做題時特別注意。

（四）對于基礎(chǔ)不太好的學生，如果要攻克詞語運用，可以在增加閱讀量的基礎(chǔ)上先做一些類似于用括號內(nèi)單詞的適當形式填空的專項訓練，這樣的題難度相對小一些，易于把握，然后再做整個短文的詞語運用。由句到篇，逐步訓練能力。

總之，河南省中考英語詞語運用試題就是一道微型的英語能力測試題。它能真實地體現(xiàn)出考生對英語語言知識的綜合運用能力，也能體現(xiàn)出不同層次考生之間的差距。詞語運用試題作為檢測考生各種能力的一種拔高題，日益受到廣大師生的關(guān)注和重視。

五、試題案例

（一）

for, give, get, easy, allow, so, cool, they, student, sell, parents, at

Some students often smoke cigarettes in schools washing room. Tang Liang started smoking 1 the age of 14. One day he knew that Yao Ming, an ambassador（大使）to the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control（中國控煙協(xié)會）, asked people not to smoke. Yao Ming was Tangs favorite star, 2 his words meant a lot to him. He decided to 3 up smoking.

According to the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control, about 350 million Chinese smoke. 50 million is teenagers among4. Sun Ping of Beijing University said, “When their parents smoke or shops 5 cigarettes to them teenagers can get cigarettes more 6. Its very important 7 parents to help their children stop smoking.”

A fifteen boy called Li Chen from Shanghai said his 8 didnt smoke. Because they thought smoking could make people feel badly ill, they didnt 9him to play with friends who smoked. Living in such a good family helped kids say no to cigarettes. Some of his smoking classmates once told Li Chen that smoking made boys look 10, but he disagreed. He said, “Smoking is unhealthy and its not cool at all. Please stop smoking now!”

參考答案與解析

（根據(jù)中國控煙協(xié)會的資料，大約有350,000,000中國人吸煙。其中有50，000,000是青少年。文章告訴我們吸煙有害健康，請戒煙。）

1. at。at the age of… 意為“在幾歲時”。

2. so。由句意“姚明是唐最喜愛的明星，所以他的話對他意義重大”可知答案。

3. give。give up doing sth. 意為“放棄做某事”。

4. them。among 是介詞，后用they 的賓格形式them。

5. sell。sell cigarettes to them 意為“賣給他們煙”。

6. easily。get sth. more easily 意為“更容易得到某物”。

7. for。It is + important + for sb. to do sth. 意為“對某人來說做某事是很重要的”。

8. parents。由句意可知他的父母是不吸煙的。

9. allow。由句意可知因為他們認為吸煙能使人得病，所以他們不允許他和吸煙的朋友在一起玩。

10. cool。look cool意為“看起來很酷”。

（二）

what, surprise, show, work, little, find, why, of, he, song, from, picture

Bill lives in a very far village. He knows 1 about the outside world because he hardly ever gets out of his village.

One day, he got a radio2 his uncle who lives in the city. He was very excited and3 the radio to all his friends.

“Great!” Sheela, one of his friends, said. “Could you please get one for me, too?” another friend Mashi asked. Of course Bill felt very proud 4 the radio.

However, the radio stopped 5 only a few days later. Bill was very sad but didnt know 6 to do. A friend of his told 7 to go to the repair shop in town. So he did. The man in the shop 8 two dead cockroach（蟑螂）in the radio.

Bill started crying. The man, of course, was surprised, “9 are you crying, my boy?” Bill said, “Because the two singers died in my radio. How am I going to listen to nice 10?”

參考答案與解析

（本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了農(nóng)村孩子Bill的有趣故事。）

1. little。know little about sth.，對某物知之甚少，表示否定意義。根據(jù)下文... he hardly ever gets out of his village，他幾乎不曾出村，可判斷他對外面的世界了解很少，故填little。

2. from。get sth. from sb. 意為“從某人那兒得到某物”。

3. showed。根據(jù)后面的to和句意可定位show，另外，前句用了was，時態(tài)要與前面保持一致，故填showed。show sth.to sb. 意為“把某物給某人看”。

4. of。從上文比爾把收音機給朋友們看，可得知他對這個收音機感到很自豪，feel proud of sth. 意為“對某物感到自豪/驕傲”，故填of。

5. working。根據(jù)下文他去修理，可推知收音機壞了，故填working。stop doing sth.意為“停止做某事”，表示停止正在做的事情。此處表示收音機壞了。

6. what。此處是know后跟動詞不定式的用法，do后沒有賓語，可知空格處即是它的賓語，根據(jù)語境可推知“他不知道該做什么”，故填what。

7. him。Bill是男生，此處缺少賓語，故填賓格him。

8. found。根據(jù)語境和首字母提示，可推測意為“找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)”，根據(jù)上文的時態(tài)可判斷用過去時，故填found。

9. Why。根據(jù)下文的回答B(yǎng)ecause... 可知這是why引導的疑問句。故填Why。

10. songs。根據(jù)上文Because the two singers died in my radio.可推知他很傷心?！拔乙院笤趺绰犆烂畹母枨?？”故填songs，前面沒有表示單數(shù)的限定詞，故用復數(shù)形式。

（三）

know, luck, proud, take, problem, good, decide, he, work, still, child, interest

Martin Murray is a schoolboy and he is fifteen years old. He used to be a problem child. He used to give his mother many1. However, after his fathers death, Martins life became much more difficult. His mother couldnt afford to pay for her 2 education. She had to work, and so was often not at home.

His mother tried her best to look after him. Unfortunately, Martin still caused trouble. He was not3 in studying and he often got into trouble with the police. 4, his mother was very patient and didnt give up trying to help him. In the end, she made a difficult 5: to send him to a boys boarding school. Martin hated it and caused a lot of trouble. One day, he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. Even the teacher agreed that Martin was wasting his time.

The head teacher said it was necessary for Martin to talk with his mother. Martin called his mother, but to his surprise, this conversation changed his life.“It was exactly what I needed,” he said. “I 6 how much my mother had given me. She also told me that even though my father was not with us, he was watching me and would always take 7 in everything good I do. Thats when I decided to change.”

Now Martin has really changed. He8 hard and gets “As” in all subjects. He is now one of the 9 students in his class. His mother helps him to feel good about 10. and as he says, “Its very important for parents to be there for their children.”

參考答案與解析

（本文講述了一個“問題孩子”在經(jīng)歷一些問題之后的轉(zhuǎn)變過程，并告訴我們，父母應該多陪在孩子身邊，這樣對孩子的成長也是有好處的。）

1. problems?？疾槊~。本句意為：他過去常常給他媽媽帶來許多麻煩。表示“問題、麻煩”應用problem，在這里應使用其復數(shù)形式，所以正確答案為problems。

2. childs?？疾槊~所有格。本句意為：她承擔不起她孩子的上學費用。表示“孩子的”應用名詞所有格，所以正確答案為childs。

3. interested?？疾樾稳菰~。本句意為：他對學習不感興趣。短語be interested in意為“對……感興趣”，所以正確答案為形容詞interested。

4. Luckily?？疾楦痹~。本句意為：幸運地，他的母親對他很有耐心，并沒有放棄他。表示“幸運地”用luckily，在句首，首字母要大寫，所以正確答案為Luckily。

5. decision?？疾槊~。本句意為：最后她做了一個艱難的決定。表示“做決定、下決心”用make a decision，此處為名詞，并用其單數(shù)形式，所以正確答案為decision。

6. know。考查動詞。本句意為：我知道我的媽媽為我付出的很多。表示“知道”用know，在這里用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以正確答案為know。

7. pride?？疾閯釉~短語。本句意為：他的父親一直在關(guān)注他，并為他做的每一件好事而感到自豪。表示“對……感到自豪”用take pride in，短語中間應使用名詞pride，所以正確答案為pride。

8. works?？疾閯釉~。本句意為：他努力學習，并在各科中得到了“A”。and前后并列動詞短語時態(tài)保持一致，都用一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，所以正確答案為works。

9. best。考查形容詞。本句意為：他現(xiàn)在是班里最好的學生之一。表示“最好的”用形容good的最高級best，所以正確答案為best。

10. himself?？疾榇~。本句意為：他的媽媽幫他樹立對自己的信心。表示“感到自信”用feel good about oneself，這里的代詞用反身代詞，所以正確答案為himself。

（四）

you, good, open, others, stop, happy, who, chance, grow, important, strong, which

There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real!

When the door of1 closes, another opens. But often we look so long at the closed that we dont see the one that has been 2 for us.

Dream what you want to dream, go where you want to go, be what you want to be, because you have only one life and one3 to do all the things you want to do.

May you have enough happiness to make you sweet, enough tests to make you4, enough sorrow to keep you human, enough hope to make you happy. Always put yourself in 5 shoes. If you feel that it hurts you, it probably hurts the other person, too.

The happiest people may not have the6 of everything. They just make the most of everything that comes along their way. Happiness lies for those who cry, those who hurt, those who have searched, and those who have tried, for only they can appreciate the 7 of people who have touched their lives.

Love begins with a smile,8 with a kiss and ends with a tear. The brightest future will always be based on a forgotten past, you cant go on well in life until you let go of（放開）9 past failures and heartaches.

When you were born, you were crying and everyone around you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, youre the one 10 is smiling and everyone around you is crying.

參考答案與解析

（本文是一篇議論文，講述了人們生活中的點點滴滴，告誡人們要真實地活著，要有夢想，要有愛，要微笑面對生活，講述了一種積極向上的生活方式。）

1. happiness。句意為：幸福之門關(guān)閉時，另一扇門會打開。此處使用名詞形式。

2. opened。句意為：可是我們經(jīng)常會長時間地注視那扇關(guān)閉的門，以致忽視了那扇已經(jīng)為我們打開的門。此處使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。

3. chance。句意為：因為你只有一次生命，一次機會做你想做的所有的事情。

4. strong。句意為：足夠的考驗使你堅強。

5. others。put oneself in others shoes意為“站在別人的立場”。

6. best。have the best of everything意為“擁有最好的一切”。

7. importance。此處應用名詞importance。

8. grows。句意為：愛始于微笑，成長于親吻，結(jié)束于眼淚。此處用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

9. your。修飾名詞用形容詞性物主代詞。

10. who。先行詞為不定代詞，在句中作主語，且表示人，故用who。

（五）

one, put, so, read, also, way, from, can, be, water, walk, what

One day, when Bill was 1 home from school, he heard a noise coming from the bushes（灌木）. He went over to see 2 it was. Behind a bush, he found a black dog. Bill went back home as soon as he 3 with the dog and showed her to his parents. Bills dad found that the dog had a broken leg, 4 they brought the dog to a doctor for animals by car. On the 5, Bills parents decided that Bill could keep the dog if they couldnt find the owner.

When they arrived, the doctor checked the dog. He told Bill that she 6 going to have babies! The next day, Bill 7 up signs like “FOUND DOG BLACK” around his neighborhood. He 8 wrote his familys phone number on the signs.

Two days later. Bill got a call 9 the owner of the dog. The owner thanked Bill.

When he came to pick up his dog, he said Bill could have 10 of the babies. Bill was very happy! Finally Bill got a baby dog from the owner. He named him Rosco and liked him very much.

參考答案與解析

（本文是一篇記敘文。小Bill在回家的路上救了一只受傷的小狗，并和父親一起帶小狗看了醫(yī)生，得知小狗懷孕?；丶液?，Bill通過寫招領(lǐng)啟事幫小狗找到了主人，并得到了主人送的一只小狗。）

1. walking。此處表示動作的進行，而且是過去時間，故用過去進行時。

2. what。此處表示想要查看樹后有什么東西，所缺單詞在句中作賓語，故用what。

3. could。此處考查固定短語 as soon as he could（盡可能快地）。

4. so。由前句中a broken leg可知“小狗受傷”，此處看醫(yī)生表示結(jié)果，故用so。

5. way。由下段首句“當他們到了醫(yī)院”可知，此時他們應該是在路上，故用短語on the way。

6. was。此處表示將來,要用be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)，主句told提示，此處應該用過去時態(tài)，故用was。

7. put。在社區(qū)周圍應該是“張貼”招領(lǐng)啟事，且是過去式，故用put up。

8. also。此處表示補充說明，也把家庭電話號碼寫到了上面，且位置在主謂之間，故用also。

9. from。此處表示來自某人，故用from。

10. one。由后句a baby dog可知，此處表示“他可以擁有一只小狗”。

（六）

so, start, easy, badly, someone, difficult, if, thank, class, reporter, medical, succeed

Proving Them Wrong!

Im John Wood, a doctor at a famous Boston hospital. During the first two years of high school, I found biology very 1. My report cards always said things like “must study harder” or “John shouldnt choose science 2.” It was really terrible for 3 who had always dreamed of becoming a doctor. I lost confidence, so I left high school at sixteen and 4 working at a supermarket.

One evening I saw a documentary about Albert Einstein. According to the documentary, Einstein had done really 5 at school. I began to think that Einstein could 6, then I may have a chance, too. I didnt want to leave my job, 7 I decided to go to night school to finish high school. Two years later, I went to a 8 university.

Ive often thought I should contact the 9 of the Einstein documentary and 10 him. As for the biology teacher, I might contact her, too, one day — but not to thank her!

參考答案與解析

（夢想成為醫(yī)生的“我”，由于生物學得不好，在老師一句“不適合學理科”評價下，“我”失去信心。然而在愛因斯坦成功事例的鼓舞下，“我”夢想成真。一句話可以成就一個人，也可以毀掉一個人。）

1. difficult。根據(jù)下文“成績單總是寫著‘應努力學習”可知生物對作者來說很難。

2. classes。句意為：不應選擇理科。

3. someone。根據(jù)句意“對夢想成為醫(yī)生的人來說很糟糕”得知答案。

4. started。根據(jù)上下文可以知道是離開學校之后開始在超市上班。

5. badly。根據(jù)文獻知道愛因斯坦在學校曾經(jīng)學習很糟。

6. succeed。愛因斯坦能成功，我可能還有機會。

7. so。考查連詞。我不想丟掉工作，因此我決定上夜校。

8. medical。根據(jù)上文夢想成為醫(yī)生，所以應為“上醫(yī)學院”。

9. reporter。我應聯(lián)系愛因斯坦文獻的記者。

10. thank。我應聯(lián)系愛因斯坦文獻的記者并謝謝他。

（七）

keep, stop, different, pass, who, weigh, journey, whether, she, little, protect, happily

Long, long ago, an Indian walked to the temple for pilgrimage（朝圣）. The 1 was long and the mountain road was hard to walk. So though he carried little baggage, he still walked hard. Just in front of him, he saw a little girl, 2 than 10 years old, carrying a fat boy on her back and also moving on slowly. She breathed heavily and 3 sweating（流汗）, but her hands still firmly 4 the boy on her back.

When5 by the little girl, the Indian said to her, “My girl, you must be very tired because what you carry is so heavy!” Hearing this, the little girl said 6, “What you carry is a weight , but what I carry is not a weight. He is my little brother.”

It is true, on the scale（天平）, 7 it is a brother or a burden（負擔）, there is no 8, for it will show the actual weight, but for a heart, what the little girl said is right : what she carried was 9 little brother, not a weight, for the burden was the weight. She loved her little brother from the heart.

Love has no10, so love is not a burden but the happy solicitude（牽掛）and selfless devotion（奉獻）.

參考答案與解析

（本文講述了一個朝圣者在路上碰到一個背著小男孩的小女孩，兩個人都背負東西在路上前行，卻有不同的心理感受。通過小女孩的話我們知道愛的偉大。）

1. journey?？疾槊~。句意為：旅途漫長，山路崎嶇難行。

2. less。考查形容詞比較級。less than意為“少于、不超過”。

3. kept?？疾閯釉~。keep doing sth. 意為“一直做某事”。

4. protected。考查動詞。句意為：她的手仍然緊緊地保護著背上的孩子。

5. passing?？疾榉侵^語動詞。連詞后接動詞ing形式。

6. unhappily?？疾楦痹~。修飾動詞用副詞。句意為：聽到這句話，小女孩不高興地說道。

7. whether?？疾檫B詞。whether… or… 意為“不管是……還是……”。

8. difference?？疾槊~。句意為：無論是兄弟還是負擔在天平上都沒有差別。different的名詞形式為difference。

9. her?？疾槲镏鞔~。修飾名詞用形容詞性物主代詞。句意為：她所背的是她的小弟弟而不是負擔。

10. weight?？疾槊~。句意為：愛沒有重量。weigh的名詞形式為weight。

（八）

much, nature, protect, from, kill, opinion, another, us, waste, serious, sell, to

Environment is such an important topic that more and more people are talked about it. It is necessary to 1 our environment because it helps keep us 2 suffering any disasters in the nature.

How to protect our environment? 3 scientists have been discussing this topic all over the world. In my 4, on the one hand, we need to care about wildlife and our 5 resources. Some people keep hunting wild animals and 6 them for food and clothes. At the same time, our human being have been affected by these wild animals diseases. Businessmen keep their industries develop so that many pollutants（污染物） have been released to the air and water. The pollution does 7 harm to our normal lives. On the 8 hand, we need to save our water. I often see people 9 a lot of water every day. They dont know that our natural resources are so limited with huge growing population.

The government has begun to take measures to fight against pollution. But there is still a long way to go. We should take care of our earth and try our best to protect it, not only for 10.

In conclusion, protecting our environment needs everybody to take responsibility. Let us do it from now on to create our healthy living environment.

參考答案與解析

（環(huán)境問題一直以來是大家非常關(guān)注的一個話題，環(huán)境對每一個人來說都很重要，保護環(huán)境也是每一個人的職責所在。目前，環(huán)境問題日益嚴重，政府和廣大人民群眾都在采取措施保護我們生存的環(huán)境。）

1. protect?？疾榫湫汀癐ts +形容詞+to do sth.”。

2. from。keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止或者防止某人做某事。

3. Many?？盏暮竺嬗袀€scientists，所以要用many修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

4. opinion。考查固定搭配in ones opinion（在某人看來、以某人的觀點）。

5. natural。形容詞修飾名詞。表示“自然資源”用natural resources。

6. killing。keep doing sth.意為“一直做某事”。空前有一個and，所以hunting和killing并列。

7. seriously。副詞修飾動詞。修飾動詞harm得用副詞而不能用形容詞。

8. other。第二段第二行有一個on the one hand和此空是習慣搭配。表示“一方面……另一方面”。

9. waste。“see （watch, find, notice, hear） +sb. + 動詞原形”，表示看見動作的全過程。

10. ourselves。表示“我們自己”，用反身代詞，并且用復數(shù)形式。所以用ourselves。

（九）

well , soft, second ,better , may ,strongly, afraid, sand , stay, if, now, house

We cant stop an earthquake, but we can do things to make sure they dont destroy whole cities. First, it is not a 1 idea to build houses along lines where 2 of the earths plates（板塊）join together. Second, if you think there 3 be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rocks, not on 4. Third, you must make the houses as 5 as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6 up.

Scientists are 7 that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco（舊金山）. They call it “The Big One”. However, people today are still building more 8. The population in and around San Francisco is 9 ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that 10 there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.

參考答案與解析

（這是一篇科普類文章，主要講了地震的相關(guān)常識。不能把房子建在地震帶上，應該建在結(jié)實的巖石上面，并且要建得結(jié)實一些?？茖W家們對今后也許會再發(fā)生的地震表示擔憂。）

1.good。依句型這里需要形容詞，看全文應是“好”。

2.two。文章一開始就說，我們雖然不能阻止地震，但可以采取措施減少地震對城市的破壞程度。如果那樣的話，那么在地球板塊與板塊交界的地方建造房屋肯定不是好主意。

3. may。在這里表示猜測、假設(shè)，意思是“可能”。

4. sand?！吧车亍迸c前面的rocks 一詞對應。這句話是說，如果你認為某個地方可能要發(fā)生地震，最好是將房屋建在地質(zhì)比較堅硬的地帶，而不能建在地質(zhì)松的地帶。

5. strong。除地質(zhì)條件外，將房屋建得strong（牢固）些，也是減輕地震災害的一項重要措施。

6. stay。在這里是“站立、矗立”的意思，與前面的 fall down 一詞相對應。

7.afraid。因為舊金山這個城市就建在太平洋板塊與美洲大陸板塊交界的地帶（環(huán)太平洋地震帶），所以說科學家們感到“擔心、害怕”。

8.houses。科學家們感到擔心和害怕，但是那里的人還在那里建造房屋，這正好與前面說的減輕地震災害的方法相反。

9.now。與后面的1906年相對比。

10.if。文章最后小結(jié)提出假設(shè)：一旦有一天發(fā)生地震，許多房屋和建筑將被摧毀。

（十）

job, get, chance, four, why, live, easy, take, honest, good, order, come

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Im here today to share a good lesson with you. It is a true story about an overseas student 1 in Germany.

After years of hard work, this student graduated with amazing achievements. Everyone thought he was going to get a good2 easily and have a bright future. But to his disappointment, he was not even given the 3 for an interview! The third time he was refused, he couldnt help telephoning the company to ask 4 they didnt want him. The answer was simple. “We dont offer jobs to 5 people in Germany.”

What was wrong, you might wonder? The truth is, shortly after he arrived in Germany, this clever student found that it was 6 to skip buying subway tickets. So in 7 to save money, he often went without a ticket. As a result, he had been caught without a ticket in the subway 8 times.

From this story, we learn that we may get shortterm benefits in dishonest ways, but the truth will 9 out sooner or later and the cost is high. So remember: honesty is the 10 rule.

Thats all for my speech. Thank you!

參考答案與解析

（這是一篇演講稿，通過一個生動的例子告訴大家一個道理：我們可以用不誠實的方式獲取短期的利益，但遲早會真相大白，并且要為此付出高昂的代價。誠實才是上策。）

1. living?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾 student。

2. job。前一句說該學生取得了驚人的成績，都認為他能有一份好工作（job）和光明的未來。

3. chance。句意：他甚至沒有被給予面試的機會。

4. why。why引導的賓語從句表示原因。

5. dishonest。由下文知那個學生曾四次被抓逃票，所以是不誠實的。

6. easy。句意：……發(fā)現(xiàn)逃票很容易。句型“It is +adj.+to do sth.”。

7.order。句意：……為了節(jié)省錢，他經(jīng)常逃票。

8. four。four times 意為“四次”。注意用基數(shù)詞。

9. come。the truth will come out意為“將會真相大白”。

10. best。honesty is the best rule意為“誠實才是上策”。注意the后的最高級形式。