李健
【中圖分類號(hào)】G633.4 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】2095-3089(2014)03-0170-02
素質(zhì)教育是針對(duì)人的本質(zhì)特征進(jìn)行教育培養(yǎng),使良好行為或品質(zhì)固定下來并具有恒定特性的教育過程。素質(zhì)教育應(yīng)包括這樣三個(gè)方面,即身體素質(zhì)、心理素質(zhì)教育和社會(huì)性素質(zhì)教育。思想政治素質(zhì)是最重要的素質(zhì),而道德品質(zhì)是素質(zhì)教育的靈魂。要突出德育的首要位置,要把學(xué)生成為“四有新人”,要使他們不僅有知識(shí)的儲(chǔ)備,還要具有愛國主義情感,樹立正確的人生觀、價(jià)值觀以及具有高尚的審美情趣等。下面,僅粗淺談一談對(duì)英語教學(xué)中的德育教育的一些方法的討論。
一、榜樣激勵(lì)法
教師可以利用課本本身的情節(jié),主人公的精神品質(zhì)來激勵(lì)學(xué)生。課文中有許多這樣的材料。SB1BUnit 20 L78 Paper 課文中第一段講道:“The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years; paper was one of the most important inventions the whole of Chinese history. As a result of this invention, much is known about Chinese history because records were kept on paper. However, in other parts of the world, much of the history over hundreds of years is completely unknown. As there was no paper in these countries, no records were kept.” 又如SBIB Unit 24L94 A Farming Pioneer 中一段講道:“China was one of the first countries in the world to study the science of farming.” “While pepole in other countries in the world were trying to catch wild animals and birds and were still collecting seeds and nuts, farmers in China were developing the science of agriculture.”通過以上兩則事實(shí)的描述對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行愛國主義教育,促進(jìn)學(xué)生產(chǎn)生民族自豪感,激發(fā)學(xué)生的愛國主義情感。
SB2B Unit 13 L50 Albert Einstein 文中通過對(duì) Albert Einstein 的學(xué)習(xí),特別是其中“He stuck to his opinion and went on with his research but he asked for very little money.” 這表現(xiàn)出 Albert Einstein 追求真理、堅(jiān)持真理的科學(xué)態(tài)度。 另外一句:“Besides his work in physics ,he spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress.”這表現(xiàn)出他對(duì)人人平等的追求與努力。還有一句:“It was sand that he found in music the peace which was missing in a world full of wars and killings.”表現(xiàn)出他厭惡戰(zhàn)爭,渴望和平的思想。而“He once refused to speak on the radio for S1000 a minute.”則表現(xiàn)出他對(duì)金錢的態(tài)度。與之類似的還有SB3A Unit 1 L2 L3 Madame Curie一課,Madame Curie 將她的發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種元素命名為polonium 以紀(jì)念她的祖國,表現(xiàn)她的愛國情感。“We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well, and that, when we discover what this something is, we must work hard at it until we succeed.” 則表現(xiàn)出她對(duì)科學(xué)研究的執(zhí)著追求的態(tài)度。“She refused to treat these new discoveries as though they belonged to her, and instead shared all her knowledge with the whole scientific world.”表現(xiàn)出她在科學(xué)研究方面的大公無私精神。
二、創(chuàng)設(shè)情景法
SB2B L29 Fiest Aid 是一篇兩個(gè)人Chen Wei 和Susan主動(dòng)幫助受傷小女孩的故事。教師可以對(duì)主動(dòng)提出幫助的動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行分析,使學(xué)生很自然的受到尊老愛幼、助人為樂、與人為善等優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)的教育。同時(shí),提供一些場景或?qū)W生自己設(shè)想場景來進(jìn)行分組練習(xí)。這既可培養(yǎng)說話能力,又滲透了助人為樂的思想教育。
三、總結(jié)課文主題思想法
SB1B Unit 26 L102 L103 An Interesting Life 中講述了歌星 Bob Geldof 實(shí)施一個(gè)為非洲貧困區(qū)獻(xiàn)愛心的計(jì)劃??梢蕴釂枺骸癢hat did the writer want to show by telling us such a story?”使學(xué)生通過分析內(nèi)容而了解Bob Geldof 的無私奉獻(xiàn)和助人為樂的精神。同時(shí),又可通過另一個(gè)問題,:“What shall we do now?” 使學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到要幫助身邊的貧困生,要為希望工程獻(xiàn)愛心,要為災(zāi)區(qū)人民出份力,要為建設(shè)祖國而發(fā)奮學(xué)習(xí),從而激發(fā)學(xué)生的愛國之情。在另兩篇課文SB2A Unit 9 Saving the Earth 和 SB3A Unit 6L22 Dealing with Waste 中,談到了當(dāng)今熱點(diǎn)之一的環(huán)境問題,是學(xué)生產(chǎn)生了一種危機(jī)感。通過提問:“As a student, what shall we do to change the situation?”讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)要從自己做起,從小事做起,保護(hù)我們賴以生存的地球,增強(qiáng)了環(huán)保意識(shí)。
四、討論法
教師可從學(xué)生的討論中了解他們的心理、觀念,然后進(jìn)行比較分析從而作出判斷,給予適當(dāng)?shù)难a(bǔ)充,進(jìn)一步完善學(xué)生的觀點(diǎn)。從而很自然地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生樹立正確的人生觀。
如SB2A Unit 10 L 38 At the TailorsShop 一課中,可提出兩個(gè)問題:1.Why did the shop assistant show the customer the cheapest clothes? 2.What made the manager and Tod change the attitudes to the customer? 痛過討論揭示出資本主義社會(huì)“money talk”的本質(zhì)。接著,通過討論What do you think the relationships between money and life in China? 讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到崇高的理想,成功的事業(yè),真摯的友誼,健康的體魄等都是金錢買不到的,從而樹立正確的金錢觀。
五、師德垂范法
榜樣的力量是無窮的。雖然,本文“一”是有“榜樣激勵(lì)法”,但對(duì)學(xué)生來說畢竟有些抽象。學(xué)生們很自然地會(huì)模仿別人的言行。教師和學(xué)生們朝夕相處,加之教師在學(xué)生心中的特殊地位和份量,教師的一言一行自然地影響到學(xué)生。學(xué)高為師,身正為范,在教學(xué)中教師應(yīng)精神飽滿,熱情洋溢,以良好的情緒,高度的事業(yè)心和責(zé)任感去影響、激發(fā)學(xué)生積極向上的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和發(fā)展他們的優(yōu)良性格及品質(zhì)。
除此之外,還可利用板報(bào),墻報(bào)等給他們一些內(nèi)容健康的諺語、警句、格言等,讓學(xué)生潛移默化地接受思想教育。