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基于多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化的生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃建模與NSGA—Ⅱ—IFD算法求解

2014-09-21 05:21宋敘言沈江
中國人口·資源與環(huán)境 2014年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化

宋敘言 沈江

摘要 生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)的建設(shè)是我國經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的重要驅(qū)動因素,而園區(qū)的

產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃是園區(qū)建設(shè)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),在一定程度上決定著園區(qū)能否充分發(fā)揮作用。

學(xué)界對于生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃的研究大多集中在定性研究,提出了很多生態(tài)工

業(yè)園區(qū)規(guī)劃的原則和思路方法,而園區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃受到經(jīng)濟、環(huán)境、社會等多個

層面影響,是個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)問題。只有從定量的角度出發(fā),針對實際情況提取科

學(xué)問題,建立普適的規(guī)劃方法,才能從根本上解決生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃的問題。

本文針對生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)規(guī)劃的實際情況提取科學(xué)問題,建立普適的生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)

產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃方法,旨在建立該問題的優(yōu)化模型,并提出求解算法。根據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃實

際情況,以“后期的內(nèi)生動力需求最大化”和“初期的經(jīng)濟增長需求最大化”兩

個目標(biāo)建立模型,充分考慮園區(qū)在資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境友好的條件下長久運營和可持

續(xù)發(fā)展的要求以及在建設(shè)和運營初期經(jīng)濟增長與投入成本綜合作用為地區(qū)的經(jīng)

濟發(fā)展帶來效益的要求。進行數(shù)學(xué)建模后,研究求解該多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型最優(yōu)

解的方法,將不可行度(IFD)選擇操作引入改進型非劣分類遺傳算法(NSGA-Ⅱ),

用此改進的NSGA-Ⅱ-IFD算法求解模型,最后通過泰安市泰山生態(tài)工業(yè)園產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)

劃的實例驗證該模型與算法的有效性。實證結(jié)果表明:①運用本文研究的模型

和算法能夠得到3個Pareto最優(yōu)解,形成Pareto最優(yōu)前端,決策者可根據(jù)對兩個

目標(biāo)的偏好選擇產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃最終方案;②除非到達企業(yè)選擇數(shù)上限,若選擇某產(chǎn)

業(yè)鏈,則產(chǎn)業(yè)中的所有企業(yè)都將被選擇,這與生態(tài)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈集聚效應(yīng)相吻合。

關(guān)鍵詞 生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū);產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃;多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化;NSGAⅡIFD算法

中圖分類號 F205

文獻標(biāo)識碼 A

文章編號 1002-2104(2014)09-0068-07

隨著我國社會文明的進步,可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的進一步實踐和落實,生態(tài)和環(huán)境效益日益受到重視,逐漸成為與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展同等重要的關(guān)鍵因素。黨的十八屆三中全會首次提出了“生態(tài)文明”概念,保護環(huán)境、節(jié)約資源成為了文明社會的重要標(biāo)志。而在“生態(tài)文明”構(gòu)建中,生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)的建設(shè)和發(fā)展具有重要的作用和意義。20 世紀(jì)70 年代,丹麥建立了第一個生態(tài)工業(yè)園—Kalunborg生態(tài)工業(yè)園,此后世界很多國家和地區(qū)先后出現(xiàn)了許多包含物質(zhì)交換與廢物循環(huán)的共生體項目和計劃,都被稱為生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)[1]。生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)在世界各地的興建也引發(fā)學(xué)術(shù)界的大量研究和討論。

國外對生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)的研究很多,從1989年,F(xiàn)rosch和Gallopoulos[2]提出工業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)以來,JouniKorhonen[3],David Gibbs和Pauline Deutz[4]等從不同角度論述了工業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)特征,為開展生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)的研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。我國生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)建設(shè)處于初期階段,對其研究也基本集中在園區(qū)評價方面,如成貝貝等[5]以低碳工業(yè)園為研究對象,提出規(guī)劃原則,并構(gòu)建基于產(chǎn)出體系、資源體系、生活指標(biāo)、政策指標(biāo)的評價指標(biāo)體系。萬林葳[6]運用蟻群算法對與生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)環(huán)境效益相關(guān)的分類指數(shù)公式和綜合指數(shù)公式進行優(yōu)化,并構(gòu)建了環(huán)境效益評價模型。但僅僅研究園區(qū)的評價,無法從根本上解決我國生態(tài)工業(yè)園的產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃和建設(shè)缺少科學(xué)指導(dǎo)這一問題,園區(qū)在經(jīng)濟、環(huán)境和社會效益上的功能也就無法充分實現(xiàn)。

對于生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃的研究大多集中在定性研究。劉娟、謝家平[7]從工業(yè)生態(tài)、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和景觀生態(tài)三方面論述了生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)運作的基礎(chǔ)理論,并分析了園區(qū)規(guī)劃的原則和程序。劉永清[8]分析了基于循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)構(gòu)建途徑,包括企業(yè)整合、資源整合、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈優(yōu)化和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施優(yōu)化等。梅林海、張紅紅[9]用博弈分析方法,對園區(qū)內(nèi)同類企業(yè)、不同類企業(yè)、企業(yè)與政府間的多種利益博弈格局進行分析,并結(jié)合廣州開發(fā)區(qū)的實踐,探討相關(guān)解決措施及建議。田金平等人[10]從微觀、產(chǎn)業(yè)集群、園區(qū)和社會四個層面總結(jié)了中國生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)的發(fā)展模式并提出相應(yīng)建議。其他一些學(xué)者對具體生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)進行實證研究,探討其規(guī)劃原則與方法,并對發(fā)展路徑提出建議,如對三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)工業(yè)園的研究[11]以及山東臨沂高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)的研究[12]等。

上述研究提出了很多生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)規(guī)劃的原則和思路方法,但是生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃面臨經(jīng)濟、環(huán)境、社會等多個維度的綜合影響,是一個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)問題,只有從定量的角度出發(fā),針對實際情況提取科學(xué)問題,建立普適的規(guī)劃方法,才能從根本上解決生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃的問題。因此,本文基于多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化,充分分析生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)建設(shè)和運營初期的經(jīng)濟增長需求和后期的內(nèi)生動力需求,綜合環(huán)境保護、資源消耗等因素,提出產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型,并設(shè)計求解模型的NSGAⅡIFD算法,最后通過泰安市泰山生態(tài)工業(yè)園產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃的實例驗證該模型與算法的適用性。

1.2 數(shù)學(xué)建模

1.2.1 多目標(biāo)函數(shù)

根據(jù)生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)的定義,其規(guī)劃與建設(shè)應(yīng)區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)的工業(yè)園區(qū),在重視經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的同時,兼顧環(huán)境和社會效益,即滿足經(jīng)濟、環(huán)境和社會效益的協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一。因此,根據(jù)生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)的功能和定位,在產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃的決策問題上,需要同時考慮建設(shè)和運營初期的經(jīng)濟增長需求和后期的內(nèi)生動力需求來建立目標(biāo)函數(shù)。

(1)后期的內(nèi)生動力需求最大化。

可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則是生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)建設(shè)和發(fā)展的重要原則,即使得園區(qū)具備足夠的內(nèi)生動力,以保證在資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境友好的條件下長久的運營和發(fā)展,因此產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃需要首先考慮園區(qū)內(nèi)生動力需求最大化。內(nèi)生動力指的是園區(qū)企業(yè)在資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境友好方面的能力,園區(qū)企業(yè)的內(nèi)生動力可以用“3R”原則進行考量。“3R”是減量化(Reduce)、再使用(Reuse)、再循環(huán)(Recycle)英文首字母的簡稱,是循環(huán)綠色經(jīng)濟的三個重要原則,即在最少的自然資源消耗下,通過節(jié)約、回收以及再利用廢舊資源,最大程度的開發(fā)和利用資源的價值,減少消耗與浪費,以滿足經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展需要?!?R”關(guān)注經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與資源消耗和環(huán)境破壞的比值,這個比值衡量了生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力,這樣就可以以“3R”為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建評價內(nèi)生動力的指標(biāo)體系,如圖1所示。

上述機制中,Pareto支配關(guān)系“”指的是基于約束主導(dǎo)原理的不同個體之間的支配關(guān)系,也就是將所有可行解與不可行解同時進行排序和選擇。通過以上IFD非支配排序,形成不同排序級別的非劣前端F1,F(xiàn)2…,對于處于同一等級的非劣前端的所有個體擁有相同的概率被復(fù)制。之后對種群執(zhí)行小生境錦標(biāo)賽選則,采用精英策略防止父代優(yōu)良個體遺傳到下一代時丟失以及擁擠比較操作算子保持種群的多樣性,這一點與原始NSGAⅡ算法相同,再對種群進行交叉和變異,形成新的種群,進行迭代,直至形成Pareto最優(yōu)解前端或者達到迭代次數(shù),完成求解。

3 泰安市泰山生態(tài)工業(yè)園產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃實證

泰山生態(tài)工業(yè)園位于山東省泰安市泰山區(qū),園區(qū)占地面積為2.1 km2,至2012年底,泰山生態(tài)工業(yè)園入駐規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)44家,實現(xiàn)工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值176.2億元,利稅17.7億元,稅收5.8億元,對全區(qū)經(jīng)濟增長貢獻率達39.2%。為滿足國家對經(jīng)濟、社會發(fā)展的新需求,泰山生態(tài)工業(yè)園擬向新的生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)進行轉(zhuǎn)型,重新進行產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃。

備選的產(chǎn)業(yè)和企業(yè)如下表1所示。

通過具體的Pareto最優(yōu)解也可以看出,產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的集聚效應(yīng),除非到達企業(yè)選擇數(shù)上限,選擇某產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,則產(chǎn)業(yè)中的所有企業(yè)都被選擇。這一點與其他學(xué)者的生態(tài)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈理論也是互相印證的。

4 結(jié) 論

我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型進入關(guān)鍵時期,生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)作為國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要載體,能否實現(xiàn)其經(jīng)濟、環(huán)境、社會協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的功能,將對我國生態(tài)文明建設(shè)及可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的實行產(chǎn)生重大影響。生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃在園區(qū)建設(shè)和發(fā)展中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。而園區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃受到經(jīng)濟、環(huán)境、社會等多個層面影響,是個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)問題。本文以多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化為核心內(nèi)容,建立該問題的優(yōu)化模型,根據(jù)園區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃實際問題,以“后期的內(nèi)生動力需求

最大化”和“初期的經(jīng)濟增長需求最大化”兩個目標(biāo)建立多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型,同時界定了模型的約束條件。為了求解該帶約束的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型,在原有的NSGAⅡ基礎(chǔ)上,將IFD選擇操作引入算法,形成改進的NSGAⅡIFD算法,求解本模型。最后通過泰安市泰山生態(tài)工業(yè)園產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃的實例驗證該模型與算法的有效性。

研究結(jié)果表明:

(1)除非到達企業(yè)選擇數(shù)上限,若選擇某產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,則產(chǎn)業(yè)中的所有企業(yè)都將被選擇,這與生態(tài)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈集聚效應(yīng)相吻合。

(2)對于決策者,可以根據(jù)Pareto前端,選擇對兩個目標(biāo)偏好不同的Pareto最優(yōu)解。

(3)最終得出的Pareto最優(yōu)解只有3個,可見,算法在保持種群多樣性以及形成Pareto前端上仍需改進。

本文在已有備選產(chǎn)業(yè)和企業(yè)的前提下,從定量的經(jīng)濟、環(huán)境、社會效益最大化的角度,為生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃提供了有益的科學(xué)指導(dǎo)與決策支持,促進生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)進一步優(yōu)化發(fā)展。在此基礎(chǔ)上,綜合考慮區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的政策導(dǎo)向、資源限制等其他因素,可以做出適合園區(qū)發(fā)展的最優(yōu)決策。

(編輯:常 勇)

參考文獻(References)

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[2]Frosch R A, Gallopoulos N E. Strategies for Manufacturing [J]. Scientific American, 1989, 261 (3):144-152.

[3]Korhonen J. Four Ecosystem Principles for an Industrial Ecosystem [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2001, 9(3):253-259.

[4]Gibbs D, Deutz P. Reflections on Implementing Industrial Ecology Through Ecoindustrial Park Development [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2007, 15(17):1683-1695.

[5]成貝貝, 汪鵬, 趙黛青, 等. 低碳工業(yè)園區(qū)規(guī)劃方法和評價指標(biāo)體系研究 [J]. 生態(tài)經(jīng)濟, 2013,(5):126-135. [Cheng Beibei, Wang Peng, Zhao Daiqing, et al. Research on Lowcarbon Industrial Park Planning Methods and Evaluation Index System [J]. Ecological Economy, 2013,(5):126-135.]

[6]萬林葳. 基于蟻群算法的生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)環(huán)境效益評價 [J]. 統(tǒng)計與決策, 2012,(17):49-51. [Wan Linwei. Environmental Benefit Evaluation of Ecoindustrial Park Based on Ant Colony Algorithm [J]. Statistics and Decision, 2012,(17):49-51.]

[7]劉娟,謝家平. 生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)規(guī)劃的理論綜述[J]. 未來與發(fā)展,2009,(6):21-25.[Liu Juan, Xie Jiaping. A Study Review on the Designing of Ecoindustrial Parks [J].Future and Development, 2009,(6):21-25.]

[8]劉永清. 基于循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)構(gòu)建研究[J]. 科技進步與對策,2009,26(5):52-55.[Liu Yongqing. Based on the Circular Economy of the Research on the Construction of Ecological Industrial Park [J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2009,26(5):52-55.]

[9]梅林海,張紅紅. 生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)企業(yè)間的利益博弈分析[J]. 暨南學(xué)報:哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版,2008,(3):53-58.[Mei Linhai, Zhang Honghong. Analysis on the Game Theory View of the Benefits between the Industries in Ecoindustrial Parks [J]. Journal of Jinan University:Philosophy & Social Science Edition, 2008,(3):53-58.]

[10]田金平,劉巍,李星,等. 中國生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)發(fā)展模式研究[J]. 中國人口·資源與環(huán)境,2012,22(7):60-66.[Tian Jinping, Liu Wei, Li Xing, et al. Study of Ecoindustrial Park Development Mode in China [J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2012,22(7):60-66.]

[11]江新,趙靜. 基于系統(tǒng)論對三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)工業(yè)園發(fā)展路徑優(yōu)化的探討:以開縣生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)發(fā)展思路為例[J]. 生態(tài)經(jīng)濟,2012,(6):113-116.[Jiang Xin, Zhao Jing.Discussion of EcoIndustrial Parks Development Path Optimization in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Based on the System Theory: A Case Study of Kaixian EcoIndustrial Park Development Ideas [J]. Ecological Economy, 2012,(6):113-116.]

[12]王少華,劉勝發(fā). 生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃布局研究:以山東臨沂高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)為例[J]. 環(huán)境科學(xué)與管理,2007,32(11):154-157.[Wang Shaohua, Liu Shengfa. The Research of EcoIndustrial Park Industry Planning and Layouts: Linyi HighTech Industrial Development Zone [J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2007,32(11):154-157.]

[13]Deb K, Agrawal S, Pratap A, et al. A Fast Elitist Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm for Multiobjective Optimization:NSGAII [R]. KanGAL Report 200001.Kanpur:Indian Institute of Technology,2000.

[14]藺宇,康力,史英杰. 行人導(dǎo)向標(biāo)識布設(shè)的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化建模與IFDNSGAⅡ算法求解[J]. 系統(tǒng)管理學(xué)報,2013,22(4):553-559.[Lin Yu, Kang Li, Shi Yingjie.Multiobjective Modeling and Optimization for Layout of Pedestrianguidance Signs with IFDNSGAAlgorithm [J]. Journal of Systems & Management, 2013,22(4):553-559.]

[15]Deb K, Pratap A, Meyarivan T. Constrained Test Problems for Multiobjective Evolutionary Optimization [R].KanGAL Report 200002.Kanpur:Indian Institute Technology,2002.

[16]王躍宣,劉連臣,牟盛靜.處理帶約束的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化進化算法[J].清華大學(xué)學(xué)報:自然科學(xué)版,2005,45(1):103-106.[Wang Yuexuan, Liu Lianchen, Mu Shengjing.Constrained Multiobjective Optimization Evolutionary Algorithm [J]. Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology Edition, 2005,45(1):103-106.]

Abstract Ecoindustrial park is an important driving factor for Chinas economic and social development. The industrial planning is a crucial procedure for the construction of ecoindustrial park, playing an important role on defining the function of the park. Experts attached importance on qualitative research, carried out different disciplines and methods on ecoindustrial park planning. However, the planning of ecoindustrial parks is a complex systematic issue, involving many aspects such as economy, environment and society, etc. Only by quantitative methods, based on practical situation, can the universal planning method be established. Furthermore, the planning issue will be resolved. From the view of quantitative analysis, this research tried to find scientific issues from facts, established a universal planning method, and constructed an optimization model on the industrial planning of the park. After that, a solution algorithm was proposed. Based on the current situation of industrial planning, two objectives, which are ‘maximization of internal endogenous power demand in the later period and ‘maximization of economic development demand in the earlier period, were applied in the model, fully considering the coordination of longterm operation, sustainable development, economic development, costs and benefits, etc. After mathematic modeling, a method was worked out to calculate this multiobjective model, in which infeasible degree (IFD) was combined with NSGAⅡ, forming NSGAⅡIFD solving model. Taishan Ecoindustrial Park in Taian was used as an example to verify the effectiveness of this model and algorithm. The result indicated that ① the model and algorithm could be used to find proper Pareto optimization solutions (three in this research), forming the Pareto optimization frontier to help the decision maker with different objective preference to make decision;② unless the enterprise amount reached the upper limit, all enterprises in the same business line would be chosen, in accordance with the cluster effect of ecological industry chain.

Key words ecoindustrial parks; industrial planning; multiobjective optimization; NSGAIIIFD algorithm

[8]劉永清. 基于循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)構(gòu)建研究[J]. 科技進步與對策,2009,26(5):52-55.[Liu Yongqing. Based on the Circular Economy of the Research on the Construction of Ecological Industrial Park [J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2009,26(5):52-55.]

[9]梅林海,張紅紅. 生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)企業(yè)間的利益博弈分析[J]. 暨南學(xué)報:哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版,2008,(3):53-58.[Mei Linhai, Zhang Honghong. Analysis on the Game Theory View of the Benefits between the Industries in Ecoindustrial Parks [J]. Journal of Jinan University:Philosophy & Social Science Edition, 2008,(3):53-58.]

[10]田金平,劉巍,李星,等. 中國生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)發(fā)展模式研究[J]. 中國人口·資源與環(huán)境,2012,22(7):60-66.[Tian Jinping, Liu Wei, Li Xing, et al. Study of Ecoindustrial Park Development Mode in China [J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2012,22(7):60-66.]

[11]江新,趙靜. 基于系統(tǒng)論對三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)工業(yè)園發(fā)展路徑優(yōu)化的探討:以開縣生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)發(fā)展思路為例[J]. 生態(tài)經(jīng)濟,2012,(6):113-116.[Jiang Xin, Zhao Jing.Discussion of EcoIndustrial Parks Development Path Optimization in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Based on the System Theory: A Case Study of Kaixian EcoIndustrial Park Development Ideas [J]. Ecological Economy, 2012,(6):113-116.]

[12]王少華,劉勝發(fā). 生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃布局研究:以山東臨沂高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)為例[J]. 環(huán)境科學(xué)與管理,2007,32(11):154-157.[Wang Shaohua, Liu Shengfa. The Research of EcoIndustrial Park Industry Planning and Layouts: Linyi HighTech Industrial Development Zone [J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2007,32(11):154-157.]

[13]Deb K, Agrawal S, Pratap A, et al. A Fast Elitist Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm for Multiobjective Optimization:NSGAII [R]. KanGAL Report 200001.Kanpur:Indian Institute of Technology,2000.

[14]藺宇,康力,史英杰. 行人導(dǎo)向標(biāo)識布設(shè)的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化建模與IFDNSGAⅡ算法求解[J]. 系統(tǒng)管理學(xué)報,2013,22(4):553-559.[Lin Yu, Kang Li, Shi Yingjie.Multiobjective Modeling and Optimization for Layout of Pedestrianguidance Signs with IFDNSGAAlgorithm [J]. Journal of Systems & Management, 2013,22(4):553-559.]

[15]Deb K, Pratap A, Meyarivan T. Constrained Test Problems for Multiobjective Evolutionary Optimization [R].KanGAL Report 200002.Kanpur:Indian Institute Technology,2002.

[16]王躍宣,劉連臣,牟盛靜.處理帶約束的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化進化算法[J].清華大學(xué)學(xué)報:自然科學(xué)版,2005,45(1):103-106.[Wang Yuexuan, Liu Lianchen, Mu Shengjing.Constrained Multiobjective Optimization Evolutionary Algorithm [J]. Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology Edition, 2005,45(1):103-106.]

Abstract Ecoindustrial park is an important driving factor for Chinas economic and social development. The industrial planning is a crucial procedure for the construction of ecoindustrial park, playing an important role on defining the function of the park. Experts attached importance on qualitative research, carried out different disciplines and methods on ecoindustrial park planning. However, the planning of ecoindustrial parks is a complex systematic issue, involving many aspects such as economy, environment and society, etc. Only by quantitative methods, based on practical situation, can the universal planning method be established. Furthermore, the planning issue will be resolved. From the view of quantitative analysis, this research tried to find scientific issues from facts, established a universal planning method, and constructed an optimization model on the industrial planning of the park. After that, a solution algorithm was proposed. Based on the current situation of industrial planning, two objectives, which are ‘maximization of internal endogenous power demand in the later period and ‘maximization of economic development demand in the earlier period, were applied in the model, fully considering the coordination of longterm operation, sustainable development, economic development, costs and benefits, etc. After mathematic modeling, a method was worked out to calculate this multiobjective model, in which infeasible degree (IFD) was combined with NSGAⅡ, forming NSGAⅡIFD solving model. Taishan Ecoindustrial Park in Taian was used as an example to verify the effectiveness of this model and algorithm. The result indicated that ① the model and algorithm could be used to find proper Pareto optimization solutions (three in this research), forming the Pareto optimization frontier to help the decision maker with different objective preference to make decision;② unless the enterprise amount reached the upper limit, all enterprises in the same business line would be chosen, in accordance with the cluster effect of ecological industry chain.

Key words ecoindustrial parks; industrial planning; multiobjective optimization; NSGAIIIFD algorithm

[8]劉永清. 基于循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)構(gòu)建研究[J]. 科技進步與對策,2009,26(5):52-55.[Liu Yongqing. Based on the Circular Economy of the Research on the Construction of Ecological Industrial Park [J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2009,26(5):52-55.]

[9]梅林海,張紅紅. 生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)企業(yè)間的利益博弈分析[J]. 暨南學(xué)報:哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版,2008,(3):53-58.[Mei Linhai, Zhang Honghong. Analysis on the Game Theory View of the Benefits between the Industries in Ecoindustrial Parks [J]. Journal of Jinan University:Philosophy & Social Science Edition, 2008,(3):53-58.]

[10]田金平,劉巍,李星,等. 中國生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)發(fā)展模式研究[J]. 中國人口·資源與環(huán)境,2012,22(7):60-66.[Tian Jinping, Liu Wei, Li Xing, et al. Study of Ecoindustrial Park Development Mode in China [J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2012,22(7):60-66.]

[11]江新,趙靜. 基于系統(tǒng)論對三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)工業(yè)園發(fā)展路徑優(yōu)化的探討:以開縣生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)發(fā)展思路為例[J]. 生態(tài)經(jīng)濟,2012,(6):113-116.[Jiang Xin, Zhao Jing.Discussion of EcoIndustrial Parks Development Path Optimization in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Based on the System Theory: A Case Study of Kaixian EcoIndustrial Park Development Ideas [J]. Ecological Economy, 2012,(6):113-116.]

[12]王少華,劉勝發(fā). 生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)劃布局研究:以山東臨沂高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)為例[J]. 環(huán)境科學(xué)與管理,2007,32(11):154-157.[Wang Shaohua, Liu Shengfa. The Research of EcoIndustrial Park Industry Planning and Layouts: Linyi HighTech Industrial Development Zone [J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2007,32(11):154-157.]

[13]Deb K, Agrawal S, Pratap A, et al. A Fast Elitist Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm for Multiobjective Optimization:NSGAII [R]. KanGAL Report 200001.Kanpur:Indian Institute of Technology,2000.

[14]藺宇,康力,史英杰. 行人導(dǎo)向標(biāo)識布設(shè)的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化建模與IFDNSGAⅡ算法求解[J]. 系統(tǒng)管理學(xué)報,2013,22(4):553-559.[Lin Yu, Kang Li, Shi Yingjie.Multiobjective Modeling and Optimization for Layout of Pedestrianguidance Signs with IFDNSGAAlgorithm [J]. Journal of Systems & Management, 2013,22(4):553-559.]

[15]Deb K, Pratap A, Meyarivan T. Constrained Test Problems for Multiobjective Evolutionary Optimization [R].KanGAL Report 200002.Kanpur:Indian Institute Technology,2002.

[16]王躍宣,劉連臣,牟盛靜.處理帶約束的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化進化算法[J].清華大學(xué)學(xué)報:自然科學(xué)版,2005,45(1):103-106.[Wang Yuexuan, Liu Lianchen, Mu Shengjing.Constrained Multiobjective Optimization Evolutionary Algorithm [J]. Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology Edition, 2005,45(1):103-106.]

Abstract Ecoindustrial park is an important driving factor for Chinas economic and social development. The industrial planning is a crucial procedure for the construction of ecoindustrial park, playing an important role on defining the function of the park. Experts attached importance on qualitative research, carried out different disciplines and methods on ecoindustrial park planning. However, the planning of ecoindustrial parks is a complex systematic issue, involving many aspects such as economy, environment and society, etc. Only by quantitative methods, based on practical situation, can the universal planning method be established. Furthermore, the planning issue will be resolved. From the view of quantitative analysis, this research tried to find scientific issues from facts, established a universal planning method, and constructed an optimization model on the industrial planning of the park. After that, a solution algorithm was proposed. Based on the current situation of industrial planning, two objectives, which are ‘maximization of internal endogenous power demand in the later period and ‘maximization of economic development demand in the earlier period, were applied in the model, fully considering the coordination of longterm operation, sustainable development, economic development, costs and benefits, etc. After mathematic modeling, a method was worked out to calculate this multiobjective model, in which infeasible degree (IFD) was combined with NSGAⅡ, forming NSGAⅡIFD solving model. Taishan Ecoindustrial Park in Taian was used as an example to verify the effectiveness of this model and algorithm. The result indicated that ① the model and algorithm could be used to find proper Pareto optimization solutions (three in this research), forming the Pareto optimization frontier to help the decision maker with different objective preference to make decision;② unless the enterprise amount reached the upper limit, all enterprises in the same business line would be chosen, in accordance with the cluster effect of ecological industry chain.

Key words ecoindustrial parks; industrial planning; multiobjective optimization; NSGAIIIFD algorithm

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