許海生 韓金利 楊冉 楊曉虹 陳濤 王艷敏(安陽市腫瘤醫(yī)院 河南安陽 455000)
食管癌患者術(shù)前血清CRP水平與預(yù)后的關(guān)系
許海生韓金利楊冉楊曉虹陳濤王艷敏
(安陽市腫瘤醫(yī)院河南安陽455000)
【摘要】目的探討術(shù)前血清C-反應(yīng)蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平在食管癌患者預(yù)后評(píng)估中的作用。方法檢測120例食管癌患者術(shù)前CRP水平,分析術(shù)前CRP水平、患者臨床病理特征及預(yù)后之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果CRP水平與TNM分期、T分期、N分期相關(guān)。不同年齡、性別、腫瘤部位、病理類型的食管癌患者術(shù)前血清CRP水平差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。以CRP濃度5 mg/L為分界點(diǎn)分為CRP正常組和CRP升高組,單因素生存分析示病理類型、TNM分期、T分期、N分期及術(shù)前CRP是預(yù)后危險(xiǎn)因素。血清CRP水平升高者和血清CRP正常者術(shù)后5年生存率分別為43%和16%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。多因素生存分析示病理類型、T分期、術(shù)前CRP是預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。CRP升高組和正常組的預(yù)后風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比(HR)為2.765,95%CI為(1.713,4.465)。結(jié)論食管癌患者術(shù)前血清CRP水平升高是預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。【關(guān)鍵詞】C-反應(yīng)蛋白;食管癌;預(yù)后
食管癌是我國常見的惡性腫瘤,特別是太行山區(qū),是世界上食管癌高發(fā)區(qū),據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),2011年全球食管癌新增482 300例,死亡406 800例[1]。在我國食管癌病死率居癌癥死因第4位[2],外科手術(shù)是食管癌的首選治療,但5年生存率僅為35%~45%[3]。食管癌術(shù)后生存時(shí)間與腫瘤的生物學(xué)特性、患者體質(zhì)等多重因素相關(guān),目前尚缺乏準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測指標(biāo)體系。近年來越來越多的研究表明,腫瘤患者機(jī)體的炎癥反應(yīng)在腫瘤的生長、轉(zhuǎn)移過程中發(fā)揮著重要作用。系統(tǒng)性炎癥反應(yīng)導(dǎo)致的血清C-反應(yīng)蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平升高成為多種腫瘤預(yù)后的危險(xiǎn)因素。本研究主要探討食管癌患者術(shù)前CRP水平、臨床病理特征及預(yù)后之間的關(guān)系。
1.1一般資料收集2008年9月至2009年8月安陽腫瘤醫(yī)院胸外科經(jīng)手術(shù)治療的120例食管癌病例,其中男68例,女52例;年齡41~71歲,中位年齡62 歲;所有患者術(shù)前均無結(jié)締組織病、活動(dòng)性感染、第二原發(fā)腫瘤等可能導(dǎo)致CRP異常的因素。手術(shù)前均未進(jìn)行過放化療、生物治療等抗腫瘤治療,經(jīng)全身檢查,無絕對(duì)手術(shù)禁忌。所有患者均有完整的隨訪資料,隨訪時(shí)間截止2014年10月。
1.2檢測方法手術(shù)前1 d空腹抽取患者靜脈血3 ml置于肝素管內(nèi),3 000 r/min離心10 min,上貝克曼生化自動(dòng)分析儀DXC800進(jìn)行檢測,CRP檢測方法為免疫透射比濁終點(diǎn)法,正常值參考范圍<5 mg/L。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件SPSS 20.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,定量資料以(±s)表示,采用Kruskal Wallis檢驗(yàn)。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,生存率比較采用Log-rank檢驗(yàn),多因素生存分析用Cox多因素回歸分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1不同病理特征的術(shù)前CRP水平TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期的術(shù)前CRP水平顯著高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期的術(shù)前CRP水平(P<0.05); T3~T4期術(shù)前CRP顯著高于Tis~T2期(P<0.05);不同N分期CRP水平差異亦有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。不同年齡、性別、病變部位、病理類型的術(shù)前CRP水平差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表1。
2.2不同病理參數(shù)及術(shù)前CRP水平與預(yù)后的單因素生存分析食管癌患者5年總體生存率為33%,不同年齡、性別、病變部位患者的術(shù)后生存率差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),影響食管癌預(yù)后的因素有病理類型、TNM分期、T分期、N分期和CRP水平,見表2。CRP<5 mg/L和≥5 mg/L組的中位生存時(shí)間分別為55個(gè)月和29個(gè)月。
表1 不同病理特征的術(shù)前CRP水平(±s)
項(xiàng)目 n CRP水平P年齡/歲<65 93 16.71±13.79 0.456 ≥65 27 15.36±14.82性別男68 14.90±17.17 0.119 女52 18.37±17.39病變部位上段 20 14.86±15.74中段 63 15.13±11.56 0.268下段 37 16.22±15.45病理類型鱗癌 111 15.31±14.64腺癌 6 13.50±11.74 0.375其他 3 16.34±15.49 TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期 67 11.87±8.17 0.012Ⅲ~Ⅳ期 53 19.99±14.35 T分期Tis~T2 56 12.58±12.45 0.009 T3~T4 64 20.78±15.19 N分期N0 72 11.35±10.87 N1a 33 14.43±12.89 0.035 N1b 9 17.65±14.46 N26 19.72±15.87
2.3預(yù)后危險(xiǎn)因素的多因素分析COX多因素回歸分析示病理類型、T分期、CRP是影響食管癌患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。CRP≥5 mg/L組與CRP<5 mg/L組的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比(HR)為2.765。見表3。
食管癌是我國常見惡性腫瘤,外科治療手段已經(jīng)取得了很大進(jìn)步,但遠(yuǎn)期生存率仍較低。尋找可靠的預(yù)測指標(biāo)在治療前就能對(duì)患者進(jìn)行有效評(píng)估具有重要的臨床意義,能夠指導(dǎo)臨床治療方案的制定,提高患者的生存率和生存質(zhì)量。隨著生物學(xué)檢測技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步,與食管癌預(yù)后相關(guān)的生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物不斷被發(fā)現(xiàn),有細(xì)胞角蛋白19片段21-1(CYFRA21-1)、p53抗體、細(xì)胞凋亡蛋白酶-3、環(huán)氧合酶-2、E-鈣黏蛋白、鱗狀細(xì)胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)、血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(VEGF)[4]等血清學(xué)標(biāo)志物及Pin1[5]、CD44變型[6]和MIB-1增殖[7]等分子生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物。然而這些標(biāo)志物的敏感性和特異性均不高,且檢測方法復(fù)雜或者成本高。因此尋找簡單、有效的能預(yù)測食管癌預(yù)后的因子是目前面臨的一個(gè)重要課題。
CRP作為一種急性期時(shí)相反應(yīng)蛋白,惡性腫瘤時(shí)多有升高,包括肺癌、食管癌、胃癌、結(jié)直腸癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、膀胱癌、卵巢癌、頸部腫瘤、黑色素瘤、胸腺瘤等[8]。Polterauer S等[9]研究了215例宮頸癌CRP水平與預(yù)后的關(guān)系發(fā)現(xiàn): CRP水平與更高腫瘤分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、高齡有顯著相關(guān)。而與組織學(xué)類型和組織學(xué)分級(jí)無顯著相關(guān)性。單因素、多因素生存分析顯示CRP、腫瘤分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是獨(dú)立的預(yù)測因子。Funovics等[10]研究了79例骨肉瘤患者術(shù)前CRP與預(yù)后的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)術(shù)后死亡組CRP水平顯著高于生存組,單因素、多因素生存分析均顯示CRP是獨(dú)立的預(yù)后因子。CRP<1 mg/dl和CRP>1 mg/dl組的5年生存率分別為73.8%和367%(P<0.05)。Alifano M等[11]研究了300例非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者術(shù)前CRP水平,發(fā)現(xiàn)CRP和病理分期結(jié)合能更加精確判斷預(yù)后: Ⅰ/Ⅱ期患者CRP>20 mg/L者與CRP<20 mg/L者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比HR =1.874; 95% CI 1.039~3.381,而Ⅲ/Ⅳ期患者不同CRP水平預(yù)后差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
本研究單因素生存分析顯示病理類型、TNM分期、T分期、N分期和CRP水平是食管癌預(yù)后危險(xiǎn)因素,而COX多因素回歸分析顯示病理類型、T分期和CRP是食管癌患者的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因素。TNM分期作為傳統(tǒng)的腫瘤分期是目前預(yù)測食管癌預(yù)后的最主要指標(biāo)。隨著原發(fā)腫瘤的生長增殖,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的概率增加,TNM分期與T分期及N分期密切相關(guān),所以COX多因素回歸分析示T分期是食管癌預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,這與食管癌TNM分期并不矛盾。病理類型與食管癌預(yù)后關(guān)系密切,我國作為食管癌高發(fā)區(qū),主要病理類型是鱗癌,本研究120例患者中鱗癌111例,腺癌6例,3例其他(小細(xì)胞癌1例和腺鱗癌2 例),本研究顯示不同病理類型的食管癌患者術(shù)前CRP水平差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,鱗癌患者預(yù)后好于腺癌及其他,可能原因是鱗癌的淋巴結(jié)及血行轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生較晚及對(duì)放化療的敏感度高。本研究結(jié)果證實(shí)食管癌患者術(shù)前CRP水平是預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因子,同國外多項(xiàng)研究[12-14]的結(jié)論一致。然而Ikeda等[12]的研究未區(qū)分病理類型。Crumley等[13]的研究對(duì)象包含食管和胃,Gockel等[14]未研究不同病理類型對(duì)預(yù)后的影響。術(shù)前CRP水平作為獨(dú)立預(yù)后機(jī)制尚不清楚,可能原因:一方面CRP升高與T淋巴細(xì)胞功能功能受損,侵潤能力下降相關(guān)[15]。另一方面CRP升高者體內(nèi)VEGF水平升高[16],促進(jìn)腫瘤組織血管生成和增強(qiáng)腫瘤侵襲能力,從而腫瘤的惡性程度更高。
綜上所述,食管癌患者術(shù)前CRP水平可作為評(píng)估預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因子,CRP檢測方便、價(jià)廉,多數(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室生化分析儀都能常規(guī)檢測。術(shù)前常規(guī)檢測CRP有助于臨床醫(yī)生有效估計(jì)預(yù)后,從而制定更加合理的治療方案。
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The relationship between preoperative serum C-reactive protein levels and prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma
Xu Haisheng,Han Jinli,Yang Ran,Yang Xiaohong,Chen Tao,Wang Yanmin
(Anyang Tumour Hospital,Anyang 455000,China)
【Abstract】Objective To discuss the effect of preoperative serum C-reactive protein(CRP)levels on predicting the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer.Methods Preoperative CRP serum levels were measured in 120 patients with esophageal carcinoma.The relationship between the CRP serum levels,clinicopathological features and long-term prognosis was evaluated.Results The serum CRP levels were significantly associated with TNM stage,T stage and N stage,but not with age,gender,histological type and tumor location.All patients were divided into elevated CRP group and normal group according to CRP concentration of 5 mg/L as the boundary point.Univariate analysis showed that histological type,tumor TNM stage,T stage,N stage and serum CRP levels were associated with survival.The 5-year cancer-specifc survival in patients with CRP<5 mg/L and≥5 mg/L were 43% and 16% respectively(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that histological type,T stage and CRP were independent prognostic parameters.The hazard ratio(HR)95% CI of elevated CRP group and normal group was 2. 765(1.713,4.465).Conclusion The presence of an elevated preoperative C-reactive protein concentration was an independent predictor of poor cancer-specific survival.
【Key words】esophageal carcinoma; preoperative C-reactive protein; long-term prognosis
(收稿日期:2015-03-28)
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-437X.2015.06.004
【中圖分類號(hào)】R 733.4