魏代芬
why是一個(gè)常用詞,它在中學(xué)英語教材中使用得非常廣。該詞的詞性也較多,可以作疑問副詞、關(guān)系副詞、名詞和感嘆詞。其特殊用法較多,也較難掌握?,F(xiàn)對(duì)why的特殊用法分述于下:
1.why+不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式可以用來引導(dǎo)疑問句。這種提問常表示做某事是愚蠢的、無意的或不必要的。
Why pay more at other shops?
為什么到別的商店去多花錢呢?
Why stand up if you can sit down?
要是你能坐下,為什么站著?
Why argue with him ? He' ll never change his mind.
為什么要跟他爭(zhēng)論?他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)改變看法的。
Why ask me? Why,then,wait?問我干什么?那么,還等什么呢?
注:如果這種句子不帶情緒色彩,而不定式帶情態(tài)意義時(shí),則可用帶to的不定式:
What to do next?( =What are we to do next ? )
我們下一步該怎么辦呢?
2.Why not+不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式的用法:
(1)表示提出建議或勸告:
Why not let lend you some money ?
Why not take a holiday ?
Why not join us ? 這種句子也可以寫為:
Why don't you join us?
注:a.why not后可接名詞:
Why not just a flower ?
b.why not后可接名詞詞組:
Why not a cup of tea ?
c.why not后可接動(dòng)名詞短語:
Why not going to the park?
還有Why not go there?這種問句所表示的時(shí)間是過去還是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),須依上下文來決定。
(2)表示贊同:
A:I' m going to put this whole weekend down , minute by minute.
B:Why not ? 對(duì)嘛。
A:Will you come ?
B:Yes, why not ?
(3) why not = why should ...not(是的,會(huì)來的.)
A:You shouldn't smoke ,
B:Why not?( = Why shouldn't I smoke?)
A:The bath - house won't open today .
B:But why not?
Could they agree with one another as to what an elephant was like ? Why not ?
3.why so=Why ( do you say-) so ?
I cannot think why you like him so ?
Why do you think so ?(= What makes you think so?)
Why is it so difficult to learn English ?
4.why作名詞表示理由或原因:
I cannot explain why.
The man cannot start the car.Tom knows why.
Let us see why and how.
Tell me all the whys and wherefores.
5.why+否定式謂語一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
Why don't you all come to my college next Tuesday ?
你們下星期二都到學(xué)校來不好嗎?
We are going to have a walk in the county.
Why don't you come either?
Why don't you try again?
注:這種句子的現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可以表示立即的將來:
Why don't you go? 你怎么不去?
I haven't quite finished my tea yet.
Why don't you go and see the doctor?
6.why所引出的問句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示剛過去的事:
Why do you sigh?你為什么嘆氣?
Why on earth do you say that?
注:Why ask me ? 這種問句所表示的時(shí)間,是過去時(shí)還是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),須依上下文來決定。
7.Why + should的用法:
(1)Why should...?表示“不能理解”之意:
Why should it get colder when we go up a mountain ?
Youre getting , nearer to the sun.
爬山的時(shí)候,為什么越來越冷呢?不是離太陽越來越近嗎?
Why should you ride in a carriage with the best of them ?
(2)Why should...?表示惱怒和生氣:
-- Give me a cigarette.-- Why should I ?
——給我一支煙?!獮槭裁匆o你?
8.Why作感嘆詞用表示吃驚、承認(rèn)、輕微的抗議和反對(duì)等:
Why that's John over there.嗨,約翰在那兒。
Why dont you know me ? 啊,你難道不認(rèn)識(shí)我嗎?
Why you' re right , maybe.咳,恐怕你是對(duì)的羅。
9.Why should ...not ...?
在修飾“I see no reason ...There is no reason ...”之類的句子時(shí),須用why one should的正常語序;單獨(dú)使用時(shí),仍用問句語序:
There is no reason )Why should I not ride in a taxi ? (倒裝)
There is no reason why he should refuse.( = There is on reason for his refusing).(正常)
10.the reason why:
關(guān)系副詞可以省去先行詞,如:
Tell me ( the reason ) why you came.
That's ( the reason ) why you went.
最后應(yīng)說明的是,在下列兩種情況下不能用Why:
1.在帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式前不能加why組成動(dòng)詞不定式短語;其它疑問代詞( who,what, whom, which, whose,whether)和疑問副詞( when, where,how)可以加在帶有to的動(dòng)詞不定式前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語。
2.在非限定性定語從句中一般不用why引導(dǎo)(其它關(guān)系詞可以引導(dǎo))。