車中玉 于永濤 王海龍 周偉光 丁健倫
136000吉林省四平市中心醫(yī)院胸外科
胸膜纖維板剝脫術(shù)治療慢性膿胸臨床分析
車中玉 于永濤 王海龍 周偉光 丁健倫
136000吉林省四平市中心醫(yī)院胸外科
目的:探討臟層胸膜纖維板剝脫術(shù)治療慢性膿胸的效果。方法:將62例慢性膿胸患者隨機分為治療組和對照組,各31例。治療組行全麻下臟層胸膜纖維板剝脫術(shù),部分病例加做肺切除。對照組行臟層、壁層胸膜纖維板同時剝脫。觀察手術(shù)治療效果及術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況、并發(fā)癥等。結(jié)果:治療組切口感染1例,其余均治愈出院,平均手術(shù)時間1.5 h,輸血310 mL,引流管拔除時間3.1 d,住院天數(shù)12.3 d。對照組4例因術(shù)后呼吸衰竭行1~3 d機械通氣支持,術(shù)后合并多器官功能障礙死亡1例,切口感染4例,平均手術(shù)時間2.5 h,輸血630 mL,引流管拔除時間5.3 d,住院天數(shù)16.7 d。結(jié)論:臟層胸膜纖維板剝脫術(shù)治療慢性膿胸并發(fā)癥少,恢復(fù)快,療效滿意。
胸膜纖維板剝脫術(shù);慢性膿胸;并發(fā)癥
慢性膿胸在胸外科患者中并非少見,治療上相對棘手。1998年 10月-2013年12月收治慢性膿胸患者62例,采用臟層胸膜纖維板剝脫術(shù)及臟層、壁層胸膜纖維板同時剝脫兩種方法治療,現(xiàn)報告如下。
62例患者中,男48例,女14例,年齡11~72歲。既往有肺炎、肺膿腫病史48例,結(jié)核病史8例,胸外傷、血胸病史4例,肺葉切除史2例?;颊呔胁煌潭葼I養(yǎng)不良,貧血、感染中毒癥狀。將患者隨機分為治療組(n=31)和對照組(n=31),兩組患者中性別、年齡、病史類型差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
方法:兩組患者術(shù)前均經(jīng)充分抗感染、糾正營養(yǎng)不良、反復(fù)輸少量血及新鮮血漿以糾正貧血及全身狀況。手術(shù)采用雙腔氣管插管,全麻下進行。治療組全部行臟層胸膜纖維板剝脫術(shù),徹底清除膿腔,其中因肺部病灶實變或已不可逆改變同期行肺葉切除5例,全肺切除1例,同時采用帶蒂肌瓣、心包、或大網(wǎng)膜修補支氣管殘端。對照組行臟層、壁層胸膜纖維板同時剝脫,同期行肺葉切除3例,全肺切除1例,支氣管殘端處理同治療組。術(shù)后均行抗感染,依據(jù)藥敏試驗選用敏感抗菌素,祛痰,營養(yǎng)支持治療,保持引流管通暢,負壓吸引,必要時延遲拔管時間,鼓勵患者深呼吸、咳痰,加強肺功能鍛煉及胸部物理治療。
統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法:所有數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 19.0進行統(tǒng)計分析,采用χ2檢驗;P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
治療組病例中切口感染1例,其余均治愈出院,平均手術(shù)時間1.5 h,術(shù)中出血300 mL,輸血310 mL,引流管拔除時間3.1 d,住院天數(shù)12.3 d。對照組病例中4例因術(shù)后呼吸衰竭行1~3 d機械通氣支持,1例術(shù)后出血較多進而二次手術(shù),術(shù)后合并多器官功能障礙死亡,切口感染4例。平均手術(shù)時間2.5 h,術(shù)中出血700 mL,輸血630 mL,引流管拔除時間5.3 d,住院天數(shù)16.7 d。結(jié)果顯示治療組的手術(shù)時間、術(shù)中出血量、輸血量、引流管拔除時間、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥、住院天數(shù)等均優(yōu)于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
慢性膿胸多繼發(fā)于肺部化膿性感染、肺結(jié)核、胸外傷或手術(shù)后并發(fā)癥如支氣管胸膜瘺等。多因診斷治療較晚、急性期引流不當、控制感染不利等原因而來[1]。手術(shù)治療的目的是將膿腔內(nèi)容物完全清除并使肺臟能完全復(fù)張消滅殘腔。以前多采用臟層及壁層胸膜纖維板同時剝脫或行胸廓成形術(shù),但手術(shù)打擊大,手術(shù)時間長,術(shù)中出血多,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥多,患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)較慢。
本次治療組病例均采用臟層胸膜纖維板剝脫方法,術(shù)中先切開膿腔,清除內(nèi)容物,充分剝離臟層胸膜表面的纖維板,盡量使肺能完全復(fù)張以消滅膿腔,如果有肺內(nèi)病變,如結(jié)核或膿腫,則同時行肺切除術(shù)。應(yīng)謹慎對待壁層纖維板的清除,因壁層纖維板血管豐富,且為體循環(huán)血管,如強行剝離,會失血很多且較難止血,增加輸血量及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥可能。對照組病例中術(shù)后平均輸血630 mL,且有1例術(shù)后出血較多進而二次手術(shù),術(shù)后合并多器官功能障礙死亡。有文獻認為,通過剝離臟層胸膜纖維板已可使肺完全復(fù)張,這樣多厚的壁層纖維板都可能被吸收[2]。對有支氣管胸膜瘺者,在閉合支氣管殘端后用帶蒂肋間肌瓣、心包、或大網(wǎng)膜加固修補支氣管殘端。手術(shù)結(jié)束時要反復(fù)沖洗胸腔,術(shù)后保持引流管通暢,負壓吸引,必要時延遲拔管時間,鼓勵患者深呼吸、咳痰,加強肺功能鍛煉及胸部物理治療,進一步促使肺膨脹,消滅殘腔。筆者認為此為相當重要一項,如引流不暢,肺膨脹不良,有殘腔存在,易再次感染,手術(shù)失敗。同時加強抗感染治療,根據(jù)藥敏試驗選用有效抗菌素,支持療法,均可獲滿意療效。
表1 治療組和對照組數(shù)據(jù)對比
[1]顧凱時.胸心外科手術(shù)學(xué)[M].北京:人民衛(wèi)生出版社,1996:335.
[2]趙鳳瑞,譯.普通胸部外科學(xué)[M].沈陽:遼寧教育出版社,1999:1039.
Clinical analysis of pleural fibreboard stripping operation in the treatment of chronic empyema
Che Zhongyu,Yu Yongtao,Wang Hailong,Zhou Weiguang,Ding Jianlun
Department of Thoracic Surgery,Siping City Central Hospital of Jilin Province 136000
Objective:To explore the effect of visceral layer pleural fibreboard stripping operation in the treatment of chronic empyema.Methods:62 patients with chronic empyema were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group with 31 cases in each.The treatment group was given visceral layer pleural fibreboard stripping operation under general anesthesia, some cases added do pneumonectomy.The control group was given visceral layer and parietal layer pleural fibreboard and desquamation.The surgical treatment effect,postoperative recovery and complications were compared.Results:The treatment group had 1 case of incision infection;the others were cured;the average operation time was 1.5 hours;the blood transfusion was 310 mL; the drainage tube removal time was 3.1 days;the hospitalization time was 12.3 days.In the control group,4 cases of postoperative respiratory failure were given 1 to 3 days mechanical ventilation support;1 case of postoperative combined multiple organ dysfunction was died;4 cases were incision infection;the average operation time was 2.5 hours;the blood transfusion was 630 mL; the drainage tube removal time was 5.3 days;the hospitalization time was 16.7 days.Conclusion:The pleural fibreboard stripping operation in the treatment of chronic empyema has few complications,quick recovery,satisfied curative effect.
Pleural fibreboard stripping operation;Chronic empyema;Complications
10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2015.7.13