程鶴云, 趙幸娟
(鄭州市第一人民醫(yī)院,鄭州 450000)
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非溶栓性急性腦梗死后出血性轉(zhuǎn)化患者血清NSE相關(guān)性分析
程鶴云, 趙幸娟
(鄭州市第一人民醫(yī)院,鄭州 450000)
目的 探討未進(jìn)行溶栓的急性腦梗死患者血漿神經(jīng)烯醇化酶(NSE)水平與出血性轉(zhuǎn)化的相關(guān)性。方法 選擇96例入院時(shí)間<72 h,符合WHO腦梗死診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),且頭部CT排除出血的急性腦梗死患者,發(fā)病7~10 d后復(fù)查MRI梯度回波序列顯示低信號為出血性轉(zhuǎn)化;Elisa法定量檢測血漿NSE水平;并探討其與出血性轉(zhuǎn)化的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果 96例患者中36例出現(xiàn)出血性轉(zhuǎn)化(轉(zhuǎn)化組),其余60例為非轉(zhuǎn)化組,出血性轉(zhuǎn)化腦梗死組神經(jīng)烯醇化酶水平高于非出血性轉(zhuǎn)化組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素的單因素分析顯示房顫、高血壓病史、低密度脂蛋白、NSE均影響出血性轉(zhuǎn)化水平(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回歸分析顯示,血漿神經(jīng)烯醇化酶水平及房顫為出血性轉(zhuǎn)化的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 急性腦梗死患者早期測定神經(jīng)烯醇化酶水平與其出血性轉(zhuǎn)化相關(guān),這可能是出血性轉(zhuǎn)化的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。
神經(jīng)烯醇化酶;急性腦梗死;出血性轉(zhuǎn)化;Logistic回歸模型
出血性轉(zhuǎn)化(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)是急性腦梗死后,由于缺血區(qū)血管重新恢復(fù)血流灌注導(dǎo)致梗死區(qū)域內(nèi)或梗死血管分布區(qū)內(nèi)的繼發(fā)性出血。其中自發(fā)性HT臨床發(fā)病率為10%~40%[1]。根據(jù)CT表現(xiàn)將HT分為出血性梗死(hemorrhagic infarction,HI,指無占位效應(yīng)的出血)和腦血腫形成(parenchymal hematoma,PH,指有占位效應(yīng)的出血)。通過研究其相關(guān)因素,醫(yī)生既可以通過對急性腦梗死患者進(jìn)行篩選,早期對低?;颊哌M(jìn)行溶栓治療,增加治療的安全性,又可以通過研究其可干預(yù)因素,達(dá)到預(yù)防及評估其發(fā)生的目的。神經(jīng)烯醇化酶(neuron-specificenolsae,NSE)作為特異性存在于神經(jīng)細(xì)胞及神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌細(xì)胞中的糖酵解酶,當(dāng)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞損傷時(shí)便可釋放入腦脊液,繼而通過腦梗死后破壞的血腦屏障進(jìn)入血液循環(huán),所以可以作為反映腦梗死后血腦屏障通透性的間接指標(biāo),本研究的目的在于探討神經(jīng)烯醇化酶對于非溶栓性急性腦梗死后出血性轉(zhuǎn)化的預(yù)測作用。
1.1 研究對象 選取2012年8月—2013年8月在鄭州市第一人民醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科住院的急性腦梗死患者96例。男57例,女39例,年齡40~78(67.8±10.6)歲。36例患者出現(xiàn)HT(37.5%),納入轉(zhuǎn)化組。按照ECASSⅡ標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對轉(zhuǎn)化組患者進(jìn)行分型[2],其中HI型28例,PH1型6例,PH2型2例。其余60例患者未發(fā)生出血轉(zhuǎn)化納入非轉(zhuǎn)化組。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合WHO診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的卒中,NIHSS評分>5,入院后行抗血小板聚集、他汀降血脂穩(wěn)定斑塊、改善循環(huán)、抗凝等常規(guī)治療。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):腦CT排除出血;MRA排除腦血管畸形、動(dòng)脈瘤;排除其他系統(tǒng)重大疾??;排除溶栓治療患者。
1.2 方法 記錄患者一般情況:年齡、性別、既往病史(糖尿病、高血壓、心房顫動(dòng))、體溫、血壓、入院NIHSS評分。入院72 h內(nèi)抽血常規(guī)檢測:NSE、PT、活化部分凝血活酶時(shí)間(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)、血糖、血小板、低密度脂蛋白均由該院檢驗(yàn)科協(xié)助完成。完善頭顱CT、MRI及MRA,由該院相關(guān)影像科室協(xié)助完成。所有納入患者于發(fā)病7~10 d后復(fù)查MRI梯度回波序列顯示低信號為出血性轉(zhuǎn)化。
在96例納入研究的未溶栓腦梗死患者中,有36例患者繼發(fā)HT,表1顯示發(fā)生出血性轉(zhuǎn)化組的NSE值高于未發(fā)生出血轉(zhuǎn)化組,其差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)??紤]到性別、年齡、高血壓病史、糖尿病病史、房顫病史、體溫、血小板、PT、APTT、NIHSS評分、血糖、低密度脂蛋白均可能對出血性轉(zhuǎn)化有影響,故對其相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行單因素分析,結(jié)果如表2所示,房顫、高血壓病史、低密度脂蛋白、NSE均影響出血性轉(zhuǎn)化水平,然后將上述4項(xiàng)進(jìn)行多因素Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果見表3,血漿NSE水平及房顫為腦梗死后發(fā)生出血性轉(zhuǎn)化的主要危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。
表1 出血性轉(zhuǎn)化組與未出血性轉(zhuǎn)化組基線危險(xiǎn)因素、臨床特征比較
HT的發(fā)生是由于血管完整性遭到破壞,導(dǎo)致血液成分滲出血管壁、水腫形成,這是出血性轉(zhuǎn)化的主要標(biāo)志。出血性轉(zhuǎn)化的過程和與血管壁完整性破壞相關(guān)聯(lián),其中保持血管壁完整性的兩個(gè)解剖和功能屏障之一就是血腦屏障[3],血腦屏障破壞的程度影響其物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移的難易程度。NSE作為缺血壞死神經(jīng)細(xì)胞釋放的特異性YY型同工酶,會隨著破壞的血腦屏障進(jìn)入血液循環(huán),因此,檢測血漿中NSE的變化間接反映血腦屏障的通透性[4]。
表2 出血性轉(zhuǎn)化相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素的單因素分析±s,n(%)]
注:兩組受試者NSE,年齡,體溫,血小板,PT,APTT,NIHSS評分行t檢驗(yàn),其他計(jì)數(shù)資料均行卡方檢驗(yàn)
表3 出血性轉(zhuǎn)化相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素的Logistic逐步回歸分析 (n=36)
本研究急性腦梗死出血轉(zhuǎn)化組NSE含量顯著高于非出血轉(zhuǎn)化組,NSE水平與腦缺血引起神經(jīng)功能缺損程度、血腦屏障破壞程度密切相關(guān)。根據(jù)對轉(zhuǎn)化組及非轉(zhuǎn)化組的單因素分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)房顫、高血壓病史、低密度脂蛋白、NSE均為發(fā)生HT的危險(xiǎn)因素,而經(jīng)過多元回歸方程行多因素校正后,房顫病史及NSE為HT的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,總體而言,NSE水平在很大程度上與是否發(fā)生出血性轉(zhuǎn)化相關(guān),其含量如果越高,發(fā)生出血性轉(zhuǎn)化的可能性就越大。
綜上所述,出血轉(zhuǎn)化或某亞型患者血漿NSE水平高于無出血轉(zhuǎn)化者;NSE可能是出血轉(zhuǎn)化的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,但已有的研究病例數(shù)較少,上述發(fā)現(xiàn)還需要更多大樣本前瞻性研究予以證實(shí)。
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[責(zé)任編校:柯 莉]
Analysis of Serum NSE Levels in Hemorrhagic Transformation of Acute Cerebral Infarction Without Thrombolysis
CHENG He-yun, ZHAO Xing-juan
(First Peoples’ Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450000, China)
Objective Discuss the correlationg between the levels of serum neuron-specific enolase(NSE) and the risk of hemorrhagic transformation(HT) of acute cerebral without thrombolysis. Method 96 cases whose admission time <72 hours was selected in accordance with the WHO criteria for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction, and head CT ruled out bleeding in patients with acute infarction. After 7 to 10 days after the review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient echo sequence showed low signal for hemorrhagic transformation. The level of NSE was detectioned by Elisa, and we also stuied the correlation between NSE and HT. Results 36 of 96 pations come to hemorrhagic transformation, other 60 pations were no transformaion group. The NSE levels was higher in hemorrhagic transformation group than no transformation group, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). Factors affecting the hemorrhagic transformation included by history of atrial fibrillation, hypertension, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c) and NSE level (P<0.05). Logistic stepwise polynomial regression analisis indicated that serum NSE level and atrial fibrillation were risk factors for hemorrhage transformation. Conclusion Testing the level of NSE was relationship with the risk of HT in actue cerebral infavction patients in the early stage, and this could be the independent risk factor of HT.
neuron-specific enolase; acute cerebral infarction; hemorrhagic transformation; Logisticmodels
2014-06-19
程鶴云(1985-),女,鄭州市人,碩士,住院醫(yī)師,從事神經(jīng)內(nèi)科臨床診斷與治療。
R 743.33
B
1008-9276(2015)03-0273-03