湖南省衡陽(yáng)市第一中學(xué) 宋桂林
高考的單選題側(cè)重考查語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用和應(yīng)變能力,每道題都設(shè)計(jì)成了微型語(yǔ)境,考生應(yīng)仔細(xì)揣摩語(yǔ)境,才能正確選擇得體的語(yǔ)言形式。例如:
_______ ourselves from the physical and mental tensions,we each need deep thought and inner quietness. (2014 湖南,35)
A. Having freed B. Freed
C. To free D. Freeing
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此題,我們應(yīng)抓住題中關(guān)鍵詞we 和選項(xiàng)中free, 初看題意認(rèn)為我們是被解脫出來(lái)而誤選B;細(xì)看題干語(yǔ)境所填詞應(yīng)表目的,做目的狀語(yǔ),應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式,故選C。
所謂意群,就是在句子中根據(jù)句法結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系必須停頓的若干部分。命題者通過(guò)調(diào)整句型、分離固定結(jié)構(gòu)、添加插入語(yǔ)、祈使句帶主語(yǔ)、相似結(jié)構(gòu)混在一起,從而增加理解上的難度。例如:
Do you know any of her friends, with fair hair and blue eyes, she has made there _______ her a lot in her daily life?
A. help B. helped
C. to help D. helping
【解析】將意群劃分為:Do you know / any of her friends / with fair hair and blue eyes / she has made there / _____ her a lot in her daily life. 不難看出with fair hair and blue eyes 和she has made there 應(yīng)是her friends 的后置定語(yǔ),而后一部分我們可以翻譯成“在她的日常生活中幫助她很多的”,也是作為定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾friends 的,所以答案為D。
在題干中添加一些枝節(jié)成分,使句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化,是增加試題難度的手段之一。對(duì)于含復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的長(zhǎng)句或復(fù)合句時(shí),應(yīng)去掉句子的冗余部分,化簡(jiǎn)句子,使題干簡(jiǎn)潔明了,降低判斷的難度。例如:
He has made another discovery, _______ of importance to science.
A. which I think it is B. which I think is
C. I think that is D. of which I think is
【解析】該題若將插入語(yǔ)I think 去掉,則題意更為明確,which 引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定于從句,且關(guān)系代詞which 在從句中作主語(yǔ),故選B。
在特殊疑問(wèn)句、定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句中的疑問(wèn)代詞(副詞),關(guān)系代詞(副詞),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或賓補(bǔ)等考題中,由于句型結(jié)構(gòu)的要求脫離了原位置,而使得理解難度增大,可以用代入或還原法,使答案加以驗(yàn)證。例如:
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out
C. carried out D. to carry out
【解析】答案為C。單取定語(yǔ)從句,將關(guān)系代詞還原為先行詞the plan, 代入從句‘They would like to see the plan _______ the next year.’, 很快便知為see sth done.
為了增強(qiáng)題目靈活性,命題者有時(shí)省略了句子的某一個(gè)成分,從而增加試題的難度。此時(shí),我們首先應(yīng)明確省略的成分,將句子補(bǔ)全,看清其廬山真面目。例如:
His lecture _______, a lively question-and-answer session followed. (2014 江蘇,29)
A. being given B. having given
C. to be given D. having been given
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,a lively question-andanswer session followed 是一個(gè)完整的句子,本題的兩部分之間缺少連詞,所以逗號(hào)前面的不能是句子,只能是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。名詞his lecture 與動(dòng)詞give之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以使用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng),排除B 項(xiàng)。本句的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)His lecture having been given, 補(bǔ)全句子相當(dāng)于After his lecture had been given。故D 正確。
有一些題干運(yùn)用了我們不是很熟悉的結(jié)構(gòu),使得試題分析理解的難度加大,且容易被干擾。但如果我們將題干的句型予以轉(zhuǎn)換,答案就會(huì)顯而易見(jiàn)。例如:
It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do _______ makes life happy. (2014湖南,33)
A. that B. which
C. what D. who
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do,指動(dòng)作(物),故用that,選A。
張小倩.瑞典中學(xué)英語(yǔ)全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試考卷介紹[J].中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究, 2008.