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CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分在冠心病外科治療中的應用

2015-09-15 14:44王潁驊薛松
中國心血管病研究 2015年4期
關(guān)鍵詞:移植術(shù)旁路抗凝

王潁驊 薛松

臨床研究

CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分在冠心病外科治療中的應用

王潁驊 薛松

作者單位:200127 上海市,上海交通大學醫(yī)學院附屬仁濟醫(yī)院心血管外科

目的 評價CHADS22及CHA2DS2-VASc評分系統(tǒng)在冠心病外科治療中的意義。方法 選擇2006年1月至2010年1月行不停跳冠狀動脈旁路移植術(shù)的768例患者,術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫患者97例?;仡櫥颊叩膰g(shù)期及隨訪資料,應用CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分系統(tǒng)進行分析。結(jié)果 768例患者術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫發(fā)生率12.6%,分為術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫組與非房顫組。新發(fā)房顫組與非房顫組平均年齡分別為(70.74±8.21)歲和(65.90±9.83)歲,圍術(shù)期腦卒中分別為8例和9例,CHADS2評分值分別為3.20±1.26和2.13±0.94,CHA2DS2-VASc評分值分別為4.20±1.50和3.23±1.07。CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc評分是術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫的預測因素,與圍術(shù)期腦卒中顯著相關(guān)(P<0.01)。結(jié)論 冠心病外科治療中應用CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分系統(tǒng)可預測術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫及圍術(shù)期腦卒中,對冠心病術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫的抗凝及抗血小板治療決策提供了依據(jù),對卒中風險及預后有一定的評估價值。

CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc評分; 冠狀動脈旁路移植術(shù); 術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫; 腦卒中

房顫和冠心病都是常見病,據(jù)統(tǒng)計,65歲以上人群的房顫發(fā)生率為3%~5%。冠心病外科治療圍術(shù)期常出現(xiàn)房顫和缺血性腦卒中,但是冠狀動脈旁路移植術(shù)后抗凝和抗血小板治療方案仍存在爭議。2010年歐洲公布新房顫指南后,對于非瓣膜性房顫出現(xiàn)了兩個評分系統(tǒng),分別為CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分系統(tǒng)。本研究應用上述兩個評分系統(tǒng)對不停跳冠狀動脈旁路移植的病例進行了回顧性分析,現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 臨床資料 選擇2006年1月至2010年1月上海交通大學醫(yī)學院附屬仁濟醫(yī)院心血管外科收治的768例不停跳冠狀動脈旁路移植手術(shù)患者,其中97例術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫,分為術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫組與非房顫組?;仡櫥颊叩膰g(shù)期資料,應用CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分系統(tǒng)進行分析,一般資料見表1。

表1 術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫組與非房顫組的圍術(shù)期資料比較(±s)

表1 術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫組與非房顫組的圍術(shù)期資料比較(±s)

組別 例數(shù) 男/女 年齡(歲) 糖尿病 高脂血癥 高血壓 術(shù)前腦梗 術(shù)前PCI史 圍術(shù)期腦梗術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫組 97 11/86 70.74±8.21 58 20 91 39 38 8非房顫組 671 328/343 65.90±9.83 486 202 517 88 42 9 P值 <0.01 <0.05 <0.05 NS <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01組別 NYHA心功能分級 搭橋數(shù)量 術(shù)后3 d肌酐(μmol/L)CHA2DS2-VASc評分Ⅰ級 Ⅱ級 Ⅲ級 Ⅳ級CHADS2評分術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫組 7 54 24 12 3.53±0.64 94.12±45.81 3.20±1.26 4.20±1.50非房顫組 315 255 97 4 3.32±0.52 89.66±39.41 2.13±0.94 3.23±1.07 P值 <0.01 NS NS <0.01 <0.01

1.2 方法 將768例患者分為術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫組與非房顫組,回顧患者的圍術(shù)期資料,計算CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc值,進行對照研究。

1.3 統(tǒng)計學方法 應用SPSS 16.0進行統(tǒng)計分析。應用t檢驗、卡方、Logistic多因素回歸分析對計量資料和計數(shù)資料進行分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。

2 結(jié)果

術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫組與非房顫組的CHADS2評分值 分別 為 3.20±1.26 和 2.13±0.94(P<0.01),CHA2DS2-VASc評分值分別為4.20±1.50和3.23±1.07(P<0.01)。多因素分析表明,術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫與CHADS2、CHA2DS2-VASc評分和評分內(nèi)重要評分指標均顯著相關(guān),如表2所示。術(shù)前腦?;颊叩腃HADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分均值明顯高于無術(shù)前腦?;颊撸≒<0.01),見圖1。圍術(shù)期腦?;颊叩腃HADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分均值也顯著高于無圍術(shù)期腦梗患者(P<0.01),見圖2。

表2 術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫的多因素回歸分析

圖1 術(shù)前腦梗與CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分的比較

3 討論

中國冠心病及房顫的發(fā)病率逐年上升,超過65歲的人群中有3%~5%發(fā)生房顫。房顫不僅影響心臟有效射血量,也是血栓栓塞尤其是腦卒中的重要原因。80%的中風源于房顫后心臟血栓,抗凝治療可以使房顫后發(fā)生卒中的風險降低64%[1],因此有效抗凝預防血栓栓塞越來越受到重視。

圖2 圍術(shù)期腦卒中與CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分的比較

術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫是一種常見的心臟術(shù)后并發(fā)癥,在冠狀動脈搭橋術(shù)后的發(fā)生率為11%~40%,是心臟術(shù)后總死亡率及晚期死亡率的獨立相關(guān)因素[2-8]。有報道,心臟術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫與心臟基礎(chǔ)疾患、心肌保護不良、年齡、左房重構(gòu)、代謝綜合征、自主神經(jīng)及內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)改變、炎癥反應和氧化應激相關(guān)[9]。術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫是影響冠狀動脈搭橋術(shù)后精神及體力的獨立因素,不但與近期并發(fā)癥相關(guān),而且是影響術(shù)后長期生存的負性因素[2,7,10,11]。由于新發(fā)房顫及腦卒中對冠狀動脈旁路移植術(shù)后功能恢復及預后有重大影響,因此,早期發(fā)現(xiàn)房顫及腦卒中高危人群,早期預測圍術(shù)期腦卒中的風險,嚴格執(zhí)行推薦的抗凝指導策略,對降低圍術(shù)期腦卒中,降低冠狀動脈旁路移植術(shù)后死亡率有極其重要的作用。

鑒于房顫的華法林抗凝治療的出血風險,冠狀動脈旁路移植術(shù)后合并房顫的抗凝及抗血小板聚集治療方案選擇一直存在爭議。CHADS2和CHA2DS2-VASc評分是歐洲心臟病學會及2012房顫指南推薦的評估非瓣膜性房顫卒中風險及指導抗凝策略的評分系統(tǒng),使用CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分能夠預測心臟術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫及腦卒中,對高?;颊叩呐卸ǚ浅蚀_[12]。CHADS2評分系統(tǒng)包含5項評分標準:充血性心力衰竭、高血壓、年齡≥75歲、糖尿病、中風或短暫腦缺血發(fā)作(TIA),<2分為低危人群需要阿司匹林抗凝,≥2分為中高危人群需要華法林抗凝控制INR(國際標準比值)至2~3。CHA2DS2-VASc評分標準較CHADS2評分增加了3個項目,分別為性別、年齡<60歲和外周血管疾病。CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分系統(tǒng)均為預測非瓣膜性房顫患者腦卒中風險的體系,但其評價意義不同。CHADS2評分系統(tǒng)注重于非瓣膜性房顫卒中風險的高危人群,而CHA2DS2-VASc評分系統(tǒng)對篩選低危人群更敏感[13]。CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分可以預測非瓣膜性房顫的中風風險和中長期預后;能夠評估急性冠脈綜合征后新發(fā)房顫及死亡、心梗、中風等不良并發(fā)癥的風險,生存曲線表明,≥2分的相關(guān)并發(fā)癥明顯增多;還能預測無房顫冠心病的潛在房顫和中風風險,對指導圍術(shù)期胺碘酮、β受體抑制劑、他汀類藥物干預房顫有意義,能夠使高危人群獲益[14-19]。有報道,CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分與房顫患者的左房重構(gòu)、慢性充血性心衰、高炎癥反應明顯相關(guān)[20-22]。此外,上述結(jié)果與BNP(心房尿鈉肽)預測房顫患者心血管事件結(jié)果相一致,因而,可以評估長期預后[23]。大量文獻及薈萃分析表明,CHADS2評分是評價高危人群指導抗凝的有效評價標準,而CHA2DS2-VASc評分在評估低危人群的中風風險中較CHADS2評分更具有優(yōu)勢,CHADS2評分≥2分需要正規(guī)華法林抗凝治療[24-28]。

本研究對行不停跳冠狀動脈旁路移植的患者進行了CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫患者的術(shù)前CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分值明顯高于無房顫患者,且術(shù)前腦梗及圍術(shù)期腦?;颊咴u分均值明顯高于非腦梗患者(P<0.01),提示 CHADS2和 CHA2DS2-VASc評分系統(tǒng)能夠有效預測術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫及腦卒中,指導圍術(shù)期抗凝及抗血小板治療,減少冠狀動脈旁路移植術(shù)后房顫引起的并發(fā)癥。

綜上所述,CHADS2及CHA2DS2-VASc評分系統(tǒng)能夠預測術(shù)后新發(fā)房顫,對早期發(fā)現(xiàn)圍術(shù)期腦卒中高危人群、指導抗凝及抗血小板治療策略、降低圍術(shù)期腦卒中、降低冠狀動脈搭橋術(shù)后死亡率、提高遠期生存率和生活質(zhì)量有重要意義。

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The application of CHADS2and CHA2DS2-VASc score in coronary artery bypass surgery

The application of CHADS2and CHA2DS2-VASc score in coronary artery bypass surgery

WANG Ying-hua,XUE Song.Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,Renji Hospital,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200127,China

XUE Song,E-mail:xuesong64@163.com

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to evaluate CHADS2and CHA2DS2-VASc score in coronary artery bypass surgery.MethodsClinical records of 768 patients who underwent off pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were analyzed retrospectively.CHADS2and CHA2DS2-VASc score have been used in the analysis.ResultsThe patients were divided into two groups:postoperative atrial fibrillation group and non-atrial fibrillation group.The incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was 12.6%.The average age was (70.74±8.21)years old and (65.90±9.83)years old,the number of postoperative stroke was 8 and 9,CHADS2score was 3.20±1.26 and 2.13±0.94,CHA2DS2-VASc score was 4.20±1.50 and 3.23±1.07 respectively.CHADS2and CHA2DS2-VASc scoring were predictors of postoperative atrial fibrillation and were closely associated with perioperaive stroke(P<0.01).ConclusionOur results suggest that CHADS2and CHA2DS2-VASc score are highly reliable in the prediction of postoperative atrial fibrillation as well as perioperative stroke.Therefore,the scoring system is valuable in anticoagulation and antiplatelet management and prophylactic consideration in coronary artery bypass surgery for atrial fibrillation and stroke.Hence,CHADS2and CHA2DS2-VASc score system is applicable in clinical practice of coronary artery bypass surgery.

CHADS2and CHA2DS2-VASc score; Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery; Postoperative atrial fibrillation;Stroke

薛松,E-mail:xuesong64@163.com

10.3969/j.issn.1672-5301.2015.04.007

R654.2

A

1672-5301(2015)04-0316-04

2015-01-19)

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