一、重點(diǎn)詞匯

1. random

課文原句：These flags are more than just pieces of cloth sewn together at random with thread. （P34， L1）

點(diǎn)撥：① random是形容詞，意為“隨機(jī)的，任意的”，常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)at random， 意為“隨機(jī)，隨意”。

He was not listening and made a random answer to the teachers question.

The girl opened a book at random and started reading.

② more than 在句中意為“不僅僅是”，還可表示“超過(guò)，多于；非常，十分”。

Animals hibernation is more than sleep.

More than 20 students have failed the exam.

We were more than happy to hear of your success.

拓展：

more than + sb. could do 超出某人的能力范圍

not more than... 至多，不超過(guò)

no more than... 僅僅，只是

more... than... 與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)……

The job is more than I could do myself.

She is more a friend than a teacher to me.

2. fundamental

課文原句：The French revolution led to fundamental changes throughout the country. （P34， L6）

點(diǎn)撥：fundamental 在句中作形容詞，意為“十分重大的；根本的；基礎(chǔ)的”。

The fundamental cause of his success is his diligence.

它本身也可以作名詞，意為“基本原則，根本法則”。

I have learned the fundamentals of cooking this summer.

3. abolish

課文原句：Many of the past ways were abolished， and the people won liberation. （P34， L8）

點(diǎn)撥：abolish 在句中作動(dòng)詞，意為“廢除，廢止（法律、制度、習(xí)俗等）”。

Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States.

Some old and bad customs ought to be abolished.

4. salute

課文原句：In salute to the French and their revolution， many countries have chosen to use the same colors on their flags as the French did. （P34， L15）

點(diǎn)撥：salute在句中作名詞，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，意為“向……敬禮，致敬”。它還可作動(dòng)詞用，意為“致敬，表示敬意”。

We salute the flag every Monday at school.

Beijing people salute foreign guests and friends all over the world.

5. rate

課文原句：However， after the French and Indian War， the British raised the tax rates in America to a high level in order to pay for the conflict. （P34， L23）

點(diǎn)撥：① rate在句中作名詞，意為“比率”，它還可表示“速度；等級(jí)”。

The unemployment rate is rising in China in recent years.

Cars are limited to the rate of 60 miles an hour in the downtown.

My parents tried their best to give me a firstrate education.

② rate作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，意為“評(píng)估；劃分等級(jí)”。

How do you rate your chances of passing the final exam？

Our school doesnt rate four stars at all.

6. object

課文原句：When the Americans objected to this， the British would not compromise， but increased control over their colonies instead； taking away many of their rights， and stationing soldiers there in order to make sure that the Americans would obey them. （P34， L24）

點(diǎn)撥：object 在句中作動(dòng)詞，意為“口頭表示反對(duì)（或不同意） （oppose；disagree）”，它也可用作名詞，表示（可見或可觸摸的）物體，東西（thing）。

① Do you object to working on Sundays？

② They objected that he was too careless to take up this job.

③ I object being repeatedly dropped on this way.

A. in； on B. to； in

C. in； to D. on； in

答案：B

歸納：

object to sb. / sth. 反對(duì)，不贊成某人 / 某事，to為介詞

object to sb. doing sth. 反對(duì)某人做某事

be for... / against... 支持 / 反對(duì)……

易錯(cuò)提示

object用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后不可直接接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，可接賓語(yǔ)從句，表示“提出反對(duì)……的理由”；用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面須接介詞to，表示“不贊成、反對(duì)的具體內(nèi)容或?qū)ο蟆?，介詞后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，注意不要想當(dāng)然地使用object sb. to do sth.

7. compromise

課文原句：When the Americans objected to this， the British would not compromise， but increased control over their colonies instead， taking away many of their rights， and stationing soldiers there in order to make sure that the Americans would obey them. （P34， L24）

點(diǎn)撥：compromise 在句中作動(dòng)詞，意為“妥協(xié)，讓步”，它也可作名詞，意為“妥協(xié)，折中，和解 （agreement）；v. 妥協(xié)，折中，讓步 （give in）”。

歸納拓展

reach / arrive at / come to a compromise on... 就……達(dá)成妥協(xié)

make a compromise / compromises with作出讓步，與……妥協(xié)

compromise with sb. on / over / about sth.與某人就某事和解

compromise between... and... 在……和……之間妥協(xié)

Unless a compromise is reached， there will be a strike.

除非能達(dá)成妥協(xié)，否則將有一場(chǎng)罷工。

They were unwilling to compromise with the military.

他們不愿與軍方妥協(xié)。

8. submit

課文原句：On 4 July 1776， they declared that they would no longer submit to British rules. （P35， L29）

點(diǎn)撥：submit在句中作動(dòng)詞，表示服從 （give in），還可表示主張（say or suggest）；呈遞；提交。

① After that，he submit an application to the manager.

② At no time shall we submit to their threats.

歸納拓展

submit an application to... 向……提交申請(qǐng)

submit （oneself） to sb. / sth. 順從﹑服從某人或某事

submit that... （正式）認(rèn)為，建議……

9. date back to=date from

課文原句：The flag， which is made up of a red band over a white one， is based on a national flag dating back to the 13th century， which had nine red and white stripes. （P35， L39）

點(diǎn)撥：date back to / date from 通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，用其ing 形式。

① The history of humanity may date back to the Ice Age.

② Most of the Great Wall dates from the Ming Dynasty.

拓展：

out of date 過(guò)時(shí)的，不流行的

up to date 現(xiàn)代的，時(shí)興的

10. substitute n. 代用品；代替者；v. 替代（take the place of； replace）

歸納：

substitute for 代替，取代

substitute A for B=substitute B with A 用A代替B

replace B with A 用A替換B

exchange A for B 用A替換/兌換B

be no substitute for sth.

There is no substitute for sth.

① Owing to the high insurance costs， the original painting has been substituted with a copy.

② There is no substitute for experience.

③ Nothing can substitute for the love your parents give you.

④ He substituted honey for sugar.

⑤ Washing the food down with water as a substitute chewing is not a good habit.

A. of B. for

C. to D. from

答案：B

11. bound adj. 一定會(huì)；受……的約束而必須做某事；準(zhǔn)備前往（某地）

① The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.

明天天氣一定會(huì)變好。

② He is too bound up in his own worries to be able to help us.

他忙于解決自己的那些煩心事，無(wú)法幫助我們。

③ Is the bus bound for church station？

這輛公交車途經(jīng)教堂站嗎？

歸納拓展

be bound to do... 一定會(huì)……，肯定會(huì)……；有責(zé)任或義務(wù)做……

be bound to sth. 被束縛于某物；被綁在某物上

be bound up in sth. 熱心于某事；忙于某事

be bound up with sth. 與某事物密切相關(guān)

12. refer to 提到，參考，查閱，求助于

課文原句：However， people in western countries also associate green with envy， or to refer to someone with little experience.

點(diǎn)撥：① Please refer to the references for details.

② She referred to the subject several times during her speech.

③ It was foolish of him to his notes during such an important test， and as a result， he got punished.

A. point to B. keep to

C. stick to D. refer to

答案：D

二、重點(diǎn)句型

13. Therefore，the next time you choose your clothes，you should think more carefully about what colors to wear.

因此，下一次選服裝時(shí)，你應(yīng)仔細(xì)考慮穿什么顏色。

點(diǎn)撥：① 名詞短語(yǔ)the next time 在句中作連詞用，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

The next time you come， do remember to bring your daughter here.

② the first time， the last time， every time，each time等都可作連詞用。

Each time you are in trouble， dont hesitate to come to me.

③ the moment （minute， instant）等也可作連詞用，意為“一……就……”；而副詞作連詞的有immediately， instantly， directly等。

The moment I heard the song，I felt sad.

14. Yellow shows courage in Japan and peace in India， but， in western cultures， if someone is said to be yellow， it means he or she is easily frightened.

黃色在日本代表勇氣，在印度代表和平，但在西方文化中，如果說(shuō)某人是黃色的，意思是這個(gè)人膽小。

點(diǎn)撥：be said to 據(jù)說(shuō)，可與句型 its said that sb....轉(zhuǎn)換。

① She is said to work as a teacher. = It is said that she works as a teacher.

② The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.

③ The boy is said to be playing basketball on the playground.

④ —Is he said his car lost？

—Yes. He was so foolish leave his car .

A. that； that； unlocked

B. to have had； as to； unlocked

C. to have； for him to； unlocked

D. to have； to； unlocked

答案：B。

Module 9 Unit 4

一、重點(diǎn)詞匯

1. straightforward

課文原句：An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning is not straightforward，because it often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of its separate words. （P50， L1） 習(xí)語(yǔ)是由一組詞或詞組組成的，其意義不容易懂，因?yàn)閮H看單獨(dú)單詞的意義是無(wú)法理解的。

拓展：理解下列句中straightforward的意思。

The question seemed straightforward enough.（容易的）

She is a straightforward and kind girl.（率真的）

We will take a straightforward route to the downtown.（筆直的）

As a teacher， my responsibility is straightforward.（明確的）

2. in other words 換句話說(shuō)

課文原句：In other words， its meaning can be very different from the apparent meaning of its components. （P50，L3） 換言之，它的含義與其組成單詞的字面意思可能完全不同。

拓展：

in a word 總之

break ones word 食言

keep ones word 守信

pick ones words 斟字酌句

word came that 有消息傳來(lái)

have a word with sb. 與某人談話

have words with sb. 與某人吵架

3. vague adj. 不明確的，含糊的，模糊的

課文原句：However， many idioms have either lost their original meanings or have only a vague or loose connection with them now. （P50，L12） 然而，今天許多習(xí)語(yǔ)原意蕩然無(wú)存，或者只與原意有含糊或者松散的聯(lián)系。

點(diǎn)撥：a vague idea / feeling / shape 一種模棱兩可的想法，感覺，輪廓

be vague about 對(duì)……模糊不清

Your answer to my question was too vague to help me solve my problem.

4. by and by

課文原句：For example， “by and by” now means “before long”， but in the Bible it was used to mean “immediately”. （P50，L13）

Once you practise spoken English every day， by and by you will feel that it comes so easy.

拓展：

by and large 大體上，總的來(lái)說(shuō)

by far 迄今為止；非常

by the way 順便問(wèn)一下

by chance 偶然，碰巧

by turns 輪流；交替

by all means 一定，務(wù)必；當(dāng)然

before long=shortly afterwards 不久之后

long before 很久以前

5. strike

課文原句：In the dream， a stone flew at the statue and struck it on the feet. （P50， L31）

點(diǎn)撥：strike 作為動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式struck，過(guò)去分詞struck / stricken可表示：打，擊，撞 （hit）；侵襲 （attack）；給 （某人以……）印象（impress）；（時(shí)鐘） 敲，響，報(bào)時(shí) （show the time）；擦，劃 （火柴）（rub）。

（1） The visitors were struck by the beauty of the CN Tower. 給（某人）留下印象

（2） Strike while the iron is hot. 敲打

（3） They predict that a destructive earthquake will strike this area before the end of the century. 襲擊，侵襲

（4） When the clock strikes six，the children go home for dinner. 敲，響，報(bào)時(shí)

（5） He struck a match to light an cigarette. 擦，劃

拓展

strike sb.+adj.突然襲擊使（某人）處于（某種狀態(tài)）

It strikes sb. that...

=It occurs to sb. that... （某人）突然想到……

be on strike在罷工

易混辨析：hit，beat，strike，knock

hit指“打中、襲擊或有目的地對(duì)準(zhǔn)……來(lái)打”。

beat著重指“連續(xù)地打擊”，有毆打、擊敗之意；也指在游戲、競(jìng)賽或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中擊敗對(duì)方；也指“心跳”。

strike通常指一下一下地打或敲擊；留下印記等；還有“打動(dòng)；使……著迷；某種想法突然閃現(xiàn)在腦海里”的含義；也可指“（鐘） 敲響”。

knock指敲打并伴有響聲，它還有“打倒，打翻”的意思，常與at、on連用。

用hit，beat，strike，knock的適當(dāng)形式填空

（1） The Iraq army was .

（2） Someone is at the door.

（3） A good idea suddenly him.

（4） One of the stones him on the head.

答案：（1） beaten （2） knocking （3） struck （4） hit

6. burden n.（義務(wù)、責(zé)任等的）重?fù)?dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)（duty；responsibility）；v. （使） 擔(dān)負(fù) （沉重或艱難的任務(wù)、職責(zé)等） （give sb. a duty， responsibility etc.）

歸納

（bear / carry / ease / reduce / share the burden 承受/擔(dān)負(fù)/減輕/減少/分擔(dān)重?fù)?dān)

be / become a burden to sb. 成為某人的負(fù)擔(dān)

burden sb. / oneself with sth. 使某人/自己負(fù)擔(dān)某事

be burdened with負(fù)載著，背負(fù)著

① Parents always dont want to be / become a burden to their children when they are old.

父母?jìng)兌疾幌朐谀昀系臅r(shí)候成為孩子們的累贅。

② She got off the bus，burdened with two heavy suitcases.

她提著兩只沉重的手提箱下了公共汽車。

③ We should bear / carry the burden of caring for the old.

我們應(yīng)該承擔(dān)照顧老人的重?fù)?dān)。

7. catch on 卡住，絆??；學(xué)會(huì)，理解，明白（understand）；變得流行（become popular or fashionable）

（1） The little boy caught his foot on the threshold and cried.

You will catch on to the job once you begin to do it.

It was a popular style in Britain but it never really caught on in America.

（2） 用關(guān)于catch的詞組填空

① My boyfriend my sleeve and pulled me back.

② Once （smoke） in the kitchen， the cook will be fired.

③ I suddenly a famous actor in the crowd.

④ We a traffic jam on the way here.

⑤ You go ahead.Ill you .

⑥ this rope， and we will pull you up.

答案：① caught hold of ② caught smoking

③ caught sight of ④ got caught in ⑤ catch， up

⑥ Catch at

歸納拓展

catch hold of 抓住；擁有

catch sight of 瞧見；看見

be caught in 遭遇上

catch up with sb. 追上/趕上某人

catch sb. doing sth. 當(dāng)場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事

catch at 試圖抓住

8. count on 依靠，依賴

課文原句：The proverb “dont count your chickens until they are hatched” means “dont count something going well until it happens”.

諺語(yǔ)“蛋尚未孵出，勿先數(shù)雞”意思為“別高興得太早”。

And this time developers cannot count on credit to tide them over.

而這一次開發(fā)商無(wú)法指望用信貸來(lái)渡過(guò)難關(guān)。

For this job， my lack of experience may count against me.

缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)可能對(duì)我申請(qǐng)這份工作不利。

I hear you are going shopping this weekend. Count me in！

我聽說(shuō)你們這周末去逛街。帶上我吧。

9. deliver v. 運(yùn)送，分送；發(fā)表（演講）；移交，交出；履行，兌換（諾言）

課文原句：Ask student 2 about the different names for Father Christmas in different countries， and also about when this person is supposed to deliver presents in each country.

問(wèn)一下第二個(gè)同學(xué)圣誕老人在不同國(guó)家的名稱，并且問(wèn)一下每個(gè)國(guó)家圣誕老人是何時(shí)派發(fā)禮物的。

They plan to deliver more food to the poor. （運(yùn)送，分送）

The principal will deliver a speech about this school in the following 50 years.（發(fā)表演講）

They delivered the thief over to the police. （移交，交出）

The president promised a $50 rebate for each taxpayer but failed to deliver it.（兌換諾言）

10. as such

課文原句：The White Horse Temple is important to Chinese people and history，and as such，it is one of the first historic buildings that the government listed to receive special state protection.

對(duì)于中國(guó)人民和中國(guó)歷史來(lái)說(shuō)，白馬寺具有重要意義，正因?yàn)槿绱?，它被政府列為首批受?guó)家重點(diǎn)保護(hù)的歷史建筑。

點(diǎn)撥：as such

① 表示“按照某詞通用的詞義，根據(jù)某詞嚴(yán)格的詞義”。

It is not an agreement as such， but it will have virtually the same effect as one.

它算不上是一份協(xié)議，但實(shí)際上起到了協(xié)定的作用。

② 表示“就本身而論”。

Money， as such， does not bring people happiness.

金錢本身并不能給人們帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。

③ 表示“以某種身份或資格”。

He is the donator of the money， but he does not desire to be known as such.

辨析：such as意思為“比如”，用來(lái)列舉同類的例子，相當(dāng)于like， for example。

Girls like many flowers， such as roses， sunflowers.

Such... as... 表示“像這樣的”，其中as用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

He is not such a fool as looks.

二、重點(diǎn)句型

1. An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning is not straightforward，because it often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of its separate words. （P50， L1）

點(diǎn)撥：whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

歸納

（1） 句中whose是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物，既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

（2） whose短語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)可作介詞賓語(yǔ)，即構(gòu)成“介詞+whose+名詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

Jack， whose legs were badly hurt，was sent to the nearest hospital immediately.

I have a house， whose window / of which the window / the window of which faces south.

He is the father of whose son we are always proud.

（3） 代詞（most， both， all， neither， either， none等）+ of +which / whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法。

I have many dictionaries， none of which are practical.

The Bible was first written in Hebrew and Greek， both of which use many idioms.

2. It was the White Horse Temple that first brought the meaning of “temple” to the word “si”.

點(diǎn)撥：這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是 the White Horse Temple，還原成正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋簍he White Horse Temple first brought the meaning of “temple” to the word “si”.

① 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)為：it is / was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 其他成分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分可以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。

I met Tom at the railway station yesterday.

It was I that / who met Tom at the railway station yesterday.

It was Tom that I met at the railway station yesterday.

It was at the railway station that I met Tom yesterday.

It was yesterday that I met Tom at the railway station.

② 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句需把is / was提前。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句式為：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is / was + it + 其他成分。

When and where was it that you met Tom？

③ not... until...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

句型為：it is / was not until +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分

It was not until my husband came back home that I went to bed.

④ 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)用助動(dòng)詞do， does， did.

Do be careful when you cross the road.

I did love you before.

（作者：王瑩茹，江蘇省如皋中學(xué)）