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骨髓基質(zhì)細(xì)胞HS-5對(duì)HL-60細(xì)胞凋亡的影響

2015-12-25 01:51:06楊紅霞孟騰騰管東方吳廣勝農(nóng)衛(wèi)霞魏虹
關(guān)鍵詞:離心管共培養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)液

楊紅霞 ,孟騰騰 ,管東方 ,吳廣勝 ,農(nóng)衛(wèi)霞 ,魏虹

(1石河子大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院組織胚胎學(xué)教研室,石河子 832002;2石河子大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院血液風(fēng)濕科,石河子 832002)

白血病是起源于造血系統(tǒng)的惡性腫瘤,不僅有造血細(xì)胞的惡變,骨髓造血微環(huán)境也出現(xiàn)了異常。骨髓基質(zhì)細(xì)胞 (bone marrow stromal cells,BMSCs)是造血微環(huán)境的主要成分,通過(guò)分泌細(xì)胞因子和直接粘附,對(duì)正常造血具有調(diào)控作用,它也是支持和調(diào)節(jié)造血干細(xì)胞定居、增殖、分化、發(fā)育和成熟的內(nèi)環(huán)境[1]。近年來(lái)隨著對(duì)白血病研究的不斷深入,發(fā)現(xiàn)骨髓基質(zhì)細(xì)胞在白血病細(xì)胞惡性克隆的選擇、增殖、分化、遷移和凋亡中起重要作用[2]。目前對(duì)白血病的體外研究多來(lái)模擬體內(nèi)微環(huán)境,本研究以人骨髓基質(zhì)細(xì)胞系HS-5(Human stranal Cell-5)與急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)(M3)細(xì)胞系 HL-60共培養(yǎng)來(lái)模擬體內(nèi)造血微環(huán)境,初步探討基質(zhì)細(xì)胞對(duì)白血病細(xì)胞凋亡的影響,為進(jìn)一步研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。

1 材料與方法

1.1 材料與主要試劑

HS-5購(gòu)買(mǎi)于上海拜力生物科技有限公司;HL-60購(gòu)買(mǎi)于上??瓢厣锟萍加邢薰荆桓咛荄MEM培養(yǎng)液、胎牛血清購(gòu)買(mǎi)于Hyclone公司;PBS平衡緩沖液購(gòu)買(mǎi)于上海生工公司;二甲基亞酚(DMSO)購(gòu)買(mǎi)于美國(guó)Sigma公司;胰酶、雙抗購(gòu)買(mǎi)于Solarbio公司;AnnexinV-FITC/PI購(gòu)買(mǎi)于上海貝博公司;RNA提取試劑(Trizol)、逆轉(zhuǎn)錄體系、PCR體系購(gòu)買(mǎi)于美國(guó) Invitrogen公司;Bcl-2、Bcl-xl引物由上海生物工程股份有限公司合成。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 HS-5、HL-60細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)

HS-5細(xì)胞采用高糖DMEM培養(yǎng)液加10%的胎牛血清,置于37℃ 5%CO2飽和濕度的培養(yǎng)箱中進(jìn)行培養(yǎng),2 d換液一次,當(dāng)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)密度>80%時(shí)(4-5 d)用胰酶消化傳代。HL-60細(xì)胞采用RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)液加10%的胎牛血清,置于37℃5%CO2飽和濕度的培養(yǎng)箱中進(jìn)行培養(yǎng),每2 d用新的完全培養(yǎng)液稀釋培養(yǎng),7 d全量換液。

1.2.2 共培養(yǎng)體系的建立

當(dāng)HS-5細(xì)胞達(dá)80%-90%融合時(shí)用PBS沖洗以去除死細(xì)胞,用0.25%的胰蛋白酶(含0.02%EDTA)消化,計(jì)數(shù)后按1×105/mL的密度,每孔 2 mL接種于6孔板,培養(yǎng)24 h,大多數(shù)基質(zhì)細(xì)胞貼壁、舒展形成單層。此時(shí)去除懸浮未貼壁細(xì)胞,按1×106/mL密度2 mL接種對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的HL-60細(xì)胞于HS-5細(xì)胞層上,共培養(yǎng) 24、48、72 h,同時(shí)設(shè)單獨(dú)懸浮培養(yǎng)的HL-60細(xì)胞為對(duì)照組。本實(shí)驗(yàn)每個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組各設(shè)三孔。

1.2.3 AnnexinV-FITC/PI雙染流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組HL-60細(xì)胞的早期凋亡率

把培養(yǎng)板孔中HL-60細(xì)胞輕吹后轉(zhuǎn)入10 mL離心管中(共培養(yǎng)組中粘附的 HL-60細(xì)胞每視野大于10個(gè)時(shí),用 PBS沖洗輕微吹打后細(xì)胞懸液轉(zhuǎn)入離心管)離心,1000 r/min,5 min,傾去上清,用預(yù)冷的PBS 5 mL洗滌細(xì)胞,1000 r/min,5 min兩次,吸棄上清,按試劑盒說(shuō)明,用1×AnnexinV結(jié)合緩沖液400μL重懸細(xì)胞,加入AnnexinV-FITC 5μL染色液輕輕混勻后于4℃避光條件下孵育15 min;加入10μL PI染液輕輕混勻后于4℃避光條件下孵育 10 min,2 h內(nèi)用流式細(xì)胞儀進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。Annexin V+PI-判斷為早期凋亡細(xì)胞。

1.2.4 瑞氏染色HL-60細(xì)胞

收集實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組的 HL-60細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)入10 mL離心管(共培養(yǎng)組中粘附的 HL-60細(xì)胞每視野大于10個(gè)時(shí),用 PBS沖洗輕微吹打后細(xì)胞懸液轉(zhuǎn)入離心管)離心,1000 r/min,5 min,用槍吸去上清。加 PBS 5 mL混懸后離心1000 r/min,5 min,吸棄上清,用1 mL PBS稀釋細(xì)胞沉淀,吹勻,吸10μL的細(xì)胞懸液滴在已擦拭干凈的載玻片上,用另一載玻片將細(xì)胞液滴推片為薄薄的一層,靜置,干燥后再滴加1 mL的瑞氏染液,搖晃使其全部覆蓋細(xì)胞涂層,染色5 min,加1 mL的 PBS稀釋染液,再染5 min,見(jiàn)細(xì)胞涂片干燥后用自來(lái)水細(xì)流緩慢漂洗,去除多余的染料,而后等待涂片干燥后鏡下觀察細(xì)胞形態(tài)變化。

1.2.5 RT-PCR檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組HL-60細(xì)胞Bcl-2和Bcl-xl的表達(dá)

RT-PCR法檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組48 h的HL-60細(xì)胞 Bcl-2、Bcl-xl和 GAPDH的表達(dá)。按照 Trizol試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)提取總RNA,將mRNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行Bcl-2、Bcl-xl及內(nèi)參GAPDH基因擴(kuò)增,擴(kuò)增條件見(jiàn)(表1)。擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物經(jīng)2%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳后凝膠成像系統(tǒng)拍照,照片用Image J進(jìn)行 mRNA表達(dá)分析和灰度掃描。

表1 RT-PCR基因信息匯總Tab.1 Summary of gene inform ation for RT-PCR

1.2.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

所有數(shù)據(jù)用 SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包進(jìn)行分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(X±S)表示,兩組間均數(shù)采用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 HS-5細(xì)胞與HL-60細(xì)胞共培養(yǎng)

HS-5細(xì)胞接種24 h后接種HL-60細(xì)胞,剛接種時(shí) HS-5貼壁,HL-60細(xì)胞懸浮(圖 1a),經(jīng)過(guò) 48 h的共培養(yǎng),見(jiàn)一個(gè)HS-5細(xì)胞上有一個(gè)或數(shù)個(gè)HL-60細(xì)胞粘附,主要集中在HS-5細(xì)胞的胞體部位,同時(shí)也有HL-60細(xì)胞嵌入了HS-5細(xì)胞之間,HS-5細(xì)胞也變得殘缺(圖1b)。

圖1 HL-60細(xì)胞與HS-5細(xì)胞共培養(yǎng)Fig.1 Co-culture of HS-5 cells and HL-60 cells

2.2 AnnexinV-FITC/PI雙染流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組HL-60細(xì)胞的早期凋亡率

AnnexinV-FITC/PI雙染流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)HL-60細(xì)胞的早期凋亡率,在24、48、72 h實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組各三管的檢測(cè)結(jié)果如圖2所示。

圖2 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組HL-60細(xì)胞的早期凋亡率Fig.2 Detect the early apoptosis rates of experiment and control groups of HL-60 cells by flow cytometry

增殖減少,認(rèn)為基質(zhì)細(xì)胞保護(hù)白血病細(xì)胞存活僅由抑制凋亡實(shí)現(xiàn),歸因于MS-5(mouse stromal cell-5)不分泌 IL-6[14],而 HS-5分泌 IL-6,IL-6可促進(jìn)造血細(xì)胞的增殖,也可增強(qiáng)HS-5的增殖。這與本實(shí)驗(yàn)中HS-5對(duì)HL-60有抑制凋亡的作用結(jié)果一致。

原代AML細(xì)胞在體外有很高的自發(fā)凋亡率,似乎是通過(guò)PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路介導(dǎo)并導(dǎo)致抗凋亡基因bcl-2表達(dá)的上調(diào)[15]。bcl-2基因的表達(dá)在共培養(yǎng)3d后比對(duì)照組凋亡減少,基質(zhì)細(xì)胞可抑制白血病細(xì)胞的自發(fā)凋亡[16]。Van Stijn A等[17]的研究顯示CD34+AML較CD34-AML對(duì)凋亡更耐受,此時(shí)耐受細(xì)胞bcl-2、bcl-xl表達(dá)增高、bax表達(dá)降低,與本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果一致,即基質(zhì)細(xì)胞保護(hù)白血病細(xì)胞凋亡的同時(shí)有bcl-2、bcl-xl基因的表達(dá)上調(diào)。

既往體外研究基質(zhì)細(xì)胞對(duì)白血病細(xì)胞的作用都涉及接觸與非接觸培養(yǎng)及細(xì)胞因子的作用,接觸培養(yǎng)較單獨(dú)培養(yǎng)的白血病細(xì)胞凋亡減少,但共培養(yǎng)時(shí)培養(yǎng)瓶?jī)?nèi)細(xì)胞比例、細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)快慢及培養(yǎng)環(huán)境隨時(shí)間的變化都與人體內(nèi)存在著差異,白血病細(xì)胞是否會(huì)在體內(nèi)與基質(zhì)細(xì)胞接觸更緊密從而使白血病細(xì)胞凋亡更少,接觸后基質(zhì)細(xì)胞與白血病細(xì)胞分泌的細(xì)胞因子可能都會(huì)有一定變化,最終導(dǎo)致白血病細(xì)胞凋亡減少的確切機(jī)制還有待進(jìn)一步研究。

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[5]Gibson L F.Survival of B lineage leukemic cells:signals from the bone marrow microenvironment[J].Leuk Lymphoma,2002,43(2):19-27.

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[7]Matsunaga T,Takemoto N,Sato T,et al.Interaction between leukemic cell VLA-4 and stromal fibronectin is a decisive factor for minimal residual disease of acute myelogenous leukemia[J].Nat Med,2003,9(9):1158-1165.

[8]ParaguassúBraga F H,Borojevic R,Bouzas L F,et al.Bone marrow stroma inhibit proliferation and apoptosis in leukemic cells through gap junction mediated cell communication[J].Cell Death Differ,2003,10(9):1101-1108.

[9]Ramasamy R,Lam E W,Soeiro I,et al.Mesenchymal stem cell inhibits proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells:impact on in vivo tumor growth[J].Leukemia,2007,21(2):304-310.

[10]Lin Y M,Bu L M,Yang S J,et al.Influence of human Mesenchymal stem cells on cell proliferation and chemosensitivity of K562 cells[J].J Exp Haematol,2006,14(2):308-312.

[11]鄧均,蒲曉允,張春雷,等,K562細(xì)胞影響B(tài)MSCs生長(zhǎng)及MIP21a表達(dá)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J].第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2004,26(19):17202-17722.Deng J,Pu X Y,Zheng C L,et al.The research of the effect of K562 to BMSC s and the expression of MIP21a[J].Acta Academia Medicine Militaries Tertian,2004,26(19):17202-17722.

[12]Bijan Moshaver,Marjolein A,Van Der Pol,et al Chemotherapeutic treatment of bone marrow stromal cells strongly affects their protective effect on acute myeloid leukemia cell survival[J].Leukemia Lymphoma,2008,49(1):134-148.

[13]Konopleva M,Konoplev S,Hu W,et al.Stromal cells prevent apoptosis of AML cells by upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins[J].Leukemia,2002,16(9):1713-1724.

[14]Keller U,Gotze K S,Duyster J,et al.Murine stromal cells producing hyper-interleukin-6 and Flt3 ligand support expansion of early human hematopoietic progenitor cells without need of exogenous growth factors[J].Leukemia,2002,16(10):2122-2128.

[15]Hunter A E,Rogers S Y,Roberts I A,et al.Autonomous growth of blast cells is associated with reduced survival in acute myeloblastic leukemia[J].Blood,1993,82(3):899-903.

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[17]Van Stijn A,Van der Pol M A,Kok A,et al.Differences between the CD34+and CD34-blast compartments in apoptosis resistance in acute myeloid leukemia[J].Haematologica,2003,88(5):497-508.

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