王相平 紀(jì)曉君 管殿堯 宋曉楠
(大連市第五人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科,遼寧 大連 116021)
腔內(nèi)碎石術(shù)治療輸尿管結(jié)石術(shù)后感染的預(yù)防研究
王相平 紀(jì)曉君 管殿堯 宋曉楠
(大連市第五人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科,遼寧 大連 116021)
目的 探討腔內(nèi)碎石術(shù)治療輸尿管結(jié)石術(shù)后感染的預(yù)防。方法 選擇2014年1月至2015年10月在醫(yī)院行腔內(nèi)碎石術(shù)治療輸尿管結(jié)石的284例輸尿管結(jié)石患者,采集感染患者的中段尿液標(biāo)本進(jìn)行細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)、鑒定及藥敏實(shí)驗(yàn),并對(duì)術(shù)后感染的原因進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果 術(shù)后感染35例,感染率為12.32%。共檢出162株病原菌,其中革蘭陽(yáng)性菌35株占19.75%,革蘭陰性菌108株占66.67%,真菌19株占11.73%。糞腸球菌對(duì)青霉素及氧氟沙星具有較高的耐藥率,而對(duì)萬(wàn)古霉素及安可西林非常敏感;金黃色葡萄球菌對(duì)氧氟沙星、鏈霉素較為敏感,尤其是萬(wàn)古霉素;表皮葡萄球菌對(duì)氧氟沙星及青霉素耐藥率較高。大腸埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、銅綠假單胞菌對(duì)哌拉新林及亞胺培南非常敏感,而對(duì)安可西林、環(huán)丙沙星具有較高的耐藥率。經(jīng)Logistic回歸分析,年齡≥60歲、合并糖尿病、術(shù)前尿路感染、輸尿管上段結(jié)石、多發(fā)結(jié)石、結(jié)石≥1 cm、手術(shù)時(shí)間≥50 min、術(shù)中灌注壓≥60 mm Hg、輸尿管彈道碎石為腔內(nèi)碎石術(shù)治療輸尿管結(jié)石術(shù)后感染的獨(dú)立因素。結(jié)論 齡≥60歲、合并糖尿病、術(shù)前尿路感染、輸尿管上段結(jié)石、多發(fā)結(jié)石、結(jié)石≥1 cm、手術(shù)時(shí)間≥50 min、急性梗阻、術(shù)中灌注壓≥60 mm Hg、輸尿管彈道碎石術(shù)為腔內(nèi)碎石術(shù)治療輸尿管結(jié)石術(shù)后感染的獨(dú)立因素。針對(duì)相關(guān)因素積極采取相應(yīng)的對(duì)策,以降低腔內(nèi)碎石術(shù)治療輸尿管結(jié)石術(shù)后感染的發(fā)生率。
腔內(nèi)碎石術(shù);輸尿管結(jié)石;術(shù)后感染;影響因素;預(yù)防
本次研究選擇2014年1月至2015年10月在醫(yī)院行腔內(nèi)碎石術(shù)治療輸尿管結(jié)石的284例輸尿管結(jié)石患者作為研究對(duì)象,探討腔內(nèi)碎石術(shù)治療輸尿管結(jié)石術(shù)后感染的預(yù)防,報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料:選擇2014年1月至2015年10月在醫(yī)院行腔內(nèi)碎石術(shù)治療輸尿管結(jié)石的284例輸尿管結(jié)石患者。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)、鑒定及藥敏實(shí)驗(yàn):在無(wú)菌條件下采集感染患者的中段尿液標(biāo)本立即放入培養(yǎng)瓶中送檢,采用細(xì)菌檢定儀(法國(guó)生物梅里埃公司生產(chǎn),型號(hào):VITEK-32)對(duì)采集培養(yǎng)的菌種進(jìn)行鑒定。藥敏試驗(yàn)采用K-B紙片瓊脂擴(kuò)散法,按照美國(guó)臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)室標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化委員會(huì)(NCCLS)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[1]來(lái)判定結(jié)果。
1.2.2 研究方法:對(duì)所有腔內(nèi)碎石術(shù)治療輸尿管結(jié)石患者的病例資料進(jìn)行匯總、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,主要包括患者的性別、年齡、合并糖尿病、術(shù)前尿路感染、結(jié)石位置、結(jié)石數(shù)量、結(jié)石大小、手術(shù)時(shí)間、梗阻情況、術(shù)中灌注壓等信息,對(duì)術(shù)后感染的相關(guān)因素進(jìn)行初步篩選,并通過(guò)Logistic回歸分析關(guān)聯(lián)較大的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,并制定相應(yīng)的措施,以降低術(shù)后感染的發(fā)生率。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理:采用 SPSS18.0 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),并通過(guò)Logistic回歸分析關(guān)聯(lián)較大的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,P<0.05 表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 感染情況:284例腔內(nèi)碎石術(shù)治療輸尿管結(jié)石術(shù)患者術(shù)后感染35例,感染率為12.32%。
2.2 醫(yī)院感染患者病原菌分布:共檢出162株病原菌,其中革蘭陽(yáng)性菌35株占19.75%,革蘭陰性菌108株占66.67%,真菌19株占11.73%。見表1。
Prevention Research Lithotripsy of Ureteral Calculi Postoperative Infection
WANG Xiang-ping, JI Xiao-jun, GUAN Dian-yao, SONG Xiao-nan
(Department of Urology, Dalian Fifth People’s Hospital, Dalian 116021, China)
ObjectiveTo investigate the lithotripsy of ureteral calculi postoperative infection prevention.MethodsJanuary 2014 -2015 in October Hospital of lithotripsy of ureteral calculi 284 cases of ureteral calculi patients infected patients collect midstream urine specimen for bacterial culture, identifcation and susceptibility testing, and surgery Cause after infection were analyzed.Results35 cases of postoperative infection, the infection rate was 12.32%. 162 were detected pathogens, including gram-positive bacteria 35 accounted for 19.75%, Gram-negative bacteria 108 accounted for 66.67%, accounting for 11.73% of fungi 19. Enterococcus faecalis penicillin and ofoxacin has a high resistance rate, while Encore resistant to vancomycin and very sensitive; Staphylococcus aureus ofoxacin, more sensitive to streptomycin, especially vancomycin prime; Staphylococcus epidermidis ofoxacin and a higher rate of penicillin-resistant. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin and imipenem new forest is very sensitive, while the encore amoxicillin, ciprofoxacin has a high resistance rate. After Logistic regression analysis, age≥60 years, diabetes, preoperative urinary tract infection, upper ureteral stones, multiple stones, stones≥1 cm, operative time≥50 min, intraoperative perfusion pressure≥60 mm Hg, lithotripsy of ureteral lumen broken independent factors ureteral stones stone treatment of postoperative infection.ConclusionsAge≥60 years, diabetes, preoperative urinary tract infection, upper ureteral stones, multiple stones, stones≥1 cm, operative time≥50 min, acute obstruction, intraoperative perfusion pressure≥60 mm Hg, ureteral lithotripsy intraluminal independent factors of postoperative infection ureteral calculi lithotripsy. Actively take appropriate measures for the relevant factors in order to reduce lithotripsy of ureteral calculi incidence of postoperative infection.
Lithotripsy; Ureteral calculi; Postoperative infection; Infuencing factors; Prevention
R693+.4
B
1671-8194(2016)35-0003-02