朱玫潔　張　裕（上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院文學(xué)研究所）

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“民間報(bào)刊與城市文化研討會(huì)”綜述

朱玫潔張?jiān)?br/>（上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院文學(xué)研究所）

由上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院文學(xué)研究所主辦的“民間報(bào)刊與城市文化研討會(huì)”于2016年4月9日在上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院分部召開，來自復(fù)旦大學(xué)、上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院等高校和科研院所的專家、學(xué)者與來自《海派文化》、《東方民文》、《城市詩人》等20多家上海民間報(bào)刊的主編和負(fù)責(zé)人出席了此次會(huì)議。上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院文學(xué)研究所民俗學(xué)與非遺保護(hù)研究室主任黃江平主持了開幕式，并做了總結(jié)發(fā)言。上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院文學(xué)研究所原黨總支副書記潘頌德、上海民間文藝家協(xié)會(huì)副主席蔡豐明到會(huì)致辭。此次會(huì)議是有史以來第一次由體制內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)舉辦的民間報(bào)刊研討會(huì)，開啟了學(xué)術(shù)界正式進(jìn)入民間報(bào)刊研究領(lǐng)域的先河，具有里程碑的意義。

上海民間報(bào)刊歷史悠久，如果從上海開埠后出現(xiàn)的第一份民間報(bào)紙算起，至今已有100多年歷史。改革開放以來，民間報(bào)刊在社會(huì)整體環(huán)境趨向?qū)捤傻姆諊?，發(fā)展很快。黨的十八屆三中全會(huì)指出：“鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)力量、社會(huì)資本參與公共文化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，培育文化非營利組織?！痹诖吮尘跋?，上海民間報(bào)刊正以前所未有的熱情積極參與城市公共文化建設(shè)。本次研討會(huì)旨在通過對民間報(bào)刊的深入研討，建立起民間報(bào)刊之間更廣泛的交流與合作，推動(dòng)民間辦報(bào)事業(yè)的發(fā)展。

隨著物質(zhì)生活水平的不斷提高，人們對精神文化的需求越來越強(qiáng)烈，但是就政府能夠提供的公共文化服務(wù)而言，與人民群眾日益增長的文化需求仍然存在著較大距離，而民間報(bào)刊正是起到了良好的補(bǔ)充作用。研討會(huì)上，與會(huì)代表首先交流回顧了各自辦報(bào)體會(huì)?！逗Ｅ晌幕分骶幫鯐跃龔膭?chuàng)辦背景、宗旨、定位、特色、讀者、社會(huì)影響、愿景等方面介紹了《海派文化》的發(fā)展歷程?！逗Ｅ晌幕纷鳛槿珖谝环莺Ｅ晌幕惖拿耖g報(bào)紙，已經(jīng)創(chuàng)辦了14年，獲得社會(huì)各界的高度評價(jià)。王曉君表示，民間辦報(bào)雖然舉步維艱，但只要我們持之以恒，相信我們的前途會(huì)越來越好，我們愿為社會(huì)主義文化大發(fā)展、大繁榮貢獻(xiàn)綿薄之力?！逗Ｉ显娍穲?zhí)行主編金月明用十年磨一劍來形容對辦報(bào)的精益求精和孜孜以求。同時(shí)也談到了《海上詩刊》存在的問題和今后努力的方向。他表示，要積極創(chuàng)作反映社會(huì)正能量的作品，為中華民族的振興貢獻(xiàn)一份力量?！稏|方民文》創(chuàng)辦人李鴻慶分享了自己的辦報(bào)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。他說，民間辦報(bào)雖然困難很多，但是辦法總比困難多，可以采取與企事業(yè)單位協(xié)辦的模式，在宣傳企業(yè)文化、校園文化、協(xié)會(huì)文化的同時(shí)，解決辦報(bào)的資金問題。他還呼吁成立民間辦報(bào)管理機(jī)構(gòu)，培訓(xùn)民報(bào)人員、建立辦報(bào)基金、監(jiān)督民報(bào)質(zhì)量?！逗Ｉ巷L(fēng)》副主編費(fèi)平闡述了詩歌對城市文化建設(shè)的意義，交流了詩社舉辦的各種文化活動(dòng)，提出了詩社在知識結(jié)構(gòu)、人員老化、溝通交流等方面存在的不足與問題，并呼吁相關(guān)方面的關(guān)注。《長衫詩人》主編孫云卿介紹該詩刊的緣起、內(nèi)容、風(fēng)格、欄目和成員組成。上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院文學(xué)研究所研究員潘頌德長期以來擔(dān)任上海多家民間報(bào)刊的主編及顧問，他從縱橫兩個(gè)方面對上海民間報(bào)刊進(jìn)行了全面總結(jié)，并高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚地提出了民間辦報(bào)的思路和建議。他認(rèn)為，開展豐富的活動(dòng)，吸引培養(yǎng)更多的文學(xué)新人是壯大社團(tuán)、社刊的必由之路。他呼吁市、區(qū)、縣、街道、鎮(zhèn)的黨政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對民間文學(xué)社團(tuán)及其社刊要從政治上加強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、組織上加強(qiáng)管理、經(jīng)濟(jì)上適當(dāng)資助。

會(huì)議從理論上對民間報(bào)刊的文化特色和新特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了深入研討。復(fù)旦大學(xué)中文系教授葛乃福同樣長期以來擔(dān)任上海多家民間報(bào)刊的主編及顧問，他認(rèn)為民間報(bào)刊的文化特色是民間報(bào)刊的命脈，缺失文化特色很難使民間報(bào)刊可持續(xù)發(fā)展，如何將民間報(bào)刊的特色做好、做大、做強(qiáng)是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。他把民間報(bào)刊的文化特色概括為“五個(gè)緊扣”，即緊扣宗旨、緊扣類別、緊扣性質(zhì)、緊扣身份和緊扣讀者對象。五個(gè)緊扣亦即“五個(gè)認(rèn)同”，即宗旨認(rèn)同、類別認(rèn)同、性質(zhì)認(rèn)同、身份認(rèn)同和年齡認(rèn)同。建議定期召開上海民間文學(xué)社團(tuán)暨上海民間報(bào)刊聯(lián)誼會(huì)。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，民間報(bào)刊出現(xiàn)了許多新特點(diǎn)，上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院文學(xué)研究所民俗學(xué)與非遺保護(hù)研究室主任黃江平從社團(tuán)化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、平臺化、“飛地”化、年輕化等五個(gè)方面對當(dāng)前民間報(bào)刊的新特點(diǎn)作了闡述。她認(rèn)為，盡管民間辦報(bào)在我國仍然是學(xué)術(shù)界的“盲區(qū)”，但新世紀(jì)以來，民間報(bào)刊發(fā)展迅速，成為一個(gè)不容忽視的文化現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)該引起政府相關(guān)部門和學(xué)術(shù)界的重視?！逗稀分骶幜韪治隽恕逗稀返臋谀刻厣⒕庉嬏厣瓦\(yùn)作特色，并對當(dāng)前民間報(bào)刊生存的政治條件、社會(huì)條件和文化條件給予充分的肯定。認(rèn)為《湖畔》的成功得益于編輯班子甘愿奉獻(xiàn)的精神、社會(huì)各界包括政府相關(guān)部門和基層群眾的支持，以及國家政治清明、經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的大環(huán)境。上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院文學(xué)研究所研究生韓雪蓮認(rèn)為，報(bào)刊伴隨城市文化的勃興而出現(xiàn)，城市文化是報(bào)刊產(chǎn)生的土壤和文本敘事的源泉，報(bào)刊是城市文化的傳播渠道和重要載體。她認(rèn)為，民間文藝報(bào)刊的意義在于：它記錄了普通市民的審美觀念，展示了上海城市的風(fēng)土人情，豐富了市民的多元文化訴求。民間文藝報(bào)刊成為市民自由發(fā)表言論的空間，剖析社會(huì)負(fù)面現(xiàn)象、關(guān)心國家事務(wù)，建構(gòu)了公共領(lǐng)域的話語民主。普通市民通過協(xié)力辦報(bào)、文學(xué)結(jié)社以及交友雅集等，逐漸營造了市民社會(huì)的文化自治空間。

近年來互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展迅速，民間報(bào)刊同樣也出現(xiàn)了與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)融合的趨勢，對新媒體背景下民間報(bào)刊發(fā)展趨勢的探討也是此次會(huì)議的重要議題。上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院文學(xué)研究所副研究員畢旭玲分析了在自媒體時(shí)代下權(quán)威瓦解、紙質(zhì)媒體讀者群流失等時(shí)代特點(diǎn)，探討其將給民間報(bào)刊帶來的困難與挑戰(zhàn)。她認(rèn)為，自媒體時(shí)代人人都是記者、新聞傳播者，其媒介基礎(chǔ)具有交互性、自主性，使得新聞自由度大大提高。民間報(bào)刊以傳統(tǒng)紙媒為媒介，與能擁有上百萬訪問量的微信公眾號相比，民間報(bào)刊的傳播力量顯得十分薄弱。而要適應(yīng)自媒體時(shí)代的發(fā)展，民間報(bào)刊普遍缺乏技術(shù)、資金和人才，做出相關(guān)應(yīng)變比較困難?！蹲骷倚略贰分骶幖o(jì)學(xué)軍將民間報(bào)刊分為紙刊和網(wǎng)刊，他認(rèn)為，紙刊將與中老年人一路同行，更多為中老年服務(wù)，尤其是喜歡集報(bào)或者崇尚精閱讀的人群。而網(wǎng)刊則將倚仗天生優(yōu)勢迅猛發(fā)展。未來紙刊與網(wǎng)刊將會(huì)在雙軌發(fā)展中，進(jìn)行互補(bǔ)與合作?！对姼鑸?bào)》主編于懷玉在發(fā)言中談到：20世紀(jì)70年代后期，中國民間詩歌再次興起，主要是城市詩歌（文藝）社團(tuán)和城市大學(xué)生詩歌社團(tuán)促進(jìn)了民間詩歌刊物的發(fā)展，對城市文化的發(fā)展起到了實(shí)際意義上的繁榮與見證。2000年開始由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的互動(dòng)性與及時(shí)性，民間詩刊得到長足發(fā)展。自2010年文學(xué)自媒體（博客、微博）和社交媒體（微信）的興起，交互式民間詩刊滲透到了城市文化的日常和末梢，在碎片化的同時(shí)，也將海派文化的民間出版物帶入縱深階段。上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院文學(xué)研究所助理研究員、詩人張瑞燕認(rèn)為，隨著科技的日新月異，網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇已經(jīng)式微，更新的自媒體：個(gè)人博客、微博也過了熱火朝天的時(shí)期，目前大部分詩人立足于微信，微信的簡短、便捷、迅速傳播似乎為詩歌而設(shè)，目前已成為中國當(dāng)代詩歌傳播的主要工具，自媒體時(shí)代，微信公眾號已成為最大的詩歌民刊。

民間報(bào)刊發(fā)展前景是大家共同關(guān)注的問題。《世界散文詩人辭?！房偩幾肭厝A認(rèn)為，民間報(bào)刊在對傳統(tǒng)文化的繼承以及滿足最普通人群的文化需要上的意義是無法被替代的，它讓文學(xué)呈現(xiàn)出本真的狀態(tài)。但在新媒體時(shí)代，傳統(tǒng)媒體受到的沖擊日益劇烈，各民刊應(yīng)當(dāng)創(chuàng)新整合、善于經(jīng)營，以此在文化多元化中發(fā)揮更積極的作用。《城市詩人》執(zhí)行主編朱鐵武提到，民間報(bào)刊將向著無紙化、集約化、數(shù)字化的方向發(fā)展。隨著人們文化認(rèn)識水平的提高，民間報(bào)刊將與主流媒體形成良性互補(bǔ)，時(shí)代的主流意識會(huì)在民間報(bào)刊里出現(xiàn)，主流媒體也將民間化，主流與非主流媒體的邊界將會(huì)日益模糊，民間報(bào)刊從內(nèi)容到形式都會(huì)提高到一個(gè)新的水平。上海文藝網(wǎng)副總編季國強(qiáng)從體制改革的角度對民間報(bào)刊的發(fā)展提出了建議，如實(shí)行民刊備案制度、改革刊號制度、建立民刊評獎(jiǎng)制度等。海派詩人社社長付明著重分析了民間報(bào)刊的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)、人員素質(zhì)、合作精神，并提出了推動(dòng)民間報(bào)刊發(fā)展的建議。《浦江詩薈》主編張儀飛認(rèn)為，目前上海民間報(bào)刊的生存現(xiàn)狀是剃頭挑子一頭熱，民間詩社活躍而官方機(jī)構(gòu)冷淡，提出要以合縱的思路明確自己的方向、位置、宗旨，求新變通，以思路、創(chuàng)意取勝，在發(fā)展中求生存；要以連橫的方法加強(qiáng)詩社間更廣泛和更深入的合作，進(jìn)行資源共享并建立合作共同體，突破小范圍詩社間鄰居串門式的互相來往。上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院文學(xué)研究所研究員蔡豐明指出，要從政府、社會(huì)和個(gè)人三方面逐步建立相應(yīng)的激勵(lì)機(jī)制。政府方面應(yīng)當(dāng)為民間辦報(bào)營造良好的環(huán)境，放寬審核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督管理。社會(huì)方面應(yīng)當(dāng)建立基金會(huì)等形式給予資金扶持。個(gè)人方面應(yīng)當(dāng)逐步培養(yǎng)一批熱心人，特別是一批民間精英加入辦報(bào)事業(yè)，提高辦報(bào)的學(xué)術(shù)層次。

此次會(huì)議是一次民間報(bào)刊的盛會(huì)，會(huì)上大家一致表示，民間報(bào)刊在保持民間特色的同時(shí)，要積極融入城市公共文化建設(shè)，批評假丑惡，弘揚(yáng)真善美，進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)民間報(bào)刊事業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。

責(zé)任編輯：沈潔

Abstract: This essay analyses Liu Xie’s literary ideas in his book The Litrary Mind and the Carving of the Dragon from these four aspects: wen ben hu dao， literary style， shensi composing and zhiyin appreciation. Firstly， he proposes the general question of yuan dao. Secondly， the book of The Litrary Mind and the Carving of the Dragon epitomizes the stylistics in Wei-Jin， Southern & Northern Dynasties periods， composing of four elements. Thirdly， The Litrary Mind and the Carving of the Dragon involves discussions on literary composition from the beginning to the end， with the essay of shensi as the genenal idea. Fourthly， the book expounds the idea of appreciation.

English Abstracts To Explore Cultural Resources & to Promote the Development of Creative Cultural Industry

Fan Yugang

Abstract:The document Certain Opinions about the Thorough Exploration of Outstanding Cultural Resources and the Promotion of Cultural Creative Product Development is published by the Ministry of Culture and other three ministries. It finds the breakthrough point from the policy innovation to deepen the reform of cultural market system， which is helpful for the further improvement of modern cultural market system， and for the flow of cultural resources over the nation. It can also promote the combination of cultural resources with capital and market，and can drive the culture industry of synergistic development by creative cultural industry， thus fulfilling the internal target to strenthen the cultural industry development system during the period of China’s “The Thirteeth Five-Year Plan”.

New Steps to Further the Reform of Non-Profit Cultural Relics Units

Qi Shuyu

Abstract: The paper argues that cultural relics units’ development of the cultural creative products based on their collection resources contributes to the promotion of the creative transformation of traditional cultural resources， to the improvement of the cultural relics units’ selfdevelopment ability and to the innovation of management system of such units. It needs to correctly understand the non-profit cultural relics units’functions， to promote the innovation of the management system of such units， to explore the modes of development of cultural creative products，to adopt proper methods in different situations， and to manage accordingly， in order to promote the development of cultural creative products. Promoting the innovation of the management system of such units is the safeguard of the cultural relics units’ development of the cultural creative products based on their collection resources contributes. Therefore， it is necessary to perfect the evaluation system of the cultural relics units， to establish a good reward mechanism on good behaviors， and to strengthen social supervision.

To Promote Cultural and Creative Product Development by Getting Rid of “Identity Imprison” First

Ruan Ke

Abstract: Public services can't be simply interpreted as “no fee， free service”， and “not for profit”isn’t equivalent to “can not profit”. As most of the state-owned cultural relics units belong to the “public service category of” institutions which financial incomes and expenses are apart on two lines， they have no incentive to develop cultural and creative products. Since cultural and creative products are non-public cultural productsby nature， this paper argues that in ensuring under the premise of providing basic public cultural services， the state-owned cultural relics units can provide non-essential cultural services and value-added services， including cultural and creative products.

The Ways of Believing & Contemporary Cultural and Social Thoughts

Li Xiangping， Zhang Xiaoyi

Abstract: Facing the crisis of beliefs in China， this paper reponds and denies the viewpoint of “the loss of beliefs”， and discusses the multiple inter-construction between the ways of believing， social thoughts and cultural construction by reviewing the history and the debates on beliefs in China and the West. The individualization of believing， nationalism and cultural populism have a profound influence on the ways of believing and the cultural construction of the society. The key to the belief issues in contemporary China is centerned on the transform of ways of believing from private issues to social ones， especially the formation of public common values among a variety of beliefs.

On the Ways of Confucian Acculturation and the Construction of China’s Contemporary Belief

Li Jinglin

Abstract: The rites and music and the religious system in Zhou Dynasty， after undergoing a value transformation by Confucian metaphysics，has turned to be a real “moral religion” and a foundation of values and beliefs for Chinese societies over thousands of years. This rite system has changed with the history to adapt to different times， which ensures the integration of its principles with different social life， and thus maintains a continuous living life-nature. Therefore， Confucian acculturation is universal and inclusive. The reestablishment of China’s contemporary belief is a reconstruction not only of rite system， but also of theoretic thoughts combining tradition and making it adaptable. Only by this way can we ensure a bright prospect for the reconstruction of China’s contemporary belief.

To Focusing on the Study of Contemporary Belief: A Conference Review of “The Belief in China’s Contemporary Development of Culture”

Shen Jie

Abstract: In order to promote the discussion on belief， an academic symposium is held in Beijing and Shanghai， and several dozens of experts and scholars from the Cultural Study and Development Center of Peking University， Si Guan College， Shanghai Culture of the Institute of Literature of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences， and Academic Monthly of Shanghai Federation of Social Science Association take part in the conference. They have a heated discussion on the subjective theories of belief， the relation between belief and contemporary society， and the belief tradition in China.

Anti-Oedipus and Lust Machine （part 2）

Gilles Deleuze & Felix Guattari， trans by Dong Shubao

Abstract: By comparing desiring-production and social production， Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari makes a distinguish between territorial machine， despotic machine and capitalist machine. They emphasize the significant relation between schizophrenia and capitalism， and thus construct a materialist psychiatry.

On Frankfurt School under the Influence of Simmel and his Critical Path

Yang Xiangrong

Abstract: Academic circles generally believes that the Frankfurt School’s literature and art aesthetic thoughts is the continuation and development of the literature and art aesthetics classical Marxist. But in the history of the Frankfurt school， the influence of Simmel makes Frankfurt School stretch the Marx's critique of political economy of capitalism in the field of sociology， aesthetics， culture and art. Based on the literary theory， sociology， aesthetics， art and other multidisciplinary perspective， we can construct the thoughts association of Simmel and Frankfurt School from dimensions of cultural diagnosis， fragments of modernity， modern people， aesthetic dimension and aesthetic salvation of modern art.

The Communication of Thunderstorm on Shanghai Modern Drama Stage

Cao Lingyan

Abstract: After Cao Yu’s classic plays Thunderstorm was published in 1934， it was wide spread in various forms such as drama， movie，radio play and traditional opera， and written in modern Chinese literary history. Thunderstorm’s outstanding artistic creation and its nationalized，theaterized features meet the needs and aesthetic tendency of the urbanization development of Shanghai. Local operas in Shanghai like Shen Qu，Yue Opera， Ping Opera make performance of it， which not only broadens the influence of Thunderstorm， demonstrating its stage charm and artistic life， but also enhances the artistic taste of local operas， promoting the modern operas’transformation and development， bringing positive effect of its communication.

The Image of the Ghost: The Spirit Photography in Sheng De Tan

Wang Hongchao

Abstract: The spirit photography is to photograph the ghost or the dead people. It first appeared in America and was introduced to China by Wu Tingfang later. In China， it was coupled with Fuji and caused a great response. The most famous spirit photography is the affair that after Xu Banhou， a Wenzhou person， died of shipwreck， his family photographed him through Fuji. These photoes were published in the journal launched by Sheng De Tan and caused a sensation.Then many spirit photography activities were held there. This paper focuses on these spirit photograph activities held in The Sheng De Tan and the reasons for its termination.

Free Marriage， Alteration of Old Customs and “Refined Revolution”: The Story of “Luohanqian”

Zhang Lianhong

Abstract: Luohanqian， a traditional love token， appears in many texts in modern China. This paper is based on a story of the fate of two generations linked by the old and new Luohanqian. While studying the different versions on the story from Zhao Shuli’s Registration， an old fashioned storytelling novel propaganding free marriage， to its Hu opera adaption titled “l(fā)uohanqian”， till a famous movie version spreading all over China， this paper analyses the radical political movement in cultural practice by the mass and the “refined revolution” in day-to-day life，reflecting on the social renovation characterized by free marriage， and the cultural image and historical influence brought by the alteration of old customs in the social revolution.

The Unique Construction of The History of Chinese Diet Aesthetics Bookreview of Zhao Jianjun’s A History of Chinese diet Aesthetics

Liu Qiang

Abstract: In recent years， The research of China food culture is just unfolding to deep development increasingly. As one of the new results，Zhao Jianjun’s A History of Chinese diet Aesthetics has exceptional academic significance because of its completing of the scientific construction of the history of Chinese diet aesthetics at first time. The book’s theoretical logic and connotation are prominently reflected below. First， “history goes before logic” as the most important academic principles is to be strictly abided by， and its theoretical logic and ideaistic system are based on deliberate historical facts. Secondly， the book traces and interprets the whole process of the integration between Chinese diet and cultural aesthetics， exploring the historical relation between the deep value system of Chinese culture and “the concept of tasting” of dietetic aesthetics，vividly demonstrating the ontology exists and the value realm of the Chinese diet aesthetics. In addition， the book also highlights the “aesthetic”expression from dietetic aesthetics.

Interpretation of Liu Xie’s Literary Thoughts （Part Ⅱ）

Tong Qingbing