魯義++++++姚嘉茵++++++堯新華++++++卿朝暉++++++童輝4++++劉玲
[摘要] 目的 探討Toll樣受體4(TLR4)抑制劑TAK-242對(duì)糖尿病周?chē)窠?jīng)痛(DPN)模型大鼠的治療效果及其可能的作用機(jī)制。 方法 SPF級(jí)雄性SD大鼠60只,隨機(jī)均分為3組,分別為正常對(duì)照組(NC組)、DPN模型組(DPN組)、TAK-242治療組(TAK組)。采用鏈脲佐菌素(STZ)方法建立DPN大鼠模型,采用ELISA及RT-PCR方法檢測(cè)DPN模型大鼠腰膨大脊髓組織的高遷移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)-TLR4軸上下游基因(HMGB1、TLR4、MAPK、NF-κB、IL-6)的變化,分析上述細(xì)胞因子表達(dá)水平與大鼠疼痛行為的相關(guān)性。使用TLR4抑制劑TAK-242對(duì)DPN模型大鼠進(jìn)行藥物干預(yù),觀察其治療效果及對(duì)HMGB1-TLR4軸基因表達(dá)的影響。 結(jié)果 ELISA檢測(cè)顯示,DPN組大鼠的血清HMGB1、TLR4、IL-6表達(dá)水平均較NC組升高(P<0.05);TAK組大鼠的TLR4及IL-6表達(dá)水平較DPN組下降(P<0.05)。RT-PCR檢測(cè)顯示,DPN組大鼠的HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB、IL-6 mRNA表達(dá)水平較NC組升高(P<0.05);TAK組大鼠的TLR4、NF-κB、IL-6 mRNA表達(dá)水平較DPN組下降(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 TLR4抑制劑TAK-242通過(guò)阻斷HMGB1-TLR4軸對(duì)DPN模型動(dòng)物起治療作用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] TLR4;TAK-242;HMGB1-TLR4;糖尿病周?chē)窠?jīng)痛
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R587.2 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2016)02(a)-0009-04
Therapeutic effect of TAK-242 on diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain rats
LU Yi1 YAO Jia-yin2 YAO Xin-hua1▲ QING Zhao-hui1 TONG Hui1 LIU Ling1
1.Department of Anesthesiology,Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510130,China;2.Department of Gastroenterology,the Sixth Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510655,China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and possible mechanisms of TLR4 inhibitor named TAK-242 on the diabetic peripheral neuropathic (DPN) rat model. Methods 60 male SD rats with SPF level were randomly divided into 3 groups, such as normal control group (NC group), DPN model group (DPN group),TAK-242 treatment group (TAK group).DPN rat models were established by using the method of streptozocin (STZ),and behavior analysis were made.Expressions of HMGB1-TLR4 related genes such as HMGB1,TLR4,MAPK,NF-κB and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by RT-PCR.Correlations of genes mentioned above and the pain behavior of rats were analyzed.TLR4 inhibitor named TAK-242 was used for drug intervention.Its therapeutic effect and the effect on the expressions of HMGB1-TLR4 axis were observed. Results There was a significant increase in the spontaneous behavior and decrease in the pain threshold of rats in DNP group compared with NC group (P<0.05).The serum expression of TLR4 and IL-6 in DNP group was significantly higher than those in NC group (P<0.05),and the expression of IL-6 and TLR4 in the TAK group was decreased compared with the model group as detected by ELISA (P<0.05).The expressions of HMGB1,TLR4,NF-κB and IL-6 mRNA in DNP group was significantly higher than those in NC group (P<0.05),and the mRNA expression of TLR4,NF-κB and IL-6 in TAK group was decreased compared with DNP group as detected by RT-PCR (P<0.05). Conclusion By blocking the HMGB1-TLR4 axis,TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 plays a role of therapeutic effect in the treatment on DPN rats.
[Key words] TLR4;TAK-242;HMGB1-TLR4;Diabetic peripheral neuropathic
在糖尿病患者中約20%的患者合并有糖尿病周?chē)窠?jīng)病變,占糖尿病神經(jīng)病變的50%[1-2],其中糖尿病周?chē)窠?jīng)痛(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)發(fā)病率為13%~26%[3-4]。最新研究認(rèn)為DPN的發(fā)生、發(fā)展與全身慢性炎性反應(yīng)密切相關(guān),尤其周?chē)窠?jīng)局部免疫功能失常、細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)軸異常相關(guān)[5]。其中,高遷移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box-1 protein,HMGB1)-Toll樣受體4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)軸可能是神經(jīng)免疫性損傷的核心病因[6]。本研究擬探討HMGB1-TLR4軸在DPN發(fā)病機(jī)制中的作用,使用TLR4抑制劑TAK-242阻斷HMGB1-TLR4軸,觀察其對(duì)DPN的治療效果。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物
雄性SD大鼠60只,SPF級(jí),體質(zhì)量180~220 g,由中山大學(xué)疼痛治療中心提供;安排專(zhuān)人采用專(zhuān)用飼料和水進(jìn)行喂養(yǎng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物質(zhì)量合格證:SCXK(粵)2009-0011。實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物設(shè)施使用證:編號(hào)0044336。
1.2動(dòng)物分組
60只大鼠隨機(jī)均分為3組,分別設(shè)為正常對(duì)照組(normal control group,NC組)、DPN模型組(DPN model group,DPN組)、TAK-242治療組(TAK-242 treatment group,TAK組)。
1.3動(dòng)物模型的建立
采用鏈脲佐菌素(STZ)法建立模型。大鼠自動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中心取回,禁食不禁水24 h。大鼠禁食12 h后稱重,按照55 mg/kg一次性腹腔注射STZ溶液(美國(guó)Sigma公司)。腹腔注射48 h后用血糖分析儀測(cè)定大鼠尾靜脈血糖,空腹血糖>16.7 mmol/L的大鼠為成功的DPN模型大鼠,共得到40只(其中DPN組20只,TAK組20只)。正常對(duì)照組則腹腔注射相同劑量枸櫞酸/枸櫞酸鈉緩沖液,共得到20只。
1.4 干預(yù)措施
TAK組大鼠,在造模前1天,造模后第1、7天分別按大鼠體重給予腹腔注射3 mg/kg TAK-242[4](購(gòu)自美國(guó)Takeda公司)。NC組與DPN組分別在相同時(shí)間腹腔注射3 mg/kg的生理鹽水。造模后第14天結(jié)束實(shí)驗(yàn),所有大鼠均麻醉下處死,心臟注射取血,離心后取血清至-4℃冰箱儲(chǔ)存;快速取出腰膨大,使用4%多聚甲醛固定,準(zhǔn)備行免疫組化檢測(cè)。留取腰膨大組織2~3 g,置于去RNA酶的Eppendorf管中,經(jīng)液氮后轉(zhuǎn)至-70℃冰箱,用于RT-PCR檢測(cè)。
1.5行為學(xué)分析
觀察大鼠有無(wú)自發(fā)性疼痛行為。造模后第1、7、14天,在室溫(24±1)℃的舒適、安靜環(huán)境下觀察大鼠的歩態(tài)和后肢的抬腳、護(hù)衛(wèi)姿勢(shì)、舔腳、腿的著地性或抗重力行為,以及是否有自殘形為。
1.6 ELISA檢測(cè)
根據(jù)試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)操作(HMGB1、TLR4、MAPK、NF-κB及IL-6的ELISA試劑盒,均購(gòu)自美國(guó)Invitrogen公司)。檢測(cè)各組大鼠血清HMGB1、TLR4、MAPK、NF-κB及IL-6的含量水平。
1.7 RT-PCR
取大鼠腰膨大脊髓組織,按Trizol試劑說(shuō)明書(shū)提取肝臟總RNA。采用紫外分光光度計(jì)測(cè)定總RNA樣品的濃度和純度。取2 g總RNA為模板,反轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA。PCR反應(yīng)條件:預(yù)變性94℃ 5 min,變性94℃ 30 s,退火59℃ 30 s。延伸72℃ 1 min。30個(gè)循環(huán)后,72℃再延伸10 min。再取5 μl PCR反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物,1.5%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳拍照。采用Quantity One軟件計(jì)算待測(cè)蛋白的基因和β-actin擴(kuò)增片斷的掃描密度比值。
1.8統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件SPSS 13.0對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間差異采用單因素方差分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 各組大鼠的一般狀態(tài)
NC組大鼠毛色有光澤,精神好,愛(ài)活動(dòng),食量、糞便均正常。DPN組大鼠自實(shí)驗(yàn)造模后,活動(dòng)量減少,精神萎靡不振。TAK組大鼠活動(dòng)稍差,毛色稍暗,大小便無(wú)異常,均無(wú)死亡。
2.2各組大鼠行為學(xué)的改變
DPN組大鼠自造模第2天開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)痛覺(jué)步態(tài),采取護(hù)衛(wèi)姿勢(shì)、舔腳等自發(fā)行為,造模第14天達(dá)到高峰。TAK組大鼠自發(fā)行為較DPN組少,第3次注射干預(yù)藥物后自發(fā)行為明顯減少。各組大鼠實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程沒(méi)有觀察到大鼠有自殘行為。
2.3 各組大鼠血清中HMGB1、TLR4、MAPK、NF-κB、IL-6的表達(dá)量測(cè)定
DPN組大鼠血清中的HMGB1、TLR4、IL-6 mRNA表達(dá)均較NC組升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。TAK組的TLR4、IL-6 mRNA表達(dá)較DPN組下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 三組大鼠的MAPK、NF-κB mRNA表達(dá)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)(P>0.05)(圖1)。
2.4 各組大鼠腰膨大脊髓組織中HMGB1、TLR4、MAPK、NF-κB、IL-6 mRNA的表達(dá)量測(cè)定
DPN組的HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB、IL-6 mRNA表達(dá)均較NC組升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。TAK組的TLR4、NF-κB、IL-6 mRNA表達(dá)較DPN組下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。各組大鼠的MAPK mRNA表達(dá)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(圖2)。
3 討論
目前普遍認(rèn)為DPN的發(fā)病與高血糖及由此帶來(lái)的一系列代謝紊亂關(guān)系密切。國(guó)內(nèi)外研究也表明該病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展與全身慢性炎性反應(yīng)密切相關(guān),尤其與周?chē)窠?jīng)局部免疫功能失常、細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)軸異常相關(guān)[7-8]。
HMGB1是關(guān)節(jié)炎、癌癥、自身免疫性疾病和糖尿病發(fā)病的關(guān)鍵性中間物質(zhì)。研究表明,HMGB1在糖尿病患者血漿中水平較高,且HMGB1表達(dá)水平與血糖水平高低呈正相關(guān)[9-10]。TLR是宿主抵抗病原菌入侵的主要識(shí)別和信號(hào)傳遞受體,而TLR4基因缺失小鼠,其神經(jīng)超敏性降低、脊髓膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活性和促炎性因子表達(dá)也降低[11-12]。在核內(nèi),HMGB1與DNA結(jié)合,活化下游兩種不同信號(hào)通路激活——MAPK,NF-κB通路。NF-κB的活化引起IL-6等促炎癥因子的合成和釋放,如TNF-α和IL-1β,而MAPK通路激活在調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)元重塑方面有重要作用[13-15]。本研究顯示,DPN模型大鼠中血清中的HMGB1、TLR4、IL-6表達(dá)量及mRNA表達(dá)水平均較NC組升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說(shuō)明HMGB1-TLR4在DNP的發(fā)病機(jī)制中起重要作用。
現(xiàn)階段,DPN的治療手段非常有限,在控制血糖的基礎(chǔ)上,傳統(tǒng)治療藥物包括抗抑郁藥、抗驚厥藥、抗痙攣藥及其他改善局部血流的藥物聯(lián)合運(yùn)用[16-18]。近年來(lái),比較受關(guān)注的是靶向治療[19-20]。筆者采用TLR4抑制劑TAK-242對(duì)大鼠進(jìn)行干預(yù),結(jié)果顯示TAK組的大鼠體內(nèi)TLR4、IL-6 mRNA較DPN組下降,提示TLR4抑制劑TAK-242可以有效阻斷HMGB1-TLR4,中斷促炎因子的釋放及其對(duì)機(jī)體的損傷,推測(cè)可將其作為一種有效的分子靶向治療方法,為臨床治療藥物的研究與拓展提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
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(收稿日期:2015-10-30 本文編輯:衛(wèi) 軻)