王麗英,文 莉,呂 誠,林 毅,龐代文
(武漢大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)分析化學(xué)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,化學(xué)與分子科學(xué)學(xué)院,病毒學(xué)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,高等研究院,武漢430072)
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基于宿主細(xì)胞中磷脂“自然嵌合”的桿狀病毒葉酸修飾
王麗英,文莉,呂誠,林毅,龐代文
(武漢大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)分析化學(xué)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,化學(xué)與分子科學(xué)學(xué)院,病毒學(xué)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,高等研究院,武漢430072)
關(guān)鍵詞桿狀病毒;葉酸;修飾;磷脂;宿主細(xì)胞
中圖分類號O652
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼A
聯(lián)系人簡介:林毅,女,博士,副教授,主要從事表面分析化學(xué)及納米生物技術(shù)研究.E-mail: ylin@ whu.edu.cn
桿狀病毒是節(jié)肢動(dòng)物特異性的DNA病毒,具有載體容量大、增殖滴度高、易于大量擴(kuò)增且對脊椎動(dòng)物無致病性等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在新型基因載體及疫苗開發(fā)等方面具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景[1,2].然而,桿狀病毒缺乏對脊椎動(dòng)物細(xì)胞的靶向性,因此有必要對桿狀病毒進(jìn)行修飾[3~5].葉酸( FA)是一種人體必需的維生素,具有分子量小、穩(wěn)定性好、無免疫原性及易于與其它載體或藥物鍵合等優(yōu)點(diǎn).由于葉酸受體在多種腫瘤細(xì)胞中過度表達(dá),葉酸已成為一種常見的通用型腫瘤靶向分子[6~9].本文采用宿主細(xì)胞中磷脂“自然嵌合”的方法,在細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)的同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了葉酸修飾磷脂對細(xì)胞膜的修飾;利用桿狀病毒對該葉酸修飾宿主細(xì)胞的侵染及在其中復(fù)制的過程,實(shí)現(xiàn)了桿狀病毒包膜的葉酸修飾.
1.1試劑葉酸功能化二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺( DSPE-PEG2000-FA,美國NANOCS公司) ;胎牛血清( FBS,GIBCO公司) ;草地貪夜蛾( Sf9)細(xì)胞購于武漢大學(xué)典型物保藏中心;桿狀病毒為本實(shí)驗(yàn)室構(gòu)建的在病毒衣殼蛋白VP39上融合了綠色熒光蛋白( GFP)的重組桿狀病毒.其它試劑均為分析純.
1.2實(shí)驗(yàn)過程將宿主Sf9細(xì)胞在含有0. 03 mg/mL DSPE-PEG2000-FA的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液中懸浮培養(yǎng)5 d,以感染復(fù)數(shù)MOI=0. 5接種桿狀病毒.當(dāng)約80%細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)明顯病變時(shí)收取上層清液.將桿狀病毒上清液置于50 mL離心管中,在6500 r/mim轉(zhuǎn)速下離心15 min,經(jīng)0. 45 μm過濾器過濾后超速離心.在離心管底部加入6 mL 25%蔗糖/PBS緩沖溶液作為緩沖墊,緩慢加入初步處理的病毒清液,在22300 r/min轉(zhuǎn)速下離心3 h,棄去上層清液,沉淀用PBS( pH=7. 2)溶解,再次超速離心進(jìn)行脫糖.
2.1宿主Sf9細(xì)胞的葉酸修飾將在含有DSPE-PEG2000-FA的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液中培養(yǎng)5 d的Sf9細(xì)胞接種于共聚焦小皿中,在4℃下與葉酸抗體( anti-FA)孵育過夜.以Dylight488標(biāo)記的二抗在37℃下孵育并文[10,11]利用生物素化磷脂對細(xì)胞膜的“自然嵌合”實(shí)現(xiàn)細(xì)胞膜結(jié)構(gòu)修飾的報(bào)道一致.所用不同濃度的DSPE-PEG2000-FA對Sf9細(xì)胞無明顯毒性(圖2),因此可用于宿主細(xì)胞的修飾.
Fig.1 Bright field images( A,D),fluorescence images( B,E) and their merge( C,F(xiàn)) of Dylight 488 immunofluorescence labeled Sf9 cells incubated without( A—C) and with( D—F) DSPE-PEG2000-FA modification
Fig.2 MTT assay for the toxicity of different concentrations of DSPE-PEG2000-FA incubated with Sf9 cells
2.2桿狀病毒的葉酸修飾如Scheme 1所示,采用桿狀病毒對制備的葉酸修飾的宿主Sf9細(xì)胞( FA-Sf9細(xì)胞)進(jìn)行感染,細(xì)胞病變后收取上層清液并進(jìn)行分離純化.由于在所用桿狀病毒的基因組中插入了可在病毒衣殼蛋白VP39標(biāo)記綠色熒光蛋白( GFP)的基因,因此病毒組裝后衣殼上可以表達(dá)GFP,以便對病毒完整性及葉酸標(biāo)記效率進(jìn)行觀察.將40 μL純化后的病毒液滴加到潔凈蓋玻片上,以Dylight 649標(biāo)記的葉酸二抗進(jìn)行免疫標(biāo)記,置于激光共聚焦顯微鏡下觀察.如圖3所示,采用宿主細(xì)胞中磷脂“自然嵌合”的方法,可觀察到病毒衣殼蛋白VP39上表達(dá)的GFP及免疫熒光標(biāo)記葉酸的信號,且二者共定位效率為( 85. 9±1. 2) %( N=200).此結(jié)果表明,采用宿主細(xì)胞中磷脂“自然嵌合”的方法可實(shí)現(xiàn)桿狀病毒的葉酸修飾,且具有較高的效率.
Scheme 1 Schematic illustration of the modification of baculovirus with folic acid( FA) assisted by host Sf9 cells incubated with FA functionalized lipids
Fig.3 Bright field images( A,D),fluorescence images of GFP( green) labeled and dylight 649( red) inmmunofluorescence labeled FA-baculovirus( B,E) and their merge on glass coverslips( C,F(xiàn))
由透射電子顯微鏡( TEM)照片(圖4)可見,宿主細(xì)胞中磷脂“自然嵌合”修飾的病毒( FA-BV)保持了很好的完整性.采用TCID50測得相同感染復(fù)數(shù)( MOI= 0. 5)下獲得的葉酸修飾病毒的滴度為3. 25× 106TCID50/mL,表明修飾后桿狀病毒保持了對宿主細(xì)胞的感染能力.
Fig.4 TEM images of BV( A) and FA-BV( B)
綜上所述,采用宿主細(xì)胞中磷脂“自然嵌合”法實(shí)現(xiàn)了桿狀病毒包膜的葉酸修飾.該方法利用了葉酸功能化磷脂在細(xì)胞膜上的“自然嵌合”過程及桿狀病毒在宿主細(xì)胞內(nèi)的自然復(fù)制過程,操作簡便且最大程度保持了病毒的包膜完整性及感染能力,可基于該方法快速、高效地獲得葉酸修飾的桿狀病毒.
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Modification of Baculovirus with Folic Acid based on Phospholipids Self-insertion in Host Cells?
WANG Liying,WEN Li,LüCheng,LIN Yi*,PANG Daiwen
( Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine,Ministry of Education,College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Virology,the Institute for Advanced Studies,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)
?Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China( No.2011CB933600),the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( Nos.21275111,21535005) and the China Scholarship Council( No.201406275115).
Abstract Baculovirus has the advantages such as outstanding biosafety,large cloning capacity and non-replication in the transduced cells.However,their in vivo applications are hampered for lacking of specificity.Therefore,modification of baculovirus with targeting molecules is urgently needed.Herein,a method is proposed for the modification of folic acid( FA) on baculovirus based on phospho-lipids self-insertionin host cells.Immunofluorescent colocalization and transmission electron microscope( TEM) results showed that the modified baculovirus kept their integrity while maintaining their infectivity.Thus the method offers opportunities for the development of tumor-targeting gene vectors and vaccines.
Keywords Baculovirus; Folic acid; Modification; Lipid; Host cell
( Ed.: N,K)
基金項(xiàng)目:國家“九七三”計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(批準(zhǔn)號: 2011CB933600)、國家自然科學(xué)基金(批準(zhǔn)號: 21275111,21535005)和國家留學(xué)基金(批準(zhǔn)號: 201406275115)資助.
收稿日期:2015-11-19.網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版日期: 2016-01-06.
doi:10.7503/cjcu20150886