河南 樊新裝
代詞考點聚焦
河南 樊新裝
語法填空題針對代詞的考查,有的在空后給出了提示詞,有的則是純空格題,而代詞的種類繁多,因此有必要研究其高考的命題趨勢。
【考例1】(2015·廣東卷)Now it occurred to_25_ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
【解析】him。根據(jù)常用句式“It occurred to sb. that...(某人突然想到……)”和語境可知,空格處應(yīng)填him。
【考例2】(安徽省皖南八校2016屆高三聯(lián)考)She couldn’t thank_68_(I) enough and was shocked that I had done such a thoughtful thing for her.
【解析】me??崭裉幾鱰hank的賓語,故應(yīng)填me。
【考例3】(山東省淄博市實驗中學2016屆高三診斷考試)Every online student must keep_70_in mind that proper management of time and study schedule is the key towards success in this format.
【解析】it??崭裉帪樾问劫e語,而真正的賓語則是空格后that引導的賓語從句,故應(yīng)填it。
【知識拓展】人稱代詞it的用法很廣泛,可用于指時間、距離、價格、長度、日期、天氣等,還可作為形式主語或形式賓語使用。
(1)it作形式賓語的常用句式:
①think/believe/make/find/consider/feel+形式賓語it+ adj./n.+to do sth./that從句
②enjoy/hate/love/like/dislike/appreciate/prefer+形式賓語it+when /if從句
③動詞+形式賓語it+介詞短語+賓語從句(常用這一結(jié)構(gòu)的主要有:take it for granted that...;bring it to sb.’s attention that...;owe it to sb. that...等)
(2)it作形式主語的常用句式:
①It takes sb. some time to do sth.
②It is+adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.
③It is+said/reported/believed/thought/suggested/hoped+ that...
【考例1】(2015·全國新課標卷Ⅰ)A few hours earlier,I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with__63_(it) choking smog. Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.
【解析】its??崭裉幵诰渲凶髅~的定語,故應(yīng)填形容詞性物主代詞its。
【考例2】(湖南省岳陽縣一中2016屆高三階段考試)At first she took my hands in_69_(she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries.
【解析】hers??崭裉幾髻e語,指代的是“her hands”,故應(yīng)填名詞性物主代詞。
【技巧點撥】物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分,前者只能作定語,而后者可作主語、賓語和表語,答題時,注意結(jié)合好空格處的作用和指代的內(nèi)容。
【考例1】(2014·上海卷)I had this idea a few years ago but I couldnt’ find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted,so I did it by (36)_______.
【解析】myself?!癰y oneself(單獨,獨自,自己)”為介詞短語,故應(yīng)填反身代詞myself。
【考例2】(安徽省江南十校2016屆高三聯(lián)考)Visibility(能見度)is often very poor,so drivers never allow _65_(them) to become separated from their team of dogs.
【解析】themselves??崭裉幾髻e語,指代空前的司機本人,故應(yīng)填themselves。
【技巧點撥】反身代詞可在句中作賓語、表語或同位語,答題時,要結(jié)合好語境或相關(guān)短語做出判斷。
【考例1】(2011·廣東卷)He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice;it made_25_of us feel good.
【解析】both??崭裉幾髻e語,結(jié)合空格處的語境“這使我們兩個都感覺良好”可知,應(yīng)填不定代詞both。
【考例2】(全國名校聯(lián)盟2016屆高三聯(lián)考)_65_ I wanted to do is have someone send me home.
【解析】All/What。is之前為主語,根據(jù)語境可填寫不定代詞All(“I wanted to do”為定語從句,省略了關(guān)系詞that),也可使用What引導主語從句(作do的賓語)。
【技巧點撥】不定代詞有both,all,neither,another,either,each,none等,考查形式以純空格題為主,分析題干時,需要把不定代詞的用法與空格處所作成分緊密結(jié)合起來。
【考例1】(2015·全國新課標卷Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_64_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
【解析】that/which?!皌he limestone mountain tops and dark waters”為定語從句的先行詞,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,故應(yīng)填that/ which。
【考例2】(嘉峪關(guān)市一中2016屆高三模擬)But now I have already been bought by my present owner,_49_will peel off my skin even after I am dead,and make me useful.
【解析】who。先行詞指人,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,故用who作為定語從句的引導詞。
【技巧點撥】關(guān)系代詞有6個,即that,which,who,whom,as,whose,用于引導定語從句,并在從句中作主語、賓語、定語等,分析題干時,一方面要找準先行詞,另一方面還要結(jié)合好關(guān)系代詞在從句中所作的句子成分及關(guān)系代詞的具體用法等。
【考例1】(2015·上海卷)The temptation to see __3__6_is connecting him is just too great.
【解析】who??崭裉幵谫e語從句中作主語,且用于指人,由此結(jié)合語境可知,who符合題意。
【考例2】(湖北省襄陽市四校2016屆高三聯(lián)考)As a student,I hope that the young can focus more attention on practicing__70_they learn.
【解析】what。what用于引導賓語從句,并在從句中作learn的賓語。
【技巧點撥】連接代詞常用的有what,which,who,whom,whose等,主要用于引導名詞性從句,答題時,首先要確定好從句的種類,然后進一步分析空格處在從句中所作的成分,有時還需要結(jié)合語境才能確定答案。