走近高考寫作新題型
——讀后續(xù)寫和概要寫作

《普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語科考試說明（高考綜合改革試驗省份試用）（第一版）》已經公布。作為高考改革的試驗省份，浙江省的英語新高考安排在每年的10月份和第二年的6月份。而2016年10月份開始的浙江新高考英語題型發(fā)生了重大變化，其中的寫作部分由兩節(jié)組成：第一節(jié)為應用文寫作（詞數(shù)80左右，滿分15分）；第二節(jié)為讀后續(xù)寫或概要寫作（滿分25分）。對廣大師生來說，讀后續(xù)寫和概要寫作是一種全新的題型。

一、總體要求

讀后續(xù)寫或概要寫作兩種形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。

題型1：讀后續(xù)寫。提供一段350詞以內的語言材料，要求考生依據(jù)該材料內容、所給段落開頭語和所標示關鍵詞進行續(xù)寫（150詞左右），將其發(fā)展成一篇與給定材料有邏輯銜接、情節(jié)和結構完整的短文。閱卷時將主要考慮以下內容：

（1）與所給短文及段落開頭語的銜接程度；

（2）內容的豐富性和對所給關鍵詞語的覆蓋情況；

（3）應用語法結構和詞匯的豐富性和準確性；

（4）上下文的連貫性。

題型2：概要寫作。提供一篇350詞以內的短文，要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內容概要。閱卷時將主要考慮以下內容：

（1）對原文要點的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；

（2）應用語法結構和詞匯的準確性；

（3）上下文的連貫性；

（4）對各要點表達的獨立性情況。

二、評分標準

（一）讀后續(xù)寫

【評分原則】

1.本題總分為25分，按5個檔次給分。

2.評分時，先根據(jù)所續(xù)寫短文的內容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調整檔次，最后給分。

3.詞數(shù)少于130的，從總分中減去2分。

4.評分時，應主要從以下四個方面考慮：

（1）與所給短文及段落開頭語的銜接程度；

（2）內容的豐富性和對所標出關鍵詞語的應用情況；

（3）應用語法結構和詞匯的豐富性和準確性；

（4）上下文的連貫性。

5.拼寫與標點符號是語言準確性的一個重要方面，評分時，應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。

6.如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分數(shù)降低一個檔次。

【各檔次的給分范圍和要求】

檔 次描 述第五檔（21~25）—與所給短文融洽度高，與所提供各段落開頭語銜接合理—內容豐富，應用了5個以上短文中標出的關鍵詞語—所使用語法結構和詞匯豐富、準確，可能有些許錯誤，但完全不影響意義表達—有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所續(xù)寫短文結構緊湊第四檔（16~20）—與所給短文融洽度較高，與所提供各段落開頭語銜接較為合理—內容比較豐富，應用了5個以上短文中標出的關鍵詞語—所使用語法結構和詞匯較為豐富、準確，可能有些許錯誤，但不影響意義表達—比較有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所續(xù)寫短文結構緊湊第三檔（11~15）—與所給短文關系較為密切，與所提供各段落開頭語有一定程度的銜接—寫出了若干有關內容，應用了4個以上短文中標出的關鍵詞語—應用的語法結構和詞匯能滿足任務的要求，雖有一些錯誤，但不影響意義表達—應用簡單的語句間連接成分，使全文內容連貫第二檔（6~10）—與所給短文有一定的關系，與所提供各段落開頭語有一定程度的銜接—寫出了一些有關內容，應用了3個以上短文中標出的關鍵詞語—語法結構單調，詞匯項目有限，有些語法結構和詞匯方面的錯誤，影響了意義的表達—較少使用語句間的連接成分，全文內容缺少連貫性第一檔（1~5）—與所提供短文和開頭語的銜接較差—產出內容太少，很少使用短文中標出的關鍵詞語—語法結構單調，詞匯項目很有限，有較多語法結構和詞匯方面的錯誤，嚴重影響了意義的表達—缺乏語句間的連接成分，全文內容不連貫0分白卷、內容太少無法評判或所寫內容與所提供內容無關

（二）概要寫作

【評分原則】

1.本題總分為25分，按5個檔次給分。

2.評分時，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調整檔次，最后給分。

3.詞數(shù)少于40的和多于80的，從總分中減去2分。

4.評分時，應主要從以下四個方面考慮：

（1）對原文要點的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；

（2）應用語法結構和詞匯的準確性；

（3）上下文的連貫性；

（4）對各要點表達的獨立性情況。

5.拼寫與標點符號是語言準確性的一個重要方面，評分時，應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。

6.如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分數(shù)降低一個檔次。

【各檔次的給分范圍和要求】

檔 次描 述第五檔（21~25）—理解準確，涵蓋全部要點—能準確使用相應的語法結構和詞匯—有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結構緊湊—完全使用自己的語言第四檔（16~20）—理解準確，涵蓋絕大部分要點—所使用語法結構和詞匯可能有些許錯誤，但完全不影響意義表達—比較有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結構緊湊—有個別整句抄自原文第三檔（11~15）—理解較為準確，涵蓋大部分要點—所使用語法結構和詞匯雖有些錯誤，但不影響意義表達—應用簡單的語句間連接成分，使上下文內容連貫—出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象第二檔（6~10）—理解有誤差，僅涵蓋半數(shù)要點—有些語法結構和詞匯方面的錯誤，影響了意義的表達—較少使用語句間的連接成分，全文內容缺少連貫性—出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象第一檔（1~5）—沒有理解原文，造成概要內容與原文主題不符—有較多語法結構和詞匯方面的錯誤，嚴重影響了意義的表達—缺乏語句間的連接成分，全文內容不連貫—多個句子抄自原文0分白卷、內容太少無法評判或所寫內容與所提供內容無關

三、考綱樣題

【讀后續(xù)寫】閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。

A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank，he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldn’t get the car moving. Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and asked，“It looks like you’ve got a problem，”Arthur said.

“I’m afraid so. I’m in a big hurry and I can’t start my car.”

“Is there something I can do to help?”Arthur asked. The young man looked at the two suitcases in the back seat and then said，“Thanks. If you’re sure it wouldn’t be too much trouble，you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.”

“No trouble at all. I’d be glad to help.”

The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on the ground，he turned to get the other one. Just as Arthur picked up the first suitcase and started walking，he heard the long loud noise of an alarm.

It was from the bank. There had been a robbery（搶劫）!

Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions. Cars stopped and the passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other，“What happened?”But everyone had a different answer.

Arthur，still carrying the suitcase，turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him.

She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised.“Why is she looking at me like that?”he thought，“The suitcase! She thinks I’m the bank thief!”

Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened，and without another thought，he started to run.

注意：

1. 所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為150左右；

2. 應使用5個以上短文中標有下畫線的關鍵詞語；

本文提出了變系數(shù)降頻模型預測直接功率控制,首先對三相并網(wǎng)逆變器進行了數(shù)學建模,然后對模型預測直接功率控制的原理進行了介紹,進而重點對定系數(shù)降頻模型預測控制和變系數(shù)降頻模型預測控制進行了深入分析。最后采用仿真和實驗研究驗證了所提策略的有效性,達到降低開關頻率,確保系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運行的目的。

3. 續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；

4. 續(xù)寫完成后，請用下畫線標出你所使用的關鍵詞語。

Paragraph 1：

As he was running，Arthur heard the young man shouting behind，“Stop，stop!”

Paragraph 2：

The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur... _

One Possible Version：

As he was running，Arthur heard the young man shouting behind，“Stop，stop!”And also at the moment，Arthur suddenly realized that the young man might be the bank robber. So Arthur didn’t stop，but continued to run until he saw a taxi. He stopped it，jumped in with the suitcase and said to the driver，“Go to the police station，please. The man shouting behind is the bank thief!”The taxi raced away like the wind.

The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur told the police what had happened. Obviously，the police had already learned about the robbery. They opened the suitcase and there was a large sum of money inside，as Arthur had expected. Then the police asked Arthur to describe the young man and the other suitcase. Later，with the information，the police caught the robber. The police and the bank both thanked Arthur a lot.

Another Possible Version：

As he was running，Arthur heard the young man shouting behind，“Stop，stop!”Thinking of the way the young man had behaved，he realized the young man might be the bank robber. So Arthur ran faster and stopped a taxi. The moment he got into the taxi，he told the driver the man shouting behind was the bank thief and asked him to drive to the nearest police station. The driver followed what Arthur said and drove away.

The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur thanked the driver and directly went in. Just as Arthur was describing what had happened near the bank on the Park Avenue and reported the young man to the police，he heard a voice outside，“Help! Help!”To the surprise of Arthur，it was the young man. He had followed Arthur in another taxi. It turned out that the young man was innocent and inside the suitcases were just some clothes. Arthur felt embarrassed but the policemen thanked him anyway.

【概要寫作】閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。

Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing. However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry Ⅳ，King of France，was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief in the merit（好處）of dirt was longlived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist（免疫學家），encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter （后者）position is gaining some ground.

One Possible Version：

People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.（要點1）For a long time in history，people of some European countries，such as France，believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.（要點2）However，people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.（要點3）However，some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.（要點4）

（文章摘自教育部考試大綱說明，有刪改）