韓丹,袁雁雯,張潔,徐巖,靳二虎*,賀文*
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原發(fā)性膽汁性肝硬化磁共振成像表現(xiàn)與病理分期的相關(guān)性研究
韓丹1,袁雁雯2,張潔1,徐巖1,靳二虎1*,賀文1*
[摘要]目的 探討原發(fā)性膽汁性肝硬化(PBC)的MRI表現(xiàn)及其與病理分期的相關(guān)性。材料與方法 回顧性分析我院確診的50例PBC患者(觀察組)和44例因其他疾病所致肝硬化患者(對(duì)照組)的肝臟MRI表現(xiàn)及臨床、病理資料。PBC的嚴(yán)重程度根據(jù)病理組織學(xué)改變分為Ⅰ~Ⅳ期。分析并比較以上兩組患者的MRI表現(xiàn)有無差別,探討不同病理分期PBC的MRI征象異同。結(jié)果 PBC常見的MRI表現(xiàn)主要包括T2WI肝實(shí)質(zhì)信號(hào)強(qiáng)度不均勻、門靜脈周圍長T2信號(hào)、門靜脈周圍暈征、肝內(nèi)膽管數(shù)目減少及管徑狹小、花邊樣肝纖維化、節(jié)段性肝萎縮或肥大、腹腔淋巴結(jié)增大、腹水及脾大。比較PBC與其他原因肝硬化的MRI征象發(fā)現(xiàn),兩組間門靜脈周圍暈征(χ2=6.887, P<0.05)、肝內(nèi)膽管減少及管徑狹小(χ2=5.537, P<0.05)和淋巴結(jié)增大(χ2=22.297, P<0.05)的顯示率在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上有顯著性差異。在病理分期不同的PBC患者中,Ⅱ期與Ⅲ期之間門靜脈周圍暈征(P<0.05)和肝內(nèi)膽管減少及管徑狹小(P<0.05)的顯示率有顯著性差異,而淋巴結(jié)增大(P>0.05)的顯示率無顯著性差異。結(jié)論 PBC的MRI表現(xiàn)與病理分期具有相關(guān)性,MRI檢查有助于評(píng)估PBC病變的嚴(yán)重程度。
[關(guān)鍵詞]肝硬化, 膽汁性;磁共振成像;病理學(xué)
北京市優(yōu)秀人才培養(yǎng)資助項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):2013B008001000009)
作者單位:
1. 首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬北京友誼醫(yī)院放射科,北京,100050
2. 北京市第一中西醫(yī)結(jié)合醫(yī)院放射科,北京,100026
靳二虎,E-mail: erhujin@263.net;賀文,E-mail: hewen1724@sina.com
韓丹, 袁雁雯, 張潔, 等. 原發(fā)性膽汁性肝硬化磁共振成像表現(xiàn)與病理分期的相關(guān)性研究. 磁共振成像, 2016, 7(3): 191-197.
原發(fā)性膽汁性肝硬化(primary biliary cirrhosis,PBC)是一種自身免疫性疾病,特征性病變是肝內(nèi)中小膽管發(fā)生進(jìn)行性非化膿性破壞性炎癥和血清中出現(xiàn)高滴度抗線粒體抗體(antimitochondrial antibody,AMA),進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致慢性膽汁淤積、門靜脈周圍炎癥、肝纖維化、肝硬化,最終肝衰竭[1–2]。PBC病因不明,可能與免疫、環(huán)境、遺傳等因素有關(guān)[3]。臨床上,PBC好發(fā)于中年女性,進(jìn)展隱襲,病程分為潛伏期、無癥狀期、有癥狀期及肝衰竭期[4-8]。有些PBC患者合并其他的自身免疫性疾病,其中以干燥綜合征和自身免疫性甲狀腺炎最常見[9]。
近年來隨著實(shí)驗(yàn)室對(duì)血清標(biāo)志物檢測技術(shù)的改進(jìn),臨床上PBC的患者數(shù)正逐年增多[10]。由于病情發(fā)展至肝衰竭期的患者只能通過肝移植予以治療,因此早期診斷至關(guān)重要。影像檢查不僅可以及時(shí)提示診斷、評(píng)估病變嚴(yán)重程度,還是日后隨訪患者、了解病變進(jìn)展的重要手段。常用的影像檢查技術(shù)有CT、MRI、MR胰膽管成像(MRcholangiopancreatography,MRCP)和超聲檢查。MRI和(或) MRCP檢查的優(yōu)勢包括軟組織分辨力高、提供的信息量大、無電離輻射、安全性高、有利于多次復(fù)查等,故已在臨床上用于PBC診斷[11–12]。然而,目前文獻(xiàn)中尚缺乏比較PBC與其他原因肝硬化MRI表現(xiàn)異同以及分析PBC患者M(jìn)RI征象與病理組織學(xué)分期相關(guān)性的研究報(bào)道。為提高對(duì)PBC各種MRI征象及其診斷價(jià)值的認(rèn)識(shí),筆者通過比較研究PBC與其他原因肝硬化患者的臨床及MRI表現(xiàn),著重探討PBC的MRI特征及其與病理分期的相關(guān)性。
1.1 臨床資料
選取2006年至2015年在我院確診的50例PBC患者作為觀察組,其中男16例,女34例,年齡范圍33~83歲,平均年齡54.3歲。本組PBC診斷符合以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即三個(gè)客觀性指標(biāo)中至少二項(xiàng)存在:(1)血清AMA≥1∶40;(2)血清堿性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)水平在正常上限1.5倍以上超過6個(gè)月;(3)肝臟病理檢查見非化膿性膽管炎和小葉間膽管破壞[13-14]。對(duì)照組選擇同時(shí)期因其他疾病導(dǎo)致肝硬化的44例患者(男28例,女16例,年齡范圍35~67歲,平均年齡55.9歲),其中包括肝炎后肝硬化16例,酒精性肝硬化18例,營養(yǎng)不良性肝硬化7例,隱源性肝硬化3例。以下情況為入選排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)肝臟有多發(fā)的局灶性病變或多個(gè)病灶的最大徑之和大于5 cm;(2)門靜脈及主要分支有癌栓或血栓;(3)有膽道手術(shù)史;(4)肝外膽管梗阻及梗阻性黃疸;(5)細(xì)菌性膽管炎;(6)肝腎功能嚴(yán)重?fù)p害;(7)嚴(yán)重貧血;(8)大量腹水;(9)右側(cè)胸腔積液[15-17]。所有患者均有完整的臨床和MRI檢查資料。本研究獲得首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬北京友誼醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者在MRI檢查時(shí)簽署知情同意書。
PBC病理組織學(xué)分期:本組PBC患者均行超聲導(dǎo)向經(jīng)皮右肝穿刺活檢和病理組織學(xué)檢查及分期[18]?;谀懝軗p傷情況將PBC分為四期[19]:I期為膽管炎期,小葉間膽管和間隔膽管出現(xiàn)慢性炎癥,受損膽管周圍淋巴細(xì)胞、漿細(xì)胞浸潤或形成肉芽腫,但匯管區(qū)炎癥未累及肝實(shí)質(zhì),無膽汁淤積(8例);Ⅱ期為匯管區(qū)周圍炎期,隨著小葉間膽管數(shù)目不斷減少,匯管區(qū)周圍的細(xì)膽管反應(yīng)性增生,炎癥累及鄰近肝實(shí)質(zhì)并破壞肝細(xì)胞,常見灶性壞死和膽汁淤積(16例);Ⅲ期為進(jìn)行性纖維化期,炎癥及纖維化進(jìn)展使匯管區(qū)不斷擴(kuò)大,形成的纖維間隔逐漸增寬,淤膽加重(20例);Ⅳ期為肝硬化期,纖維間隔將肝實(shí)質(zhì)分隔成拼圖樣結(jié)節(jié),再生結(jié)節(jié)和假小葉形成(6例)。
1.2 MRI檢查技術(shù)
MRI檢查前患者禁食4~6 h。掃描機(jī)為Signa Excite HD 3.0 T,體部8通道相共振線圈成像。軸面脂肪抑制T2加權(quán)快速自旋回波(FS FSE)序列掃描參數(shù):TR 6000 ms,TE 110 ms,反轉(zhuǎn)角90°,激發(fā)次數(shù)2,層厚7 mm,層間隔1.5 mm,F(xiàn)OV 38 cm×29 cm,矩陣288×224,呼吸門控下掃描時(shí)間2 min 30 s。軸面化學(xué)位移雙回波成像掃描參數(shù):重復(fù)時(shí)間TR 224 ms,同相位成像回波時(shí)間TE 2.4 ms,反相位成像回波時(shí)間TE 5.8 ms,反轉(zhuǎn)角80°,激發(fā)次數(shù)2,層厚6 mm,矩陣288 cm× 192 cm,屏氣掃描17 s。冠狀及斜冠狀面MRCP采用二維厚層單次激發(fā)快速自旋回波(SSFSE)序列屏氣掃描,具體參數(shù):TR 10 000 ms,TE 601 ms,反轉(zhuǎn)角90°,激發(fā)次數(shù)0.55,層厚50 mm,F(xiàn)OV 35 cm×35 cm,矩陣252×224。靜脈注射含釓對(duì)比劑馬根維顯(劑量0.2 ml/kg,流率2 ml/s)后進(jìn)行三維梯度快速擾相T1加權(quán)(FSPGR)序列成像,在延遲時(shí)間23 s、70 s及240 s時(shí)分別獲得肝臟動(dòng)脈期、門脈期及延遲期圖像。FSPGR掃描參數(shù):TR 2.8 ms,TE 1.2 ms,反轉(zhuǎn)角12°,激發(fā)次數(shù)0.8,層厚3 mm,F(xiàn)OV 42 cm×38 cm,矩陣288×180,屏氣掃描8 s。以上均采取仰臥位掃描,掃描野覆蓋肝臟,屏氣掃描時(shí)在呼氣末期聽指令暫停呼吸。
1.3 影像分析
由2名熟悉肝膽影像的放射科醫(yī)師共同評(píng)價(jià)入組PBC和其他原因肝硬化患者的MRI和MRCP表現(xiàn),閱片前對(duì)患者的最后診斷和病理組織學(xué)分期保持未知。參考文獻(xiàn)指標(biāo)及判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[20],本研究察項(xiàng)目主要包括肝臟形態(tài)、肝實(shí)質(zhì)信號(hào)強(qiáng)度、門靜脈周圍信號(hào)強(qiáng)度、肝內(nèi)膽管數(shù)目減少或狹窄以及肝門區(qū)淋巴結(jié)改變。判斷肝內(nèi)膽管數(shù)目減少的標(biāo)準(zhǔn):膽管形態(tài)僵硬伴三級(jí)膽管顯示不足50%,二級(jí)膽管顯示不到75%,一級(jí)膽管直徑小于2 mm,符合任何一項(xiàng)即可;肝內(nèi)膽管狹窄定義為上游膽管擴(kuò)張而下游管徑較小或不可見。2名閱片者有不同意見時(shí)需要通過討論統(tǒng)一意見,記錄結(jié)果。比較觀察組和對(duì)照組肝硬化患者M(jìn)RI表現(xiàn)的異同,分析PBC患者各種MRI征象與病理分期的相關(guān)性。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析
采用SPSS 17.5軟件對(duì)觀察數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。以卡方檢驗(yàn)比較PBC和其他原因肝硬化患者的MRI表現(xiàn)差異,以秩和檢驗(yàn)分析PBC患者各種MRI征象與病理組織學(xué)分期的相關(guān)性。P<0.05被認(rèn)為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 PBC患者和其他肝硬化患者的MRI表現(xiàn)
本組PBC常見的MRI和MRCP征象主要包括T2WI肝實(shí)質(zhì)信號(hào)強(qiáng)度不均勻、門靜脈周圍長T2信號(hào)(圖1)、門靜脈周圍暈征(圖2)、肝內(nèi)膽管數(shù)目減少和管徑狹小(圖3)、肝實(shí)質(zhì)花邊樣纖維化(圖4)、肝門或門腔靜脈間隙淋巴結(jié)增大(圖5)、脾門前靜脈血管增粗迂曲(圖6)以及動(dòng)脈期小片狀肝實(shí)質(zhì)一過性異常強(qiáng)化(圖7),這些征象在觀察組和對(duì)照組肝硬化患者的出現(xiàn)頻率有所不同(表1)。統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析表明,PBC患者的門靜脈周圍暈征(χ2=6.887,P<0.05)、肝內(nèi)膽管數(shù)目減少和管徑狹小(χ2=5.537,P<0.05)以及肝門淋巴結(jié)增大(χ2=22.297,P<0.05)的顯示率顯著高于對(duì)照組,兩組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.2 PBC主要MRI征象與病理分期的相關(guān)性
本組50例PBC患者中,對(duì)肝穿活檢標(biāo)本進(jìn)行病理組織學(xué)分期結(jié)果如下:Ⅰ期8例,Ⅱ期16例,Ⅲ期20例,Ⅳ期6例。在前文顯示率較高的三個(gè)MRI征象中,門靜脈周圍暈征、肝內(nèi)膽管減少和管徑狹小在病理組Ⅰ~Ⅳ期PBC之間的顯示率有顯著性差異(P<0.05)(表2)。進(jìn)一步在組內(nèi)依次比較兩組數(shù)據(jù)表明,此兩種征象的顯示率差異在病理組織學(xué)Ⅱ期與Ⅲ期之間有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,而在病理組織學(xué)I期與Ⅱ期以及Ⅲ期與Ⅳ期之間無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。門靜脈周圍淋巴結(jié)增大在不同病理分期PBC之間的顯示率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
近年來PBC的實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測技術(shù)有了巨大進(jìn)步,早期診斷、及時(shí)治療使大多數(shù)患者的病情得到有效控制而不會(huì)發(fā)展為肝硬化。為減輕病名中肝硬化給患者造成的過度精神負(fù)擔(dān),2015年國內(nèi)外多個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體倡議將原發(fā)性膽汁性肝硬化更名為原發(fā)性膽汁性膽管炎(primary biliary cholangitis),但英文縮寫保留PBC。隨著MRI和MRCP檢查在診斷肝膽疾病應(yīng)用的增多,PBC的影像表現(xiàn)及其與病理改變的關(guān)系逐漸引起人們的關(guān)注,但相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)稀少。為提高對(duì)PBC的影像診斷水平,筆者進(jìn)行了這方面的觀察和總結(jié)。
3.1 T2WI上門靜脈周圍高信號(hào)
圖1 女性患者,57歲,PBC早期,軸面FSE FS T2WI顯示肝實(shí)質(zhì)信號(hào)強(qiáng)度尚均勻,門靜脈周圍見條形高信號(hào)(箭)Fig. 1 Axial fat-saturated FSE T2-weighted image shows homogeneous T2 signal intensity in the liver parenchyma and linear periportal hyperintensity (arrows) in a 57-year-old woman with primary biliary cirrhosis in early stage.
圖2 男性患者,75歲,PBC晚期,軸面FSE FS T2WI (A)和FSPGR動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描門脈期圖像(B)顯示多發(fā)的以門靜脈為中心分布的環(huán)形低信號(hào)(箭),T2WI上見肝實(shí)質(zhì)信號(hào)強(qiáng)度不均勻及包膜下少量高信號(hào)腹水Fig. 2 Axial fat-saturated FSE T2-weighted image (A) and dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image of portal venous phase (B) show multiple rounded low-signal intensity centered on portal venous branches (periportal halo sign, arrows) in a 75-year-old man with primary biliary cirrhosis in late stage, the MR signal intensity in the liver parenchyma is heterogeneous and small ascites with high signal intensity is obvious beneath the capsule on T2WI.
圖3 女性患者,55歲,PBC晚期,冠狀面MRCP顯示肝內(nèi)膽管形態(tài)僵硬、數(shù)目減少、管徑狹小(箭)。肝包膜下見少量腹水的線形高信號(hào)Fig. 3 Coronal magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography shows stiff shape, decreased number and caliber of the intrahepatic bile ducts (arr ows) in a 55-year-old woman with primary biliary cirrhosis in late stage. Linear high signal intensity due to small ascites beneath the capsule is seen.
圖4 女性患者,74歲,PBC晚期,軸面FSE FS T2WI顯示肝實(shí)質(zhì)花邊樣纖維化(箭)Fig. 4 Axial fat-saturated FSE T2-weighted image shows liver parenchymal lace-like fibrosis (arrows) in a 74-year-old wom an with primary biliary cirrhosis in late stage.
圖5 女性患者,56歲,PBC晚期,軸面FSE FS T2WI顯示門靜脈周圍淋巴結(jié)腫大及融合(箭)Fig. 5 Axial fat-saturated FSE T2-weighted image shows enlargement and confluence of the periportal lymph nodes (arrows) in a 56-year-old woman with primary biliary cirrhosis in late stage.
圖6 女性患者,48歲,PBC晚期,軸面(A)和冠狀面(B)FSPGR動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描門脈期圖像顯示脾門前血管增粗迂曲(箭)Fig. 6 Axial (A) and coronal (B) dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images of portal venous phase show varices (arrows) adjac ent to the splenic hilum in a 48-year-old woman with primary biliary cirrhosis in late stage.
圖7 女性患者,52歲,PBC早期,軸面FSPGR動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描動(dòng)脈期圖像顯示肝5段楔形一過性異常強(qiáng)化(箭)Fig. 7 Axial dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image of arterial phase shows wedge-shaped transient hepatic parench ymal enhancement (arrow) in hepatic segment 5 in a 52-year-old woman with primary biliary cirrhosis in early stage.
筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),T2WI上門靜脈周圍的長T2信號(hào)是PBC最常見的MRI表現(xiàn),其形成可能與門靜脈周圍淋巴水腫、淋巴管擴(kuò)張、細(xì)小膽管增生以及匯管區(qū)炎細(xì)胞浸潤有關(guān),通常代表PBC病程中與非化膿性膽管炎相關(guān)的匯管區(qū)急性炎癥[11]。根據(jù)門靜脈走行方向相對(duì)于掃描層面的關(guān)系,門靜脈周圍長T2信號(hào)可表現(xiàn)為門靜脈主干及其分支血管周圍的條形或環(huán)狀高信號(hào)影。在T1WI增強(qiáng)掃描門脈期和延遲期圖像,上述T2WI高信號(hào)對(duì)應(yīng)門靜脈周圍不同程度的低信號(hào)改變,邊界清晰、整齊,提示門靜脈周圍的長T2信號(hào)主要反映局部含水增多。與其他疾病導(dǎo)致的肝硬化比較,盡管本組PBC門靜脈周圍長T2信號(hào)的顯示率較高,但兩組間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示門靜脈周圍長T2信號(hào)對(duì)診斷PBC不具有特異性。
表1 PBC和其他原因肝硬化常見MRI征象的顯示率[例(%)]Tab. 1 Visualizing frequency of MRI features in PBC and other cirrhosis-causing liver diseases [n (%)]
表2 PBC主要MRI征象與病理組織學(xué)分期的相關(guān)性Tab. 2 Correlation of main MRI findings and pathohistological staging in PBC
3.2 門靜脈周圍暈征
此征象幾乎可見于PBC的各個(gè)肝段,通常以門靜脈分支為中心分布,圓形或類圓形,在T1WI和T2WI均呈低信號(hào),對(duì)診斷PBC具有較高特異性。曾有研究指出,門靜脈周圍暈征主要見于門靜脈分支血管周圍,大小介于0.5~1.0 cm,通常多發(fā),無占位效應(yīng),其形成可能與門靜脈周圍組織纖維化以及肝細(xì)胞凋亡或壞死有關(guān)[12, 21]。與其他疾病導(dǎo)致的肝硬化比較,盡管本組PBC門靜脈周圍暈征的顯示率較高,但仍有近半數(shù)的PBC未見暈征。本組54%的PBC患者顯示暈征,高于Wenzel等報(bào)道的43%[12],而低于Haliloglu等[11]報(bào)道的69%,可能與各研究入組PBC患者的構(gòu)成和病期不同有關(guān)。
3.3 肝內(nèi)膽管數(shù)目減少和(或)管徑狹小
早期PBC的基本病變?yōu)橹睆?00 μm以下的間隔膽管和葉間膽管炎。隨著匯管區(qū)炎癥的進(jìn)展,肝內(nèi)膽管炎在T2WI表現(xiàn)為肝實(shí)質(zhì)信號(hào)不均勻和膽管周圍稍高信號(hào)[11]。本組中肝內(nèi)膽管數(shù)目減少和(或)管徑狹小主要見于晚期PBC(病理Ⅲ~I(xiàn)V期)。這可能反映匯管區(qū)膽管炎性破壞與消失、毛細(xì)膽管增生與膽栓形成、肝細(xì)胞分泌受阻與膽鹽淤積、較大膽管容納的膽汁不足、肝門區(qū)膽管狹小直至閉塞的病理生理過程[19]。本組資料肝內(nèi)膽管數(shù)目減少顯示率為56%,低于Haliloglu等[11]報(bào)道的69%,可見其診斷PBC不夠敏感。臨床上對(duì)于肝內(nèi)膽管狹窄的量化評(píng)價(jià)遠(yuǎn)比擴(kuò)張困難,尤其是彌漫性狹窄。在正常成年人,3.0 T超高場設(shè)備獲得的MRCP通??娠@示全部的一級(jí)、二級(jí)膽管以及不少于75%的三級(jí)膽管。1.5 T設(shè)備上MRCP的空間分辨率不如3.0 T,故顯示能力降低。實(shí)際的顯示率還受MRCP掃描技術(shù)(2D、3D)、飯前或飯后檢查、肝膽疾病嚴(yán)重程度、有無腹水、患者年齡、平靜呼吸及屏氣能力等因素影響。肝內(nèi)膽管狹窄也可見于原發(fā)性硬化性膽管炎(primary sclerosing cholangitis,PSC)。兩者鑒別點(diǎn)如下:PBC主要累及肝內(nèi)膽管,表現(xiàn)為彌漫性管徑狹小和數(shù)目減少;PSC可累及肝內(nèi)膽管和(或)肝外膽管,表現(xiàn)為不規(guī)則或節(jié)段性膽管狹窄與擴(kuò)張[11]。有學(xué)者認(rèn)為PBC和PSC可同時(shí)發(fā)生,稱為重疊綜合征,但臨床上很少見且存在爭議[22]。
3.4 門靜脈周圍淋巴結(jié)腫大
一般認(rèn)為,門靜脈周圍淋巴結(jié)的短徑大于1 cm為異常。PBC患者的淋巴結(jié)腫大是區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)對(duì)肝膽管炎性病變的反應(yīng)性增生或膨脹性腫大,其特點(diǎn)是在T1WI呈稍低信號(hào),在T2WI呈稍高信號(hào),病變淋巴結(jié)信號(hào)強(qiáng)度均勻(內(nèi)部無壞死區(qū)),邊界清晰,可見于肝門、肝胃韌帶、門腔靜脈間隙、腹膜后、腸系膜及心旁區(qū)[12, 23],一般呈良性過程。本組64% PBC患者顯示淋巴結(jié)腫大,直徑介于1~2 cm,主要位于肝門(35%)及門腔靜脈間隙(40%),這與文獻(xiàn)結(jié)果一致[23-24]。多發(fā)的淋巴結(jié)腫大可融合,有時(shí)形成不規(guī)則團(tuán)塊狀結(jié)構(gòu)或?qū)⑧徑难芡耆1狙芯拷Y(jié)果表明,與其他原因肝硬化患者的淋巴結(jié)腫大比較,PBC患者的淋巴結(jié)腫大更多更明顯,兩組的顯示率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示淋巴結(jié)腫大對(duì)于診斷PBC有一定支持作用。極少數(shù)情況下,PBC患者的淋巴結(jié)腫大也可能因肝癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移引起[23],故應(yīng)注意觀察有無合并肝癌病灶。
3.5 PBC病理分期與MRI征象的關(guān)系
本組PBC病理組織學(xué)分期與MRI征象對(duì)照研究表明,門靜脈周圍暈征在晚期PBC患者更容易顯示,這與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[11-12, 25],其原因可能是PBC晚期在門靜脈周圍有更明顯的纖維化病變、更多的肝細(xì)胞壞死消失。本組研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),肝內(nèi)膽管減少和管徑狹小與PBC病理組織學(xué)分期具有相關(guān)性,尤其在病理Ⅱ期與Ⅲ期之間具有顯著性差異,提示肝內(nèi)膽管數(shù)目減少也能夠反映PBC病變的嚴(yán)重程度,目前尚未見這方面的文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道。本組門靜脈周圍淋巴結(jié)增大在不同病理分期的PBC患者之間無顯著性差異,這一結(jié)果不僅印證PBC肝膽管炎癥的持續(xù)性存在,而且說明淋巴結(jié)增大對(duì)預(yù)測PBC病理分期的作用有限。
本研究的局限性如下:(1)由于入組的PBC樣本量不夠大,故病理分期Ⅰ~Ⅳ各期的病例數(shù)有限而且分布偏倚,如Ⅰ期和Ⅳ期的病例數(shù)更少,這可能影響相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。(2)本組PBC均由肝右葉穿刺活檢取樣,由于取樣誤差,局部病理改變不可能準(zhǔn)確反映肝臟整體的情況。但是臨床上在每個(gè)肝段均活檢采樣不僅操作困難,也存在倫理問題。因此,有必要開展更多的非侵入或無創(chuàng)性研究。(3)本研究為回顧性資料分析,因而未觀察DWI、DTI、MRS等功能性MR成像技術(shù)對(duì)PBC的診斷價(jià)值[26-29]。
總之,本文研究提示門靜脈周圍暈征、肝內(nèi)膽管減少和(或)管徑狹小以及肝門區(qū)淋巴結(jié)增大對(duì)診斷PBC具有較高特異性,前兩個(gè)征象更常見于病理Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期的PBC。因此,MRI檢查不僅有助于診斷PBC,而且能夠預(yù)測其病理分期進(jìn)而評(píng)估PBC病變的嚴(yán)重程度。
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MRI features of primary biliary cirrhosis and correlations with pathological staging
HAN Dan1, YUAN Yan-wen2, ZHANG Jie1, XU Yan1, JIN Er-hu1*, HE Wen1*1Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
2Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing 100026, China
*Correspondence to: Jin EH, E-mail: erhujin@263.net. He W, E-mail: hewen1724@ sina.com
Received 10 Jan 2016, Accepted 10 Feb 2016
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by Beijing Talented Youth Cultivation Project (No. 2013B008001000009).
AbstractObjective: To explore the features of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and correlate them with pathological staging. Materials and Methods: MRI and pathologic findings of 50 patients with PBC (observation group) and 44 patients with other cirrhosis-causing liver diseases (control group) were analyzed, retrospectively. The severity of PBC was divided into stageⅠ—Ⅳ according to the histopathological changes. The MRI findings of the patients in the two groups were reviewed and compared, and the differences of MRI findings of PBC in different pathological stages were discussed. Results: The common MRI findings of PBC are the heterogeneous hyperintensity in the liver on T2WI, periportal long T2 signal intensity, periportal halo sign, decreased number and diameter of the intrahepatic bile ducts, liver parenchyma lace-like fibrosis, liver segmental atrophy or hypertrophy, abdominal lymphadenopathy, ascites and splenomegaly. The differences of the demonstrating frequencies on MRI were statistically significant in the periportal halo sign (χ2=6.887, P<0.05), decreased intrahepatic bile ducts (χ2=5.537, P<0.05), and lymphadenopathy (χ2=22.297, P<0.05) between the observation group and control group. Among the patients with PBC in varied histological stages, the demonstrating frequencies on MRI between stage II and stage III were significantly different in the periportal halo sign (P<0.05),book=192,ebook=39and a decreased number and diameter of the intrahepatic bile ducts (P<0.05), but not in the lymphadenopathy (P>0.05). Conclusions: MRI findings of PBC were correlated with pathological staging, and the MRI examination was beneficial to evaluate the severity of the disease.
Key wordsLiver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Magnetic resonance imaging; Pathology
DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2016.03.006
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
中圖分類號(hào):R445.2;R657.3
收稿日期:2016-01-10接受日期:2016-02-10
通訊作者:
基金項(xiàng)目: