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紅細胞分布寬度與陣發(fā)性非瓣膜性心房顫動射頻消融后復(fù)發(fā)的關(guān)系

2016-05-18 07:31李宏亮劉彤許綱劉恩照焦占全李廣平
關(guān)鍵詞:左房陣發(fā)性消融術(shù)

李宏亮,劉彤,許綱,劉恩照,焦占全,李廣平

(天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院心臟科,天津市心血管病離子與分子機能重點實驗室,天津心臟病學(xué)研究所,天津300211)

論著

紅細胞分布寬度與陣發(fā)性非瓣膜性心房顫動射頻消融后復(fù)發(fā)的關(guān)系

李宏亮,劉彤,許綱,劉恩照,焦占全,李廣平

(天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院心臟科,天津市心血管病離子與分子機能重點實驗室,天津心臟病學(xué)研究所,天津300211)

目的:探討紅細胞分布寬度(RDW)與陣發(fā)性非瓣膜性心房顫動(房顫)導(dǎo)管射頻消融后復(fù)發(fā)的關(guān)系。方法:入選陣發(fā)性非瓣膜性房顫患者73例,均首次行環(huán)肺靜脈消融術(shù)。收集所有患者的RDW、房顫病程、血清非結(jié)合膽紅素水平、總膽紅素水平、左房直徑的臨床數(shù)據(jù)。設(shè)定術(shù)后3個月為空白期。平均隨訪(17±15)個月。復(fù)發(fā)定義為術(shù)后3個月發(fā)生的持續(xù)時間>30 s的快速房性心律失常,包括房速、房撲、房顫。采用多元Logistic回歸分析RDW與復(fù)發(fā)的關(guān)系。結(jié)果:房顫復(fù)發(fā)24例、未復(fù)發(fā)49例,復(fù)發(fā)組患者術(shù)前RDW、左房直徑、房顫病程、間接膽紅素、總膽紅素均高于未復(fù)發(fā)組(P<0.05),經(jīng)多元Logistics回歸顯示,左房直徑、房顫病程、RDW是房顫消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨立危險因素。結(jié)論:RDW增高、左房直徑增大、房顫病程延長與陣發(fā)性非瓣膜性房顫患者導(dǎo)管射頻消融后復(fù)發(fā)有關(guān)。

心房顫動;紅細胞分布寬度;射頻消融;復(fù)發(fā)

紅細胞分布寬度 (red cell distribution width, RDW)是反映外周血紅細胞體積異質(zhì)性的參數(shù),通常以紅細胞體積大小的變異系數(shù)來表示,臨床上多用于缺鐵性貧血的診斷和鑒別診斷。近年來研究發(fā)現(xiàn),RDW增高與心功能衰竭[1]、冠心病、腦卒中[2]及肺動脈高壓患者的死亡密切相關(guān),可能是一種新的心血管疾病危險標記物[3]。然而,關(guān)于RDW與陣發(fā)性心房顫動(房顫)射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的關(guān)系研究甚少。本研究對RDW與陣發(fā)性房顫患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的關(guān)系進行探討。

1 資料與方法

1.1 臨床資料 2011年1月-2014年12月在本院心內(nèi)科因陣發(fā)性非瓣膜性房顫接受射頻消融治療的住院患者共104例,均為第1次行射頻消融治療的癥狀性房顫患者,且資料完整。排除標準:急性感染或慢性感染急性加重期、嚴重肝腎功能障礙、甲狀腺功能亢進等甲狀腺疾病、隨訪期間發(fā)生死亡、血紅蛋白<100 g/L。符合以上標準的73例患者完成隨訪,男44例、女29例,年齡(62±9)歲,病程(6.5± 6.0)年,合并心房撲動(房撲)及房性心動過速(房速)9例、預(yù)激綜合征1例、病態(tài)竇房結(jié)綜合征1例、高血壓42例、冠心病25例、2型糖尿病18例,既往有腦卒中病史5例。

1.2 射頻消融 患者常規(guī)開放靜脈通道,芬太尼0.5 mg加安定10 mg經(jīng)生理鹽水稀釋至50 mL后靜脈恒速泵入(5~8 mL/h),必要時給予負荷量2~5 mL。在三維電解剖標測系統(tǒng)(CART0或EnsiteNavx)指導(dǎo)下,行肺靜脈環(huán)形消融電隔離術(shù),預(yù)設(shè)溫度43℃。放電時生理鹽水輸入速度17mL/h。每點消融30~40s至局部心房電位振幅下降80%或呈現(xiàn)雙電位,逐點連接成線,達到肺靜脈電位完全消失且至少30 min無復(fù)發(fā),左心房-肺靜脈傳導(dǎo)雙向阻滯。完成消融線路,對術(shù)中經(jīng)消融不能終止房顫的患者進行同步直流電復(fù)律。術(shù)中30~60 min監(jiān)測激活的凝血酶原時間,調(diào)整肝素用量,維持凝血酶原時間250~350 s。

1.3 觀察指標 患者均于入院次日晨空腹采集肘靜脈血2 mL,采用全自動血細胞分析儀測定RDW,用全自動生化分析儀測定非結(jié)合膽紅素、總膽紅素水平。術(shù)前采用心臟彩超測定左房直徑。術(shù)后隨訪,設(shè)定術(shù)后3個月為空白期,3個月后開始至研究結(jié)束隨訪患者的復(fù)發(fā)情況,患者出現(xiàn)持續(xù)時間>30 s的房顫、房撲、房速為復(fù)發(fā)。

1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法 采用SPSS22.0統(tǒng)計軟件。計量資料用s表示,組間比較采用t檢驗;采用多變量Logistic回歸分析消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險因素。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

73例患者術(shù)后平均隨訪(17±15)個月。術(shù)后3個月房顫復(fù)發(fā)24例(復(fù)發(fā)組),未復(fù)發(fā)49例(未復(fù)發(fā)組)。房顫復(fù)發(fā)組RDW、左房直徑、房顫病程、非結(jié)合膽紅素、總膽紅素明顯高于未復(fù)發(fā)組(P<0.05),見表1。經(jīng)多變量Logistic回歸分析顯示,RDW、左房直徑、病程是房顫消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨立危險因素(P<0.05),見表2。

表1 兩組RDW、左房直徑、病程、非結(jié)合膽紅素、總膽紅素比較(s)Tab 1 Comparison of baseline charactersistics between two groups of patients(s)

表1 兩組RDW、左房直徑、病程、非結(jié)合膽紅素、總膽紅素比較(s)Tab 1 Comparison of baseline charactersistics between two groups of patients(s)

與未復(fù)發(fā)組比較,*P<0.05

總膽紅素/(μmol/L)復(fù)發(fā)組 24 13.0±1.0*44.0±5.2*8.7±4.0*11.9±5.5* 14.8±5.6*未復(fù)發(fā)組49 12.4±0.6 39.4±5.2 5.4±6.6 9.1±3.2 12.1±3.9組別 nRDW/% 左房直徑/ mm 病程/年非結(jié)合膽紅素/(μmol/L)

表2 房顫患者消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險因素分析Tab 2 Results of Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of atrial fibrillation

3 討論

2007年Felker等[5]首次發(fā)現(xiàn)心力衰竭患者的RDW明顯升高,且是預(yù)后的獨立危險指標[6]。更高基線的RDW水平可以預(yù)測冠狀動脈搭橋術(shù)后患者房顫的發(fā)生[7],是陣發(fā)性房顫的獨立預(yù)測分子[8]。一項為27 124例患者大型研究[9]結(jié)果表明,RDW處在后25%的人群比處在前25%的人群房顫的發(fā)生率高33%。越來越多的證據(jù)表明,炎癥和氧化應(yīng)激在房顫的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中具有重要作用[10~12]。外周血中高RDW水平反映激活的應(yīng)激(炎癥)狀態(tài)[13-14]。在體快速心房起搏狗的模型研究表明,在房顫的背景下,RDW與炎癥、氧化應(yīng)激水平有潛在的聯(lián)系[15]。房顫消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)組RDW增高反映了慢性炎癥可能是其共同的病理過程。炎性細胞因子可使骨髓紅系干細胞對促紅細胞生成素刺激不敏感,阻止其抗細胞凋亡和促進細胞成熟的作用。炎癥因子抑制紅細胞的成熟,導(dǎo)致未成熟紅細胞進入循環(huán),使紅細胞大小異質(zhì)性增加而RDW水平升高[16];增高的RDW還可能與慢性炎癥導(dǎo)致的紅細胞無效生成有關(guān)。其次,RDW增加,紅細胞的可變形性降低,使得微循環(huán)血流通過受損,進而導(dǎo)致缺氧,誘發(fā)或加重了房顫患者機體的炎癥狀態(tài)。因此,RDW升高可作為預(yù)測房顫消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨立危險因素。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),復(fù)發(fā)組術(shù)前RDW水平比未復(fù)發(fā)組明顯增大,經(jīng)Logistic回歸分析顯示,RDW是房顫消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨立危險因素。

目前很多文獻提到左房增大、房顫病程是房顫消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨立危險因素。本研究通過多因素分析亦發(fā)現(xiàn)左房增大、房顫病程是房顫消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨立危險因素。研究表明,膽紅素在人體內(nèi)具有很強的抗氧化作用,本研究中,復(fù)發(fā)組的非結(jié)合膽紅素水平明顯高于對照組,但在Logistic回歸分析中非結(jié)合膽紅素水平增高無明顯意義。推測原因可能為氧化應(yīng)激促進房顫的發(fā)生,而膽紅素作為一種抗氧化應(yīng)激因子,為了平衡體內(nèi)的氧化和抗氧化而代償性升高。

綜上所述,RDW是房顫射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨立危險因素。本研究樣本小,沒有評估其他炎性標記物對房顫消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的影響,需進一步研究探討。

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[12]Emans M E,Gaillard C A,Pfister R,et al.Red cell distribution width is associated with physical inactivity and heart failure, independent of established risk factors,inflammation or iron metabolism;the EPIC-Norfolk study[J].Int J Cardiol,2013,168(4): 3550

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(2015-12-12收稿)

Association between RDW and atrial fibrillation recurrence after radiorequency catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal non-valvular atrial fibrillation

LI Hong-liang,LIU Tong,XU Gang,LIU En-zhao,JIAO Zhan-quan,LI Guang-ping
(Department of Cardiology,The Second Hospital,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease,Tianjin Institute of Cardiology,Tianjin 300211,China)

Objective:To investigate the association between red cell distribution width (RDW)and atrial fibrillation recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal non-valvular atrial fibrillation.Methods:73 patients with paroxysmal nonvalvular atrial fibrillation that undergoing ring plumonary vein radiofrequency catheter ablation were included.RDW,course of atrial fibrillation,left atrium diameter,unconjugated bilirubin,total bilirubin of all patients were carefully collected.Three months after the operation for the blank period was set up.The average follow-up period was(17±15)months.Recurrence was defined as recurrence of atrial fibrillation,atrial flutter,atrial tachycardia which lasted>30 s.Statistic data were analyzed by multiple Logistic regression.Results:Twenty-four patients had atrial fibrillation recurrence relapse.Recurrence group had higher preoperative RDW,bigger left atrial diameter, longer course of atrial fibrillation,higher unconjugated bilirubin,total bilirubin than non-recurrence group(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that left atrial diameter,course of disease,RDW were independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation.Conclusion:Left atrial diameter,course of atrial fibrillation,and RDW could be associated with recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

atrial fibrillation;red cell distribution width;radiofrequency ablation;recurrence

R541.7+5

A

1006-8147(2016)02-0104-03

李宏亮(1989-),男,碩士在讀,研究方向:心血管疾病的基礎(chǔ)與臨床;通信作者:李廣平,E-mail:tjcardiol@126.com。

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