朱文思, 唐春梅, 朱杰寧, 林秋雄, 符永恒, 鄧春玉, 楊 慧, 饒 芳, 吳書林, 單志新△
(1南方醫(yī)科大學(xué), 廣東 廣州510515; 2廣東省心血管病研究所, 廣東省人民醫(yī)院, 廣東省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院 廣東 廣州 510080)
circRNA_000203對(duì)小鼠心肌成纖維細(xì)胞纖維化表型的影響*
朱文思1,2, 唐春梅1,2, 朱杰寧2, 林秋雄2, 符永恒2, 鄧春玉2, 楊 慧2, 饒 芳2, 吳書林2, 單志新2△
(1南方醫(yī)科大學(xué), 廣東 廣州510515;2廣東省心血管病研究所, 廣東省人民醫(yī)院, 廣東省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院 廣東 廣州 510080)
目的: 檢測(cè)糖尿病小鼠心肌中環(huán)形RNAs (circRNAs)的表達(dá)譜,探討circRNA_000203對(duì)心肌成纖維細(xì)胞纖維化表型的影響。方法: 采用Masson染色對(duì)糖尿病db/db小鼠和db/m對(duì)照小鼠心肌組織進(jìn)行膠原纖維的染色觀察;用circRNAs表達(dá)譜芯片檢測(cè)糖尿病心肌中circRNAs的表達(dá)譜;實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR技術(shù)(RT-qPCR)驗(yàn)證小鼠心肌中circRNA_000203的表達(dá)水平;構(gòu)建重組circRNA_000203腺病毒載體,并感染小鼠心肌成纖維細(xì)胞;利用RT-qPCR和Western blot檢測(cè)過表達(dá)circRNA_000203后,小鼠心肌成纖維細(xì)胞中纖維化相關(guān)基因Col1a2、Col3a1、α-SMA的mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)變化。結(jié)果: Masson染色結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照db/m小鼠相比,糖尿病db/db小鼠心肌組織出現(xiàn)明顯纖維化。circRNAs芯片檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明circRNAs在糖尿病心肌中異常表達(dá),其中circRNA_000203表達(dá)顯著上調(diào)。RT-qPCR結(jié)果證明重組circRNA_000203腺病毒載體構(gòu)建成功,RT-qPCR和Western blot結(jié)果均顯示過表達(dá)circRNA_000203后,心肌成纖維細(xì)胞中Col1a2、Col3a1、α-SMA的表達(dá)均顯著增強(qiáng)。結(jié)論: circRNA_000203在糖尿病心肌中顯著上調(diào),其可特異地促進(jìn)心肌成纖維細(xì)胞中纖維化相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)和成纖維細(xì)胞向肌成纖維細(xì)胞表型的轉(zhuǎn)化。
環(huán)形RNAs; 心肌纖維化; 細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)
糖尿病性心肌病(diabetic cardiomyopathy,DCM)是由糖尿病引起的心臟微血管的病變、心肌纖維化和心肌代謝紊亂等所導(dǎo)致的心肌結(jié)構(gòu)異常[1],最終引起左心室肥厚、舒張期和(或)收縮期功能障礙的一種疾病狀態(tài)。以往的研究認(rèn)為,糖尿病性心肌病的主要病理改變包括心肌肥大和心肌纖維化[2-3]。糖尿病性心肌病引起膠原合成和降解的動(dòng)態(tài)失衡,促使大量細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)(extracellular matrix,ECM)沉積于心室壁,導(dǎo)致心臟僵硬度增加,心室順應(yīng)性降低,引起心功能不全,嚴(yán)重時(shí)甚至心衰。但是,糖尿病性心肌纖維化的發(fā)病機(jī)制復(fù)雜,人們對(duì)于其發(fā)生發(fā)展的確切分子和細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)機(jī)制還不完全清楚,尚未找到有效的干預(yù)方法。
環(huán)形RNAs(circular RNAs, circRNAs)主要來(lái)源于外顯子或內(nèi)含子,分別通過外顯子反向剪接、索套內(nèi)含子2種剪接形成[4]。與線性RNAs相比,circRNAs不含3′或 5′末端,呈閉合環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu),不受RNA外切酶影響,表達(dá)更穩(wěn)定,不易降解,大量存在于真核細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞質(zhì)中。circRNAs可作為miRNAs海綿體,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性結(jié)合miRNAs位點(diǎn),調(diào)節(jié)miRNAs活性,使其功能減弱或喪失,最終影響miRNAs下游靶基因的表達(dá)[5-10]。近年來(lái), 越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明,circRNAs在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)紊亂、朊病毒病以及癌癥等多種疾病的發(fā)生與發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮了一定的作用[11-13],有可能成為新型的疾病分子標(biāo)志物。深入了解circRNAs的作用機(jī)制及其功能,有助于我們了解疾病本身,也為疾病的治療和診斷提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和資料。
本研究中,我們選取16周齡的糖尿病db/db和對(duì)照db/m小鼠,用circRNAs芯片檢測(cè)各組心肌組織circRNAs表達(dá)譜,并選取了糖尿病心肌中表達(dá)顯著上調(diào)的circRNA_000203,通過構(gòu)建重組circRNA_000203腺病毒,進(jìn)一步研究了其與糖尿病性心肌纖維化的關(guān)系。
1 主要試劑
限制性內(nèi)切酶XhoI、EcoR I、PacI和PmeI(NEB); BJ5183E.Coli、載體pAd-Track-cmv vector和pAdEasy-I(Coloncancer); Lipofectamine 2000、TRIzol、逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、4×SDS loading buffer(Invitrogen);2×SYBR Green Mix及RNase free water(TaKaRa);BCA蛋白定量試劑盒(Thermo);SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠配置試劑盒(碧云天);抗體膠厚(collagen,Col)1a2、Col3a1和GAPDH(Protein Technology);α-平滑肌肌動(dòng)蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)(Abcam);蛋白Marker (Fermentas); PVDF膜(Whatman);ECL發(fā)光液(Bioword);Masson三色染色試劑盒(北京索萊寶科技有限公司);DMEM/F12細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基(HyClone);特級(jí)澳洲胎牛血清(Gibco);胰蛋白酶粉末(廣州威佳科技有限公司);其它生化試劑均為進(jìn)口分裝或國(guó)產(chǎn)分析純。所用引物由Invitrogen公司根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)合成,具體序列見表1。
表1 PCR引物序列
F: forward; R: reverse.
2 主要方法
2.1 Masson 三色染色 腹腔注射50 mg/kg 戊巴比妥鈉麻醉小鼠,取左心室心肌組織,4%甲醛固定,石蠟包埋并切成4 μm厚度的連續(xù)切片,Masson膠原纖維染色,觀察心臟組織的膠原纖維增生情況,分析評(píng)價(jià)糖尿病db/db和對(duì)照db/m小鼠心臟的纖維化程度。
2.2 circRNAs芯片檢測(cè) 留取糖尿病db/db小鼠和db/m對(duì)照小鼠心肌組織各8份,提取總RNA,對(duì)應(yīng)標(biāo)本合并成2份總RNA。circRNAs表達(dá)譜檢測(cè)、分析由上??党晒就瓿伞:?jiǎn)要步驟如下:先用RNase R消化總RNA,去除線性RNA,富集circRNAs。將富集后的circRNAs采用隨機(jī)引物轉(zhuǎn)錄,擴(kuò)增為熒光標(biāo)記的cRNA探針(Arraystar Super RNA Labeling Kit)。cRNAs探針與Arraystar Human circRNA Array(8×15K)表達(dá)譜芯片上的寡核苷酸片段雜交,Agilent Scanner G2505C掃描,Agilent Feature Extraction Software (Version 11.0.1.1)分析雜交結(jié)果。
2.3 心肌成纖維細(xì)胞的分離、培養(yǎng)和處理 心肌成纖維細(xì)胞從剛出生1~3 d的C57BL/6小鼠心臟中原代分離、培養(yǎng),具體方法參考文獻(xiàn)[14]進(jìn)行,并有所改進(jìn)。成纖維細(xì)胞由于貼壁速度不同而與心肌細(xì)胞分離,將其接種于10 cm培養(yǎng)皿中,用含有10%胎牛血清及1×105U/L青霉素和100 mg/L鏈霉素的DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基,置于37 ℃、5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。當(dāng)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)融合度達(dá)到約90%時(shí),用0.25%含EDTA的胰蛋白酶消化傳代,傳至P3代時(shí)按所需濃度接種培養(yǎng)板中,分別感染重組circRNA_000203腺病毒和對(duì)照GFP標(biāo)記的腺病毒(MOI=10)。
2.4 重組circRNA_000203腺病毒的制備 circRNA_000203包含了Myo9a基因的外顯子7~15序列。我們合成了對(duì)應(yīng)的1 412 nt雙鏈DNA模版,包含Myo9a基因的外顯子7~15序列,內(nèi)含子6和15序列,并將限制性內(nèi)切酶XhoI 和EcoR I的識(shí)別序列加在雙鏈DNA模版末端,見圖1。按照我們報(bào)道的方法[15],將circRNA_000203的DNA模版分別定向插入到pAd-Track-cmv載體的多克隆位點(diǎn)。接下來(lái),進(jìn)一步用pAd-Track-cmv-circRNA_000203與pAdEasy-I在BJ5183E.Coli中形成重組載體。最后,重組circRNA_000203腺病毒載體被限制性內(nèi)切酶PmeI線性化,轉(zhuǎn)染至293T細(xì)胞中,包裝重組腺病毒。
Figure 1.Template DNA sequence of circRNA_000203.
圖1 circRNA_000203的DNA序列模版
2.5 RT-qPCR檢測(cè)circRNA_000203以及纖維化相關(guān)基因的表達(dá) TRIzol法提取總RNA后,取1.5 μg總RNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA。以GAPDH為內(nèi)參照,vii A7 Quantitative PCR System(Applied Biosystems)進(jìn)行PCR。2-ΔΔCt法計(jì)算目的基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
2.6 Western blot 檢測(cè)蛋白水平 收集處理后的成纖維細(xì)胞,加入RIPA蛋白裂解液,冰上裂解,于4 ℃、12 000 r/min離心10 min,取上清進(jìn)行蛋白定量后分裝,加入4×上樣緩沖液,100 ℃加熱10 min使蛋白變性,然后進(jìn)行聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳。用PVDF膜轉(zhuǎn)膜,5%脫脂奶粉封閉2 h,分別用相應(yīng)的抗體anti-Col1a2(1∶1 000)、anti-Col3a1(1∶1 000)、anti-α-SMA(1∶2 000)4 ℃孵育過夜。TBST洗膜后, II 抗(1∶5 000)4 ℃孵育2 h。ECL發(fā)光試劑盒顯影,以GAPDH(1∶ 2 000)作內(nèi)參照,掃描灰度值并分析蛋白表達(dá)相對(duì)含量。
3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析。數(shù)據(jù)均采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤(mean±SEM)表示,組間差異采用t檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
1 糖尿病心肌組織中circRNA_000203表達(dá)上調(diào)
Masson染色的結(jié)果顯示,與db/m對(duì)照小鼠相比,糖尿病心肌組織中血管周圍和心肌間質(zhì)纖維化程度加劇。circRNAs芯片檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,糖尿病心肌中circRNAs表達(dá)異常,有45個(gè)circRNAs上調(diào)2倍以上,而有31個(gè)circRNAs下調(diào)2倍以上。RT-qPCR證實(shí),與db/m對(duì)照小鼠相比,db/db小鼠心肌組織中circRNA_000203顯著上調(diào)。瓊脂糖凝膠電泳鑒定顯示PCR產(chǎn)物大小與預(yù)期相符。DNA測(cè)序的結(jié)果也一致性證實(shí)PCR產(chǎn)物是circRNA_000203的片段,見圖2。
Figure 2.circRNA_000203 expression in the diabetic mouse myocardium. A: Masson trichrome staining. The scale bar=100 μm. B: the scatter plot figure showed the representative dysregulated circRNAs in the diabetic mouse myocardium. The values of X and Y axes in the scatter-plot are the normalized signal values of the samples (log2 scaled). The green lines are fold change lines. The circRNAs above the top green line and below the bottom green line indicated more than 2 fold change of circRNAs between the 2 compared samples. C: the expression of circRNA_000203 by RT-qPCR. D: PCR product of circRNA_000203 was identified by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing, respectively. M: DL2000 DNA marker (2 000, 1 000, 750, 500, 250,100 bp). Mean±SEM.n=8.*P<0.05vsdb/m.
圖2 CircRNA_000203在糖尿病小鼠心肌中的表達(dá)
2 重組circRNA_000203腺病毒的構(gòu)建
我們成功構(gòu)建了穿梭質(zhì)粒pAd-Track-cmv-circRNA_000203,并進(jìn)一步用于構(gòu)建重組腺病毒質(zhì)粒。線性化后轉(zhuǎn)染入293T細(xì)胞,包裝重組circRNA_000203腺病毒。病毒感染心肌成纖維細(xì)胞24 h后,熒光倒置顯微鏡下觀察,可見感染效率與對(duì)照空載體病毒rAd-GFP相當(dāng)。RT-qPCR結(jié)果證實(shí)感染rAd-circRNA_000203后,成纖維細(xì)胞中circRNA_000203表達(dá)顯著上調(diào),見圖3。
3 腺病毒介導(dǎo)過表達(dá)circRNA_000203后心肌成纖維細(xì)胞中纖維化相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)
為進(jìn)一步研究circRNA_000203對(duì)心肌成纖維細(xì)胞中纖維化表型的影響,我們檢測(cè)了過表達(dá)circRNA_000203后,纖維化相關(guān)基因Col1a2、Col3a1和α-SMA的變化。RT-qPCR及Western blot 結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組相比,rAd-circRNA_000203感染組心肌成纖維細(xì)胞中,Col1a2、Col3a1和α-SMA的mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)均顯著增強(qiáng),見圖4。
近年來(lái),基于生物信息學(xué)和實(shí)驗(yàn)分析方法,多種circRNAs在哺乳動(dòng)物轉(zhuǎn)錄組中被發(fā)現(xiàn)[5,10,16-1,7]。越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明,circRNAs參與了轉(zhuǎn)錄、mRNA剪接、RNA降解和翻譯等生物學(xué)過程[18],且與癌癥、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)紊亂、心血管病等多種人類疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[19]。Burd等[11]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)編碼基因位于染色體INK4的circRNA表達(dá)水平與人動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著相關(guān)。Wang等[20]報(bào)道,circRNA-HRCR可作為海綿體,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性結(jié)合miR-223位點(diǎn),抑制其對(duì)靶基因ARC的調(diào)控作用,發(fā)揮抗心肌肥厚和心臟衰竭作用。此外,Du等[21]報(bào)道,circRNA-Foxo3在衰老小鼠和人的心肌組織中顯著上調(diào)表達(dá),circRNA-Foxo3通過與抗衰老蛋白ID-1、E2F1、抗壓力蛋白FAK、HIF1α相互作用,阻止上述轉(zhuǎn)錄因子入核,促進(jìn)小鼠胚胎成纖維細(xì)胞衰老。
Figure 3.Preparation of recombinant circRNA_000203 adenovirus and its infection in cardiac fibroblasts. A: restriction endonuclease digestion of rAd-circRNA_000203 by electrophoresis through an 8 g/L agarose gel. Lane M: DL15000 DNA ladder marker (from up to down, 15, 10, 7.5, 5, 2.5, 1.0, 0.25 kb in size); lane 1: pAdTrack-circRNA_000203 digested byPacI; lane 2: rAd-circRNA_000203 digested byPacI; B: packaging of rAd-Cap8 shRNA in HEK293 cells (×200); C: determination of circRNA_000203 in cardiac fibroblasts with infection of rAd-circRNA_000203. Mean±SEM.n= 3.△△P<0.01vsrAd-GFP.
圖3 重組circRNA_000203腺病毒的構(gòu)建及感染心肌成纖維細(xì)胞
Figure 4.The expression of Col1a2, Col3a1 and α-SMA in the cardiac fibroblasts with enforced-expression of circRNA_000203. Mean±SEM.n=3.*P<0.05vsrAd-GFP.
圖4 過表達(dá)circRNA_000203后心肌成纖維細(xì)胞中Col1a2、Col3a1 以及 α-SMA的表達(dá)
本研究中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)circRNAs在纖維化的糖尿病心肌中表達(dá)異常,提示circRNAs有可能參與了糖尿病性心肌纖維化過程?;谔悄虿b/db小鼠心肌組織差異表達(dá)的circRNAs芯片檢測(cè)和實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR結(jié)果,本文選擇circRNA_000203進(jìn)行研究,試圖揭示其在心肌纖維化中的作用。
目前普遍認(rèn)為circRNAs來(lái)自剪接體介導(dǎo)的前體mRNA(pre-mRNA)剪接,而剪接體也被認(rèn)為參與了外顯子環(huán)化過程[11,22-23]。某些circRNAs是由兩側(cè)的內(nèi)含子互補(bǔ)配對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)環(huán)化的。例如,人類的這些互補(bǔ)配對(duì)序列常包含反向的Alu重復(fù)序列[24-25]。本研究合成了circRNA_000203的雙鏈DNA模版,包含Myo9a基因的外顯子7~15序列,以及兩端的內(nèi)含子6和15序列,并進(jìn)一步克隆到腺病毒表達(dá)載體上。RT-qPCR結(jié)果顯示,重組腺病毒可有效介導(dǎo)心肌成纖維細(xì)胞中circRNA_000203過表達(dá)。這些結(jié)果也說明位于Myo9a基因內(nèi)含子4和15上的旁側(cè)序列對(duì)circRNA_000203的形成十分重要。
心肌纖維化是細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)大量沉積,成纖維細(xì)胞增殖并向肌成纖維細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化的過程[26]。肌成纖維細(xì)胞是主要的效應(yīng)細(xì)胞,以表達(dá)α-SMA為標(biāo)志[27]。本文發(fā)現(xiàn)過表達(dá)circRNA_000203可上調(diào)α-SMA表達(dá),提示circRNA_000203能促進(jìn)心肌成纖維細(xì)胞向肌成纖維細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)化。同時(shí),我們也證實(shí)心肌成纖維細(xì)胞中過表達(dá)circRNA_000203后,纖維化相關(guān)基因Col1a2和Col3a1表達(dá)均一致性上調(diào)。因此,上述結(jié)果提示circRNA_000203通過調(diào)控纖維化相關(guān)基因表達(dá),以及促進(jìn)成纖維細(xì)胞向肌成纖維細(xì)胞表型轉(zhuǎn)化,發(fā)揮促心肌纖維化作用,但其具體的作用機(jī)制還有待進(jìn)一步研究。
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(責(zé)任編輯: 林白霜, 余小慧)
Effect of circRNA_000203 on fibrotic phenotypes in mouse cardiac fibroblasts
ZHU Wen-si1, 2, TANG Chun-mei1, 2, ZHU Jie-ning2, LIN Qiu-xiong2, FU Yong-heng2, DENG Chun-yu2, YANG Hui2, RAO Fang2,WU Shu-lin2, SHAN Zhi-xin2
(1SouthernMedicalUniversity,Guangzhou510515,China;2GuangdongCardiovascularInstitute,GuangdongGeneralHospital,GuangdongAcademyofMedicalSciences,Guangzhou510080,China.E-mail:zhixinshan@aliyun.com.cn)
AIM: To determine circular RNA (circRNA) profiles in the diabetic mouse myocardium, and to investigate the effect of circRNA_000203 on fibrotic phenotypes in cardiac fibroblasts.METHODS: Masson trichrome staining was performed on the myocardium of the diabetic db/db mice and the non diabetic db/m control mice. circRNA expression profile in the diabetic myocardium was detected by circRNAs microarray. The expression of circRNA_000203 was determined by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Recombinant circRNA_000203 adenovirus was prepared for enforced the expression of circRNA_000203 in mouse cardiac fibroblasts. The expression of Col1a2, Col3a1and α-SMA was determined in circRNA_000203-modified cardiac fibroblasts, respectively. RESULTS: Masson trichrome staining showed that fibrosis was increased in the diabetic mouse myocardium. The results of circRNA array detection revealed that circRNAs were dysregulated in the diabetic myocardium. circRNA_000203 was up-regulated in the diabetic myocardium. Significant over-expression of circRNA_000203 was achieved in the cardiac fibroblasts after infection with the recombinant circRNA_000203 adenovirus. The mRNA and protein expression of Col1a2, Col3a1 and α-SMA was significantly increased in the cardiac fibroblasts with over-expression of circRNA_000203.CONCLUSION: circRNA_000203 is up-regulated in the diabetic mouse myocardium. It has pro-fibrotic effect on the cardiac fibroblasts.
Circular RNAs; Cardiac fibrosis; Extracellular matrix
1000- 4718(2016)08- 1351- 06
2016- 02- 03
2016- 04- 26
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目 (No.81470439; No.81270222);廣東省自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目 (No.2014A030313635)
R587.1; R363
A
10.3969/j.issn.1000- 4718.2016.08.002
雜志網(wǎng)址: http://www.cjpp.net
△通訊作者 Tel: 020-83827812-51158; E-mail: zhixinshan@aliyun.com.cn