秦 靜,張 堅,張純濤,魏常虹,李裕欽,段大鵬
(1. 陜西省人民醫(yī)院,陜西 西安 710068;2. 西安醫(yī)學(xué)院第二附屬醫(yī)院,陜西 西安 710038)
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黃芩苷對視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤HXO-RB44細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡及侵襲性的影響
秦靜1,張堅1,張純濤2,魏常虹1,李裕欽1,段大鵬1
(1. 陜西省人民醫(yī)院,陜西 西安 710068;2. 西安醫(yī)學(xué)院第二附屬醫(yī)院,陜西 西安 710038)
[摘要]目的觀察黃芩苷對視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤HXO-RB44細(xì)胞增殖活性、凋亡指數(shù)、侵襲性及PCNA、CAS-3蛋白表達水平的影響,并探討其可能機制。方法將對數(shù)生長期HXO-RB44細(xì)胞制成單細(xì)胞懸液接種于96孔培養(yǎng)板中,分為對照組及50,100,200 μg/mL黃芩苷組并給予相應(yīng)劑量藥物處理,MTT法測各組細(xì)胞增殖抑制率,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)測細(xì)胞凋亡指數(shù),Transwell侵襲小室實驗測細(xì)胞侵襲能力,Western Blot法檢測PCNA、CAS-3蛋白表達情況。結(jié)果MTT結(jié)果顯示黃芩苷對HXO-RB44細(xì)胞增殖有明顯抑制作用,且呈時間依賴性;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)結(jié)果顯示黃芩苷各組中HXO-RB44細(xì)胞凋亡指數(shù)顯著高于對照組;Transwell侵襲小室實驗顯示黃芩苷能明顯降低HXO-RB44細(xì)胞的侵襲能力,均呈劑量依賴性;Western blot顯示隨著黃芩苷濃度的增加,PCNA蛋白表達逐漸下降,而CAS-3蛋白表達增加,呈劑量依賴性。結(jié)論黃芩苷可抑制視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤細(xì)胞增殖,誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡,并抑制其侵襲能力,其可能是通過調(diào)控PCNA、CAS-3蛋白的表達,激活相關(guān)細(xì)胞凋亡信號通路來完成的。
[關(guān)鍵詞]視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤;黃芩苷;增殖;侵襲
視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤(retinoblastoma,RB)是原發(fā)于視網(wǎng)膜的一種眼內(nèi)惡性腫瘤,嚴(yán)重危害患者的視力和生命[1]。其治療手段雖然有多種,但是大多數(shù)預(yù)后不佳,給患者的生存質(zhì)量造成了嚴(yán)重影響[2-3]?,F(xiàn)代藥理研究表明,黃芩苷在清除氧自由基、調(diào)節(jié)免疫、促進細(xì)胞凋亡以及抗腫瘤等多方面均有作用[4]。本實驗采用不同濃度(50,100,200 μg/ mL)黃芩苷作用于視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤HXO-RB44細(xì)胞,檢測細(xì)胞增殖活性、凋亡指數(shù)、侵襲性以及PCNA、CAS-3蛋白的表達水平,從而探討其對視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤的影響及其可能機制,為臨床治療提供理論基礎(chǔ)。
1實驗資料
1.1細(xì)胞來源及主要實驗試劑人視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤HXO-RB44細(xì)胞株購自中國科學(xué)院上海生命科學(xué)研究院細(xì)胞資源中心;胎牛血清、青鏈霉素購自美國Gibco公司;MTT、二甲基亞砜及所有抗體(CAS-3、PCNA)購自美國Sigma公司;細(xì)胞凋亡試劑盒購自南京凱基生物公司。
1.2實驗方法
1.2.1視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤HXO-RB44細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液氮中取出凍存的HXO-RB44細(xì)胞,放入37 ℃水浴箱中使之迅速融化。在超凈工作臺內(nèi)吸出細(xì)胞懸液,注入含5 mL培養(yǎng)液的離心管中,低速離心3 min后棄上清,培養(yǎng)液吹打后移至細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)瓶,加入含10%~15%胎牛血清、100 μg/mL青鏈霉素的DMEM培養(yǎng)液中,置于37 ℃培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng)。倒置顯微鏡下觀察細(xì)胞生長情況,當(dāng)細(xì)胞生長貼壁融合度為80%~90%時進行傳代培養(yǎng)。
1.2.2MTT法檢測HXO-RB44細(xì)胞增殖抑制率將對數(shù)生長期HXO-RB44細(xì)胞制成單細(xì)胞懸液,計數(shù)后接種于96孔培養(yǎng)板中,分為對照組及50,100,200 μg/mL黃芩苷組,對照組不加藥物,其余按組別加入不同濃度黃芩苷,孵育24 h后每孔加入20 μL MTT,培養(yǎng)4 h去上清,每孔加入150 μL DMSO,終止反應(yīng)。將96孔板移入平板振蕩器,水平震蕩10 min。酶聯(lián)免疫檢測儀于490 nm波長處測定每孔吸光度(OD)值,以空白對照孔的OD值調(diào)零,并記錄結(jié)果。結(jié)果以每組4孔的均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,增殖抑制率=(l-實驗組OD值/對照組OD值)×100%。
1.2.3流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡率采用 Annexin V/PI雙染色法,取對數(shù)生長期的HXO-RB44細(xì)胞,0.25%胰酶消化后制成細(xì)胞懸液,以1×105mL-1細(xì)胞密度接種于細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板中,對照組不加藥物,其余按組別加入不同濃度黃芩苷,用4 ℃預(yù)冷的PBS洗細(xì)胞2次,胰酶消化后,1 500 r/min離心5 min后棄上清,收集細(xì)胞,用PBS重新懸浮細(xì)胞,調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞濃度,取100 μL細(xì)胞懸液(約1×105個細(xì)胞),1 500 r/min離心5 min后棄上清,加入500 μL的1×Binding Buffer,加入5 μL Annexin V-FITC,再加入10 μL PI,輕輕混勻,室溫下避光反應(yīng)5~10 min,上流式細(xì)胞儀分析。
1.2.4Transwell侵襲小室實驗測細(xì)胞侵襲力將Matrigel膠鋪于培養(yǎng)小室濾膜上,每孔20~30 μL, 37 ℃過夜凝膠,在膜的另一面涂上纖維黏連蛋白,約5×105細(xì)胞/mL 200 μL加入小室內(nèi),培養(yǎng)24 h后擦去膜上層細(xì)胞,將膜取下,甲醛室溫固定30 min,蘇木素染色,乙醇逐級脫水,二甲醛透明后,用刀片裁下膜,置于載玻片上,鏡下計數(shù)(平均計數(shù) 4個視野)。
1.2.5Western blot檢測HXO-RB44細(xì)胞PCNA、CAS-3蛋白表達情況培養(yǎng)的HXO-RB44細(xì)胞同步化后,對照組不加藥物,其余按組別加入不同濃度黃芩苷,提取HXO-RB44細(xì)胞蛋白,BCA法測定蛋白濃度。按《分子克隆實驗指南》所述方法進行SDS-PAGE電泳,電泳至溴酚藍抵達分離膠底部結(jié)束電泳,取下凝膠并做標(biāo)記,入電轉(zhuǎn)緩沖液平衡5 min后轉(zhuǎn)膜。纖維素膜一側(cè)靠正極,膠一側(cè)靠負(fù)極。然后抗原抗體反應(yīng),并用辣根過氧化物酶化學(xué)增強劑顯色反應(yīng)。蛋白的表達水平根據(jù)GAPDH進行標(biāo)化,通過軟件進行灰度掃描、定量。
2結(jié)果
2.1各組HXO-RB44細(xì)胞增殖抑制率MTT法測定結(jié)果顯示,黃芩苷對HXO-RB44細(xì)胞的增殖有明顯抑制作用。在72 h時,對照組和50,100,200 μg/mL黃芩苷組HXO-RB44細(xì)胞增殖抑制率分別為(20.98±1.69)%,(32.68±1.21)%,(41.05±2.33)%,(57.54±3.66)%,各組間比較差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P均<0.05);各組HXO-RB44細(xì)胞增殖抑制率均隨時間延長而逐漸增高。見圖1。
圖1 MTT法測定各組HXO-RB44細(xì)胞增殖抑制率
2.2各組HXO-RB44細(xì)胞凋亡率Annexin V-FITC/PI雙染色流式細(xì)胞儀檢測結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),對照組和50,100,200 μg/mL黃芩苷組HXO-RB44細(xì)胞凋亡率分別為10.45%,22.19%,36.74%和54.89%,各組間比較差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P均<0.05)。見圖2。
2.3各組HXO-RB44細(xì)胞侵襲性transwell侵襲小室實驗測定結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),對照組和50,100,200 μg/mL黃芩苷組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)分別為357.86±36.12,269.48±29.35,187.84±23.57,121.59±16.43。各組間比較差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P均<0.05)。
2.4各組HXO-RB44細(xì)胞PCNA、CAS-3蛋白表達情況Westtern blot分析測量各蛋白的表達水平,結(jié)果顯示隨著黃芩苷濃度的增加,PCNA蛋白的表達水平逐漸下降,而CAS-3蛋白的表達水平逐漸升高,經(jīng)檢驗差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P均<0.05)。見圖3。
3討論
視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤最早是由荷蘭醫(yī)生Pawius于1597年首次報道,在全世界發(fā)病率約為1∶20 000[5],其發(fā)病率有逐年上升的趨勢[6]。目前趨向于個性化綜合治療,其中包括化學(xué)減容法、外照射放療、激光光凝、鞏膜敷貼放療、溫?zé)岑煼ā⒗鋬霪煼?、眼球摘除、眼眶?nèi)容剜除和針對轉(zhuǎn)移腫瘤的全身化療以及多種方法聯(lián)合治療[7-8]。隨著各種治療方法的進步以及早期診斷和及時治療的實現(xiàn),患者生存率得到了極大提高,但在發(fā)展中國家和不發(fā)達國家,生存率仍低于50%[9-10]。
圖2 各組HXO-RB44細(xì)胞凋亡率
圖3 各組HXO-RB44細(xì)胞PCNA、CAS-3蛋白表達水平
黃芩始載于《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》,歸草部山草類,為唇形科多年生植物黃芩的干燥根。傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)認(rèn)為黃芩苷具有清熱燥濕、瀉火解毒等功效,并被用于肝癌、肺癌以及直腸癌等的治療?,F(xiàn)代藥理研究表明,黃芩的作用主要包括抗腫瘤、抗病毒、消熱鎮(zhèn)痛等[11-12]。隨著國際上對黃芩苷研究的逐步深入,發(fā)現(xiàn)黃芩苷可清除氧自由基,減輕組織的缺血再灌注損傷,調(diào)節(jié)免疫,促進細(xì)胞凋亡以及抗腫瘤和HIV。
本實驗中MTT檢測結(jié)果顯示,黃芩苷對HXO-RB44細(xì)胞增殖具有明顯抑制作用,這種抑制作用表現(xiàn)出良好的時間和劑量依賴性。利用流式細(xì)胞儀對細(xì)胞凋亡率的分析發(fā)現(xiàn),與對照組相比,經(jīng)黃芩苷作用后細(xì)胞凋亡率逐漸升高。transwell侵襲小室實驗結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),黃芩苷各組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)明顯減少。表明黃芩苷可抑制視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤細(xì)胞增殖,誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡,并抑制細(xì)胞的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移。
腫瘤的發(fā)生是多途徑、多步驟的,細(xì)胞增殖與凋亡之間的平衡失調(diào)與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[13]。PCNA是DNA復(fù)制所必需的,并已被證明是腫瘤增殖的一個重要標(biāo)記,Survivin的表達已被證實與惡性腫瘤中PCNA和CAS-3表達相關(guān)聯(lián)[14-15]。Caspase家族是細(xì)胞凋亡的執(zhí)行者,決定了細(xì)胞凋亡的形態(tài)和生物化學(xué)改變[16]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),不同濃度黃芩苷處理細(xì)胞后,可下調(diào)PCNA蛋白的表達,上調(diào)CAS-3蛋白的表達,且呈劑量依賴性,提示黃芩苷可能通過調(diào)節(jié)PCNA和CAS-3蛋白的表達參與視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤的增殖和凋亡。
綜上所述,黃芩苷可抑制視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤細(xì)胞增殖,誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡,抑制細(xì)胞侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移,可能是通過調(diào)節(jié)PCNA與CAS-3蛋白的表達,從而激活相關(guān)細(xì)胞凋亡信號通路來完成的,這可能為視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤提供一個潛在的治療策略。
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Effects of baicalin on tumor proliferation, apoptosis and invasive capacity of retinoblastoma HXO-RB44 cell
QIN Jing1, ZHANG Jian1, ZHANG Chuntao2, WEI Changhong1, LI Yuqin1, DUAN Dapeng1
(1. Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi, China; 2. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical College, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China)
Abstract:Objective It is to observe the effect of baicalin on tumor proliferation activity, apoptosis index, invasive capacity and PCNA, CAS-3 proteins expression of retinoblastoma HXO-RB44 cell, and explore the molecular mechanisms. Methods The logarithmic growth phase HXO-RB44 cell were made into single cell suspension and inoculated in 96 well plates, and were divided into baicalin 50, 100, 200 μg/mL group and control group, and then the cells were treated with different concentrations of baicalin and equal volume of normal saline. MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation inhibition rate, and flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis index, and Transwell invasion assay was used to detect cell invasive capacity, and Western blot assay was used to determine the protein expression levels of PCNA and CAS-3. Results The MTT assay found that baicalin had significantly reduced the proliferative activities of HXO-RB44 cells in a time-dependent manner; the flow cytometric analysis results showed that the apoptosis index of HXO-RB44 cells in baicalin treated groups was markedly higher than that in the control group; Transwell invasion assay showed that the cell invasive capacity in baicalin treated groups was markedly lower than that in the control group; Western blot assays performed that the protein expression level of PCNA was gradually decreased, while CAS-3 expression was gradually increased with the increase of baicalin concentration in baicalin treated group. Conclusion Baicalin can inhibit the proliferation of HXO-RB44 cells, induced its apoptosis, and inhibit the invasion ability. The molecular mechanisms may through regulate the expression of PCNA and CAS-3, and active the apoptosis related signaling pathway.
Key words:retinoblastoma; baicalin; proliferation; invasive capacity
[作者簡介]秦靜,女,碩士,研究方向為眼底疾病。[通信作者]段大鵬,E-mail:15829086908@163.com
[基金項目]陜西省中醫(yī)管理局課題 (13-JC029);西安市科技計劃項目(SF1315(4))
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-8849.2016.03.004
[中圖分類號]R-33
[文獻標(biāo)識碼]A
[文章編號]1008-8849(2016)03-0239-04
[收稿日期]2015-06-17