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STIR序列在腰骶部淺筋膜炎中的診斷價(jià)值

2016-06-27 06:34:25蔣偉俞冬葉黃丙倉(cāng)劉放張寧
磁共振成像 2016年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:腰骶部磁共振成像

蔣偉,俞冬葉,黃丙倉(cāng)*,劉放,張寧

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STIR序列在腰骶部淺筋膜炎中的診斷價(jià)值

蔣偉1,俞冬葉2*,黃丙倉(cāng)1*,劉放1,張寧1

[摘要]目的 探討核磁共振短T1反轉(zhuǎn)回復(fù)序列(short T1 inversion-recovey,STIR)在診斷腰骶部淺筋膜炎的診斷價(jià)值。材料與方法 回顧分析100例腰腿痛患者腰椎MRI檢查圖像,其中男43例,女57例,年齡21~87歲,平均年齡56歲。除了進(jìn)行T1WI、T2WI腰椎常規(guī)序列外,均采用STIR序列掃描。結(jié)果 100例腰腿痛患者腰椎MRI檢查圖像中,31例在MRI STIR序列顯示腰椎棘突后方淺筋膜深層片狀、條帶狀高信號(hào),并伴異常的長(zhǎng)T1、長(zhǎng)T2信號(hào),但STIR序列更明顯、更直觀地顯示腰骶部淺筋膜炎,而T1WI、T2WI序列常常被掩蓋。結(jié)論 腰骶部疼痛患者淺筋膜水腫發(fā)生率較高,MRI STIR序列成像對(duì)顯示淺筋膜炎敏感,根據(jù)臨床表現(xiàn)、影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)、治療和隨訪確診。

[關(guān)鍵詞]磁共振成像;STIR序列;腰骶部;筋膜炎

作者單位:1.上海市浦東新區(qū)公利醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)影像科,上海 200135 2.上海交通大學(xué)附屬第六人民醫(yī)院南院,上海 201400

接受日期:2016-01-08

蔣偉, 俞冬葉, 黃丙倉(cāng), 等. STIR序列在腰骶部淺筋膜炎中的診斷價(jià)值. 磁共振成像, 2016, 7(2): 126–130.

*Correspondence to: Yu DY, Email: T-zhen@126.com; Huang BC, E-mail:hbc9209@163.com

Received 5 Dec 2015, Accepted 8 Jan 2016

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was part of project of 2011 Pudong New Area Health Bureau(No. PWRd2011-05).

腰骶部淺筋膜炎是導(dǎo)致腰腿痛的重要原因之一,腰腿痛在臨床上比較常見,因?qū)\筋膜炎認(rèn)識(shí)不足,在影像診斷中常被忽視,導(dǎo)致漏診。腰骶痛包含軟組織與骨性兩種病變,有些病例目前不知道病因,無法做出明確診斷。梁杰群[1]、王宏偉[2]報(bào)告腰背淺筋膜炎是引起下腰痛的常見病。本文報(bào)告了從100例腰腿痛患者中檢查出,經(jīng)MRI診斷并經(jīng)臨床證實(shí)的腰背部淺筋膜炎患者31例,目的在于提高臨床及影像醫(yī)生對(duì)該病的認(rèn)識(shí),避免漏診及誤診。

1 材料與方法

1.1臨床資料

隨機(jī)收集本院2013年12月至2015年2月間臨床診斷為腰椎病變患者100例,且這100例病人無外傷史和腰骶部按摩等局部治療病史,其中男43例,女57 例,年齡21~87歲,平均年齡56歲。給予初步體格檢查和記錄,并詳細(xì)詢問患者病史和臨床癥狀,全部患者有腰骶部疼痛,伴或不伴有臀部和下肢放射性痛,病程在3天至6個(gè)月,或長(zhǎng)期慢性腰痛病史近期急性加重。

1.2MR檢查

采用東芝EXCELART VantageAtlas1.5 T磁共振掃描儀,脊柱線圈。定位像掃描后按照常規(guī)椎間盤檢查方法,MRI平掃包括腰椎矢狀位FSE序列T1WI(TR=400 ms,TE=15 ms)及腰椎矢狀位FSE序列T2WI(TR=3000 ms,TE=100 ms),層厚4.5 mm,層距0.5 mm,矩陣256×192。腰椎間盤層面橫斷位FSE 序列T2WI(TR=3000 ms,TE= 90 ms),層厚5 mm,層距1 mm,矩陣224×320。在常規(guī)掃描序列的基礎(chǔ)上加做橫斷位、冠狀位或矢狀位STIR序列。掃描條件分別是:STIR(短T1反轉(zhuǎn)回復(fù))脈沖橫斷位和冠狀位序列掃描,TR=3800 ms,TE=90 ms,F(xiàn)OV 34 mm,層厚4.5 mm,層間0.5 mm,矩陣192×256,NAQ:2。

1.3圖像后處理方法

把100例腰腿痛患者腰椎MRI檢查圖像經(jīng)過最大密度投影成像(maximum intensity projection,MIP)處理,并與常規(guī)圖像比較,STIR序列顯示淺筋膜深層片狀、條帶狀高信號(hào)的圖像用標(biāo)尺測(cè)量高信號(hào)的長(zhǎng)、寬、高,并記錄和匯總,根據(jù)MR表現(xiàn)分為4型:片狀型、條狀型、積液型、混合型。

1.4影像分析評(píng)價(jià)

圖像由兩位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的影像學(xué)專家通過雙盲法讀片,如判斷不一致,重新討論,最后達(dá)成一致意見。

1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)方法

采用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件SPSS 10.0對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,如P>0.05則無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,P<0.01則有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,用配對(duì)四格表χ2檢驗(yàn)。

表1 31例腰骶部淺筋膜炎常規(guī)序列與STIR序列對(duì)陽、陰性預(yù)測(cè)值的關(guān)系Tab. 1 The relationship between PPY and NPV of the general sequence and STIR sequence of 31 cases in the superficial fascia

2 結(jié)果

100例腰腿痛患者中經(jīng)MRI診斷并經(jīng)臨床證實(shí)的腰背部淺筋膜炎患者有31例,STIR序列與常規(guī)序列對(duì)31例腰骶部淺筋膜炎顯示見表1。通過統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,STIR序列與常規(guī)序列磁共振檢查對(duì)腰骶部淺筋膜的診斷具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.01),STIR序列更能夠顯示腰骶部皮下水腫,其敏感性為94.4%,特異性為100%。31例在MRI STIR序列顯示腰椎棘突后方淺筋膜深層片狀、條帶狀明顯高信號(hào)水腫帶影,腰椎矢狀位T1WI序列表現(xiàn)為低信號(hào),腰椎矢狀位T2WI序列表現(xiàn)為中高或稍高信號(hào)。從淺筋膜炎4型MR圖像中,片狀型、條狀型分別表現(xiàn)為片狀和條狀異常水腫信號(hào),即T1WI稍低信號(hào),T2WI稍高信號(hào),STIR高信號(hào);積液型表現(xiàn)為腰背部淺筋膜層內(nèi)出現(xiàn)液性信號(hào),表現(xiàn)為T1WI低信號(hào),T2WI高信號(hào),STIR非常明顯高信號(hào),邊緣清晰;而混合型表現(xiàn)較為復(fù)雜,同時(shí)出現(xiàn)片狀、條狀或積液型的表現(xiàn)。31例患者治療l個(gè)月后,腰骶部淺筋膜炎臨床癥狀基本消失。6個(gè)月后隨訪,在21例中,腰骶部淺筋膜層中有15例異常信號(hào)完全消失,范圍縮小明顯者6例,余下10例變化不大。因此31例患者依據(jù)腰痛的臨床表現(xiàn)、影像學(xué)特征性的表現(xiàn)以及治療后的隨訪,MRI診斷結(jié)果均符合臨床診斷。

31例淺筋膜異常信號(hào)中,并有椎間盤和椎體退行性病變者有23例,23例中表現(xiàn)為腰椎間盤脫出與突出的有9例,表現(xiàn)為腰椎間盤變性與椎體骨質(zhì)增生的有14例。并有椎體血管瘤的有2例;沒有腰椎間盤病變與椎體病變的有6例,見表2。

表2 100例腰腿痛患者STIR序列在淺筋膜信號(hào)異常中的顯示統(tǒng)計(jì)(例)Tab. 2 STIR sequence of 100 cases with lumbocrural pain in the superficial fascia abnormal signal shown statistics(n)

圖1 男,63歲,腰痛半年。A:矢狀位T1WI腰骶部淺筋膜中見條狀低信號(hào)影,邊界尚清楚;B:矢狀位T2WI腰骶部淺筋膜中見條狀中高或稍高信號(hào)影,邊界尚清楚;C:矢狀位STIR腰骶部淺筋膜中見明顯高信號(hào),邊界清楚;D:橫斷位STIR腰骶部淺筋膜中見明顯高信號(hào),邊界清楚;E:冠狀位STIR腰骶部淺筋膜中見明顯高信號(hào),邊界清楚圖2 女,68歲,腰痛3月余。A:矢狀位T1WI腰骶部淺筋膜中見條狀低信號(hào)影,邊界尚清楚;B:矢狀位T2WI腰骶部淺筋膜中見條狀中高或稍高信號(hào)影,邊界尚清楚;C:矢狀位STIR腰骶部淺筋膜中見明顯高信號(hào),邊界清楚;D:橫斷位STIR腰骶部淺筋膜中見明顯高信號(hào),邊界清楚;E:冠狀位STIR腰骶部淺筋膜中見明顯高信號(hào),邊界清楚Fig. 1 Male, sixty-three year old, low back pain for six months. A: Sagittal T1WI demonstrated that strip low signal were seen in the lumbosacral superficial fasciitis, and the boundary was clear; B: Sagittal T2WI demonstrated that strip middle or slightiy high signal were seen in the lumbosacral superficial fasciitis, and the boundary was clear; C: Sagittal STIR demonstrated that obviously high signal were seen in the lumbosacral superficial fasciitis, and the boundary was clear; D: Axial STIR demonstrated that obviously high signal were seen in the lumbosacral superficial fasciitis, and the boundary was clear; E: Coronary STIR demonstrated that obviously high signal were seen in the lumbosacral superficial fasciitis, and the boundary was clear. Fig. 2 Female, sixty-eight year old, low back pain for 3 months. A: Sagittal T1WI demonstrated that strip low signal were seen in the lumbosacral superficial fasciitis, and the boundary was clear; B: Sagittal T2WI demonstrated that strip middle or slightiy high signal were seen in the lumbosacral superficial fasciitis, and the boundary was clear; C: Sagittal STIR demonstrated that obviously high signal were seen in the lumbosacral superficial fasciitis, and the boundary was clear; D: Axial STIR demonstrated that obviously high signal were seen in the lumbosacral superficial fasciitis, and the boundary was clear; E: Coronary STIR demonstrated that obviously high signal were seen in the lumbosacral superficial fasciitis, and the boundary was clear.

3 討論

3.1淺筋膜炎的概念及主要表現(xiàn)

腰骶部淺筋膜炎是因?yàn)閯趽p、風(fēng)寒等原因引起腰骶部纖維結(jié)締組織(如筋膜、肌膜、肌腱、韌帶)的一種非特異性炎性變化[3],長(zhǎng)久不愈和形成粘連及纖維病變,繼而形成此病。它的發(fā)病原因目前暫無滿意的結(jié)論,估計(jì)與以下因素有關(guān):慢性損傷[4]、感染[5]、寒冷刺激、痛風(fēng)、風(fēng)寒癥及其他結(jié)締組織?。?-7]。主要表現(xiàn)為腰臀腿部疼痛,通常為自發(fā)性局部酸痛、鈍痛和難以忍受的劇痛,伴彌漫性下肢放散痛。

3.2淺筋膜炎的 MRI STIR序列特征

腰骶部淺層筋膜炎的典型MRI表現(xiàn)為:腰骶部出現(xiàn)異常信號(hào),表現(xiàn)為T 1 W I稍低信號(hào),T2WI稍高信號(hào),STIR高信號(hào),一般表現(xiàn)為條狀或條帶狀[8-9]。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),淺筋膜炎MRI表現(xiàn)可以分為片狀型、條狀型、積液型、混合型4種。T1WI腰骶部淺筋膜(皮下脂肪層)中的條、片狀低信號(hào)邊界較清楚(圖1、圖2A),T2WI呈條、片狀高信號(hào)(圖1、圖2B),STIR呈明顯高信號(hào)影(圖1、圖2C~E),邊界清楚[10]。這種高信號(hào)的表現(xiàn)是腰骶部淺筋膜炎的特征性MR表現(xiàn)。STIR技術(shù)是脂肪抑制技術(shù),基于脂肪組織短T1的特性,由于淺筋膜中脂肪含量較多,T1值短,在淺筋膜炎發(fā)生時(shí)、局部有水腫病理改變時(shí),STIR序列恰恰能夠顯示出來。因此選擇短T1則有效抑制了脂肪組織的信號(hào)。從表1看出,STIR序列31例中只有一例未檢出,原因在于淺筋膜炎癥較輕,而常規(guī)序列有13例未檢出,原因是由于T1WI/T2WI序列有脂肪成分干擾,從而被掩蓋。根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)算,STIR序列的敏感性是94.4%,特異性是100%。

STIR序列不僅能夠抑制全部脂肪組織信號(hào),而且能夠抑制部分水的信號(hào),更可以突出水腫樣病變的高信號(hào),特別是對(duì)MRI常規(guī)序列難以發(fā)現(xiàn)的病變,在STIR上可清楚顯示[11]。并且核磁共振脂肪抑制技術(shù)能在抑制軟組織脂肪成分的同時(shí)提升結(jié)合水的信號(hào)[12-13],使軟組織炎性病變的高信號(hào)得以凸現(xiàn),它可以通過均勻彌漫的脂肪抑制,將隱藏于脂肪組織內(nèi)的病變突顯出來[14]。因此,STIR序列是目前惟一對(duì)磁場(chǎng)非均勻性不敏感的脂肪抑制技術(shù)。筆者認(rèn)為STIR序列成像對(duì)顯示淺筋膜炎具有特別重要的意義,大大減少了腰骶部淺筋膜炎的誤診率,特別對(duì)腰腿痛患者常規(guī)T1WI、T2WI序列無明顯陽性表現(xiàn)時(shí),應(yīng)想到腰骶部淺筋膜炎存在的可能性[15],加掃STIR序列,結(jié)合T1WI、T2WI表現(xiàn)作出明確診斷。

3.3淺筋膜炎的重要意義

目前腰腿痛病因復(fù)雜且常見,其中以盤源性腰痛最為常見,導(dǎo)致椎間盤源性神經(jīng)根性疼痛的主要原因[16-17]是椎間盤突出對(duì)腰神經(jīng)根的機(jī)械性壓迫和髓核突出物質(zhì)的致炎作用所引起。所以凡是患者有腰腿臀痛,尤其是有坐骨神經(jīng)痛的病人,很多學(xué)者都認(rèn)為只要有腰椎影像學(xué)改變,且又對(duì)淺筋膜炎認(rèn)識(shí)不足,常依據(jù)影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)與臨床癥狀錯(cuò)誤作出腰椎間盤突出癥的診斷結(jié)果[18],而忽視了淺筋膜炎的存在可能[19]。本組腰骶部淺筋膜炎患者中有6例有明顯腰腿痛癥狀但無腰椎間盤突出,經(jīng)對(duì)癥治療后癥狀減輕或消失,而且經(jīng)過核磁共振STIR序列復(fù)查后,其炎癥有不同程度好轉(zhuǎn);12例有腰椎間盤突出、脫出,26例椎間盤變性骨質(zhì)增生,但沒有淺筋膜炎。因此,導(dǎo)致腰腿痛的重要原因之一常常恰是腰骶部淺筋膜炎,它與盤源性腰痛的癥狀有相似處,如果對(duì)該病認(rèn)識(shí)不清容易把兩種疾病混淆而誤診。

因此,筆者認(rèn)為,依據(jù)臨床表現(xiàn)、影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)以及治療后病人的隨訪結(jié)果可以對(duì)腰骶部淺筋膜炎做出明確診斷,而MRI STIR序列是對(duì)腰骶部淺筋膜炎具有特征性的影像表現(xiàn),是目前最敏感、最具說服力的診斷腰骶部淺筋膜炎的影像學(xué)檢查方法,是對(duì)臨床治療方案選擇提供可靠的依據(jù)。

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Value of STIR sequence in diagnosis of lumbosacral superficial fasciitis

JIANG Wei1, YU Dong-ye2*, HUANG Bing-cang1*, LIU Fang1, ZHANG Ning11Department of Radiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli hospital, Shanghai 200135, China2The south campus of sixth People's hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201400, China

Key wordsMagnetic resonance imaging; STIR sequence; Lumbar and sacral region;Fasciitis

AbstractObjective: To assess the diagnostic value of MRI STIR sequence in lumbosacral superficial fasciitis. Materials and Methods: Analysis of 100 cases of MRI pictures of patients with low back pain or leg pain was taken. Including 43 males and 57 females, with a mean age of 56(21–87 years). The MRI pictures included T1WI, T2WI and STIR sequence scanning. Results: Strip high signals with long T1,long T2 abnormal signal behind lumbar vertebra were showed in 31 cases. The STIR sequence was more obvious, more intuitive to display lumbosacral superficial fasciitis,while the abnormal fascia signals in T1WI and T2WI sequences were often covered. Conclusion: The fascia superficialis edema is at a high rate in the patients with lumbosacral pain. The MRI STIR sequence can display the lumbosacral subcutaneous fibrositis sensitively and clearly, according to clinical manifestations, imaging findings, treatment and follow-up confirmed.

基金項(xiàng)目:2011年度浦東新區(qū)衛(wèi)生局課題項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):PWRd2011-05)

通訊作者:俞冬葉,E-mail:T-zhen@126.com;黃丙倉(cāng),E-mail:hbc9209@163.com

收稿日期:2015-12-05

中圖分類號(hào):R445.2;R686.3

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A

DOI:10.12015/issn.1674-8034.2016.02.008

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